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Hokkien numerals: Difference between revisions
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{{ | {{lead|Sorji|數字|Hokkien numerals|numbers in Taiwanese}} come in [[Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters|two different sets]]: | ||
== | * colloquial (''{{x|peh}}''): used the most | ||
[[File: sorji (peh).mp3|thumb|none|{{ | * literary (''{{x|buun}}''): mostly for [[tiexn'oe|telephone]] numbers and dates | ||
{{ | In normal speech, a mix of both types is used. Let's start with colloquial. | ||
== Colloquial numbers == | |||
[[File: sorji (peh).mp3|thumb|none|({{x|bøo}}), {{x|cit}}, {{x|nng}}, {{x|svaf}}, {{x|six}}, {{x|go}}, {{x|lak}}, {{x|chid}}, {{x|pøeq}}, {{x|kao}}, {{x|zap}}]] | |||
=== Cardinal numbers === | |||
To count "how many", "{{w|cardinal numbers}}" are used. Use the colloquial system (''cit'', ''nng'', ''svaf'') together with a [[measure word|classifier]] (the classifier will [[tone sandhi|change tone]] when spoken). For example, from ''[[Cidbøea Hii]]'': | |||
; cidbøea hii, nngxciaq køef, svazaang chiu'ar, ... | |||
: a tail of fish, a pair of chickens, three trees, ... | |||
'''{{x|Zap}}''' is '''10'''. From '''11''', use '''{{x|id}}''' and '''{{x|ji}}''', instead of '''cit''' & '''nng''', in the ones place. For example: | |||
; zab'id-bøea (11-bøea), zabji-ciaq (12-ciaq), zabsvaf-zaang (13-zaang), ... | |||
'''{{x|Jixzap}}''' is '''20'''. | |||
; jixzab'id-bøea (21-bøea), jixzabji-ciaq (22-ciaq), ... | |||
'''{{x|Paq}}''' is '''100'''. Count how many hundred with '''cit''', '''nng''', '''svaf'''. {{gt|Khoxng|空|[[0|zero]]}} is for the blank tens place. We omit the classifier below but don't forget to include it. | |||
; 100 {{x|cidpaq}}, 101 cidpaq-khoxng-id, 102 cidpaq-khoxng-ji, ... | |||
; 110 cidpaq-zap, 111 cidpaq-zab'id, 112 cidpaq-zabji, ... | |||
There are shortcuts when the ones place is blank: | |||
; 110 {{x|pah'id}}, 111 cidpaq-zab'id, 112 cidpaq-zabji, ... | |||
; 120 {{x|pahji}}, 121 cidpaq-jixzap-id, 122 cidpaq-jixzap-ji, ... | |||
As we said, the next hundreds place is counted with '''{{x|nng}}'''. | |||
; 200 {{x|nngxpaq}}, 201 nngxpaq-khoxng-id, 202 nngxpaq-khoxng-ji, ... | |||
; 210 nngxpaq-zap (nngxpaq-id?), 211 nngxpaq-zab'id, ... | |||
; 220 nngxpaq-jixzap (nngxpaq-ji?) | |||
Above '''200''', there's a shortcut using '''[[ar]]''' as a "weak form" of "hundred" (''{{x|paq}}'' -> ''{{x|aq}}'' -> ''ar''): | |||
; 210 ji-ar-id, 211 nngxpaq-zab'id, ... | |||
; 220 ji-ar-ji, 221 nngxpaq-jixzap-id, ... | |||
; 510 goxafid, 520 goxafji, ... (here [[5|go]] has changed tone before "ar", violating a [[tone sandhi]] exception) | |||
'''{{x|Zhefng}}''' is '''1000''': | |||
; 1000 {{x|cidzhefng}}, 1001 cidzhefng-khoxng-id, ... | |||
; 1100 {{x|zheng'id}} / cidzheng'id, 1101 cidzhefng-cidpaq-khoxng-id | |||
; 1200 zhefng-ji, 1201 cidzhefng-nngxpaq-khoxng-id, ... | |||
; 2000 {{x|nngxchiefn}} | |||
'''{{x|Ban}}''' is '''10000''': | |||
;{{ | ; 1,0000 {{x|cidban}}, 1,1000 cidbaxn'id, ..., 2,0000 nngxban, ... | ||
: 10,000, 11,000, ..., 20,000 | |||
; 2,2000 jixban-ji, ..., 3,0300 svaban-svapaq, ... | |||
'''{{x|Pahban}}''' (100,0000) is '''1,000,000'''. | |||
=== Ordinal numbers === | === Ordinal numbers === | ||
For [[ordinal numbers]], when the numerals are preceded by the prefix ' | For [[ordinal numbers]], when the numerals are preceded by the prefix {{gs|te|第}} (also seen as {{x|tøe}}): | ||
; {{x|te-1}} ({{x|tex'id}}), {{x|te-2}} ({{x|texji}}), {{x|te-3}} ({{x|texsvaf}}), {{x|te-4}}, {{x|te-5}}, ... | |||
: first, second, third, ... | |||
== Literary numbers == | |||
[[File:sorji (buun).mp3|thumb|none|literary: {{x|id}}, {{x|ji}}, {{x|safm}}, {{x|sux}}, {{x|gvor}}, {{x|liok}}, {{x|chid}}, {{x|pad}}, {{x|kiuo}}, {{x|sip}}]] | |||
{{HokkienLiteraryColloquial-Num}} | |||
=== Telephone digits === | === Telephone digits === | ||
Telephone digits are grouped according to certain rules and [[tone sandhi]] is applied. For example, | [[File:3945068.mp3|thumb|none|telephone number: 3945068]] | ||
Telephone digits are read using the literary system, with [[0]] read as ''khoxng''. The digits are grouped according to certain rules and [[tone sandhi]] is applied. For example, 3945068 is read: 394, 50, 68 (''samkiwsux, gvofkhoxng, liogpad''; ''safm-kiuo-sux, gvor-khoxng, liok-pad''; see ''[[Khax Tiexn'oe]]''). | |||
=== Date === | |||
The year is also read using the literary system. For example: 1998 is read: 19, 98-nii (''itkiuo, kiwpatnii''; see ''[[Jidkix Cidphvy]]''). | |||
== References == | |||
* [[Oong Iogteg]] (1972-3). 台湾語入門. Tōkyō | |||
** ''[http://www.edutech.org.tw/Text-Book/T-Jibbuun.htm Taioaan-oe Jibmngg (MLT-parn)]'' Liim Keahioong hoan'ek (2000). | |||
[[Category:Getting started]] | [[Category:Getting started]] | ||