Bungieen kab peqoe: Difference between revisions

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'''{{tx|Bungieen kab peqoe}}''' / '''{{tx|Bunpek ixthok}}''' (文白異讀; {{w|Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters}})
'''{{x|Bungieen kab peqoe}}''', {{gsw|buun-pek i-thok|文白異讀|Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters}}


==Literary vs colloquial ==
[[Category:Gwgieen-hak]]
* '''Colloquial readings''' ({{gs|pegthok|白讀}}) are usually used in normal speech.
*'''Literary readings''' ({{gs|bunthok|文讀}}) of [[Harnji]] are usually used in formal loan words or names, when reading aloud and in formal settings.
* For example, {{wt|白}} has two readings:
** Colloquial: '''{{tx|peh}}''', as in '''{{tx|[[peqzhaix]]}}''' (Chinese cabbage)
** Literary: '''{{tx|pek}}''', as in '''{{tx|zuxpek}}''' (confession)
* Some characters have multiple and unrelated pronunciations, adapted to represent Hokkien words. For example, the word ''[[baq]]'' ("meat") may be written with the character 肉, which has etymologically unrelated colloquial and literary readings:
** Colloquial: ''{{tx|hek}}''
** Literary: ''{{tx|jiok}}'', as in {{gs|kutjiok|骨肉|flesh and blood; kindred}}
* '''Vernacular readings''', marked {{gs|siok|俗}}, are relatively rare. See {{gs|pof|埠}}, {{gs|lok|錄}}, {{gs|kiok|劇}}, for example.
 
== Examples ==
The following examples show differences in literary and colloquial readings in [[Taiwanese Hokkien]].
 
=== Harnji Readings ===
{{HokkienLiteraryColloquial}}
 
The following chart illustrates some of the more commonly seen sound shifts:
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Colloquial
!Literary
!colspan=4| Example
|- bgcolor=lightgrey
| [p-], [pʰ-]
| [h-]
| {{th|分}}
| {{x2|pwn}}
| {{x2|hwn}}
| ''divide''
|-
| [ts-], [tsʰ-], [tɕ-], [tɕʰ-]
| [s-], [ɕ-]
| {{th|成}}
| {{x2|cviaa}}
| {{x2|seeng}}
| ''to become''
|- bgcolor=lightgrey
| [k-], [kʰ-]
| [tɕ-], [tɕʰ-]
| {{th|指}}
| {{x2|kie}}
| {{x2|cie}}
| ''finger''
|-
| [-ã], [-uã]
| [-an]
| {{th|看}}
| {{x2|khvoax}}
| {{x2|khaxn}}
| ''to see''
|- bgcolor=lightgrey
| [-ʔ]
| [-t]
| {{th|食}}
| {{x2|ciah}}
| {{x2|sit}}
| ''to eat''
|-
| [-i]
| [-e]
| {{th|世}}
| {{x2|six}}
| {{x2|sex}}
| ''world''
|- bgcolor=lightgrey
| [-e]
| [-a]
| {{th|家}}
| {{x2|kef}}
| {{x2|kaf}}
| ''family''
|-
| [-ia]
| [-i]
| {{tj|徛}} / {{th|企}}
| {{x2|khia}}
| {{x2|khix}}
| ''to stand''
|}
{{w|Amoy_dialect#Literary_and_colloquial_readings}}
 
=== Hokkien Numerals ===
This feature extends to [[Hokkien numerals]], which have both literary and colloquial readings. Literary readings are typically used when the numerals are read out loud (e.g. phone numbers), while colloquial readings are used for counting items (see [[sorji]] and [[tiexn'oe]]).
 
{{HokkienLiteraryColloquial-Num}}
 
==More details==
* Hokkien dictionaries in Taiwan often differentiate between such character readings with the prefixes 文 (''{{x|buun}}'') for literary readings, and 白 (''{{x|pek}}'' / ''{{x|peh}}'') for colloquial readings (see [[Taioaan Banlamguo Siong'iong-Suu Sutiern]]).
* The bulk of literary readings are based on pronunciations of the vernacular during the [[Toong|Tang dynasty]] and mainly used in formal phrases and written language (e.g. philosophical concepts, surnames, and some place names).
* Literary readings tend to be more similar to the pronunciations of the Tang standard of [[Middle Chinese]] than their colloquial equivalents.
* The colloquial (or vernacular) readings are basically used in spoken language and vulgar (ordinary/common) phrases.
* The divergence between literary and colloquial is due to several "strata" in the Min lexicon. See {{w|Proto-Min_language#Strata}}
 
==Sources ==
*{{w|Hokkien#Literary_and_colloquial_readings}}
*[[Taioaan Banlamguo Siong'iong-Suu Sutiern]]
 
==See also==
*[[theaji]]
 
[[Category: Gwgienhak]]

Latest revision as of 15:12, 25 January 2024

Bungieen kab peqoe, buun-pek i-thok (文白異讀 Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters)

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