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===== Special vowels =====
===== Special vowels =====
For certain vowels in certain tones, the following ornamental substitutions/shortcuts are used:
For certain vowels in certain tones, some ornamental substitutions/shortcuts are used. Refer to the [[Media:Seven Tones of Taiwanese.pdf|''Seven Tones'']] chart.
* [[shouting tone]]: ''ie'', ''uo'', ''ea'', ''ae'', ''ao'', when they end the syllable
* '''{{x|y}}''', '''{{x|w}}''': [[high tone]] of '''i''' and '''u'''
* [[high tone]]: ''{{x|y}}, w'', (and ''{{x|ym}}'', ''{{x|yn}}'', ''{{x|wn}}'')
* '''{{x|ie}}''', '''{{x|uo}}''', '''{{x|ea}}''': [[shouting tone]] of '''i''', '''u''', '''e'''
* curving-tone: ''øø'' -> ''{{x|øo}}'' (and ''iøø'' -> ''{{x|iøo}}'')
* '''{{x|ae}}''', '''{{x|ao}}''': shortcuts for "a + ie" and "a + uo"
 
* '''{{x|øo}}''': shortcut for "øø"
[[File:ie, uo, ea, ae, ao.mp3|thumb|none|ie, uo, ea, ae, ao]]
* None of these apply with NFCs except: '''{{x|ym}}''', '''{{x|yn}}''', '''{{x|wn}}'''
[[File:y w ym yn wn.mp3|thumb|none|y, w, ym, yn, wn]]


{| class="wikitable"  
{| class="wikitable"  
! Vowel<sup>#</sup> !! Parts !! Substitution !! Example || Meaning
! Syll. Tail !! Shortcut !! Example || Meaning
|-  
|-  
| i<sup>2</sup>  || i + r || {{x|ie}} || {{x|lie}} || you
| if, ifm, ifn || {{x|y}}, {{x|ym}}, {{x|yn}} || {{x|ty}}, {{x|kym}}, {{x|cyn}} || pig, gold, very
|-  
|-  
| u<sup>2</sup>  || u + r || {{x|uo}} || {{x|kuo}} || (''of time'') long
| uf, ufn || {{x|w}}, {{x|wn}} || {{x|titw}}, {{x|zhwn}} || spider, springtime
|-  
|-  
| e<sup>2</sup>  || e + r || {{x|ea}}  || {{x|bea}} || horse
| ir || {{x|ie}}  || {{x|lie}} || you; ...
|-  
|-  
| ai<sup>2</sup>  || a + ie || {{x|ae}}  || {{x|hae}} || sea
| ur || {{x|uo}}  || {{x|kuo}} || (''of time'') long
|-  
|-  
| au<sup>2</sup>  || a + uo || {{x|ao}}  || {{x|kao}} || dog. nine
| er || {{x|ea}}  || {{x|boea}} || tail
|-  
|-  
| i<sup>1</sup>  || i + f || {{x|y}}  || {{x|y}}, {{x|yn}}, {{x|kym}} || he; she; it. they. gold
| air || {{x|ae}}  || {{x|hae}} || sea
|-  
|-  
| u<sup>1</sup>  || u + f || w || {{x|titw}}, {{x|zhwn}} || spider. spring season
| aur || {{x|ao}} || {{x|kao}} || dog. nine
|-  
|-  
| ø<sup>5</sup>  || ø + ø || {{x|øo}} || {{x|kiøo}} || bridge; eggplant
| øø || {{x|øo}} || {{x|kiøo}} || bridge; eggplant
|}
|}
[[File:lie,_kuo,_bea,_hae, kao.mp3|thumb|none|lie, kuo, bea, hae, kao]]
[[File:y yn kym titw zhwn.mp3|thumb|none|y, yn, kym, titw, zhwn]]
For shouting tone vowel + nasal final consonant, ''r'' is always used, e.g., ''{{x|irm}}'', ''{{x|iarm}}'', ''{{x|irn}}'', ''{{x|urn}}'', ''{{x|iern}}'', etc.
Now may be a good time to try your hand at the [[:File:Seven Tones of Taiwanese.pdf|''Seven Tones'']] chart.


=== Syllable structure ===
=== Syllable structure ===
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