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A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swadesh_list Swadesh list] is one of several lists of vocabulary with "basic" meanings, developed by Morris Swadesh in the 1940=9650s, which is used in lexicostatistics (quantitative language relatedness assessment) and glottochronology (language divergence dating).
#REDIRECT [[Swadesh List]]
 
See also [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Sino-Tibetan_Swadesh_lists Sino-Tibetan Swadesh lists] for a comparison of Mandarin, Cantonese, Amoy, Teochew, Hakka, and Burmese.
 
English word...POS...MTL...notes
#I...personal pronoun...goar...
#you(singular)...personal pronoun...lie...
#he...personal pronoun...y...
#we...personal pronoun...gurn/goarn...we (not including you)
**...larn...we (including you)
#you(plural)...personal pronoun...lirn...
#they...personal pronoun...yn...
#this...demonstrative pronoun...zef...
**...cit'ee...
#that...demonstrative pronoun...hef...
**...hit'ee...
#here...demonstrative pronoun...ciaf...
#there...demonstrative pronoun...hiaf...
#who...interrogative...sviaflaang...
**...siafng...contraction of sviaflaang
#what...interrogative...sviafmih...
**...symmih...
**...tQfcidee...which
#where...interrogative...tQfui...
#when...interrogative...symmih-sizun...what time
**...tangsii...
#how...interrogative...juhQo...formal
**...afnzvoar...informal
**...zvoafviu...in what way
#not......pud...literary
**...m...is not/does not
**...boe...is not able to
**...maix...do not (imperative)
**...bQo...does not have/did not
#all...quantifier...zoanpo...all of it
**...kuy...ex. all day
**...sofu...ex. all cars
**...lorng...ex. they all see it.
**...lofngzorng...ex. how many in all?
#many...quantifier...zoe...
#some...quantifier...cidkoar...
**...kuynaxee...
#few...quantifier...ciQr...
#other...quantifier...kithvaf...
**...padee...
#one...cardinal number...id...more than 10
**...cit...less than 10
#two...cardinal number...ji...
**...nng...
#three...cardinal number...svaf...
#four...cardinal number...six...
#five...cardinal number...go...
#big...adjective...toa...
#long...adjective...tngg...
#wide...adjective...khoafn...
#thick...adjective...kau...
#heavy...adjective...tang...
#small...adjective...soex...
#short...adjective...tQea...
#narrow...adjective...oeh...
#thin...adjective...pQh...
#woman...noun...lwjiin...formal
**...zabor...informal
#man(adult male)...noun...lamjiin...formal
**...zapof...informal
#man(human being)...noun...laang...
#child(a youth)...noun...gyn'ar...informal
**...jitoong...formal
#wife...noun...bor...
#husband...noun...afng...
#mother...noun...bwchyn/bQfchyn...literary
**...lauxbuo...
**...mamaf...
**...abuo...
#father...noun...huxchyn...literary
**...lauxpe...
**...papaf...
**...apaf...
#animal...noun...toxngbut...
#fish...noun...hii...
#bird...noun...ciao...
**...ciawar...
#dog...noun...kao...
**...kawar...
#louse...noun...sad...
**...satbuo...
#snake...noun...zoaa...
#worm...noun...thaang...
**...toxurn...earthworm
**...toxkurn...earthworm
#tree...noun...chiu...
**...chiu'ar (chiu-ar)...
#forest...noun...simliim...
**...chiuxnaa...
#stick...noun...chiuxky...tree branch
**...ki'ar...informal
#fruit...noun...zuykQr...
**...koefcie...
#seed...noun...zefngcie...
#leaf...noun...hiQh...
**...hiQqar...
#root...noun...kwn...
#bark...noun...chiuxphQee...
#flower...noun...hoef...
#grass...noun...zhao...
#rope...noun...sQq...
**...sQh'ar...
#skin...noun...phQee...
**...phQehw...
#meat...noun...baq...
#blood...noun...huiq...
**...hiet'ek...
#bone...noun...kud...
**...kutthaau...
#fat...noun...cihoong...academic
**...jixnngg...colloquial
#egg...noun...nng...
**...koenng...chicken egg
#horn...noun...kag...
#tail...noun...bQea...
**...bQefliw...
#feather...noun...ciawmngg...
#hair...noun...thaumngg...
#head...noun...thaau...affix
**...thaukhag...
#ear...noun...hvi...
**...hvi'ar (hvi-ar)...
**...hvixkhafng...
#eye...noun...bagciw...
#nose...noun...phvi...
**...phvi'ar (phvi-ar)...
#mouth...noun...zhuix...
#tooth...noun...zhuiekhie...
#tongue...noun...cih...
**...zhuiecih...
#fingernail...noun...zefngkaq...
#foot...noun...khaf...
#leg...noun...thuie...
#knee...noun...khathauw...
#hand...noun...chiuo...
#wing...noun...ek...literary
**...sit...
**...sidar...
**...sidkor...
#belly...noun...paktor...
#guts...noun...tng'ar...
#neck...noun...axmkurn...
#back...noun...khaciahphviaf...
#breast...noun...hiofng...chest (affix)
**...hiongpo...chest (academic)
**...hengkharm...chest (generic)
**...lengpoong...female organ
#heart...noun...simzong...
#liver...noun...kvoaf...affix
**...kvoazong...
#drink...verb...lym...
#eat...verb...ciah...
#bite...verb...ka...
#suck...verb...khib...affix
**...cip...sip
**...suq...suck
#spit...verb...phuix...generic
**...phuienoa...lit. spit saliva (informal)
**...phuiezhuienoa...lit. spit saliva (informal)
**...phuiethaam...lit. spit phlegm (informal)
#vomit...verb...ao...informal
**...thox...informal
**...awthox...formal
#blow...verb...zhef...
**...puun...
#breathe...verb...hokhib...academic (respire)
**...zhoafnkhuix...
#laugh...verb...chiQx...
#see...verb...khvoax...
#hear...verb...thviaf...
#know...verb...zay...
**...zaiviar...
**...pad...to recognize
#think...verb...sviu...
#smell...verb...phvi...
#fear...verb...kviaf...
#sleep...verb...khuxn...
#live...verb...oah...
#die...verb...sie...
#kill...verb...thaai...
#fight...verb...oankef...argue
**...siQphaq...fists
**...siQthaai...war
#hunt...verb...phahlah...
#hit...verb...phaq...
#cut...verb...koaq...cut in two
**...chied...slice
**...kaf...scissors
#split...verb...phoarkhuy...transitive split open
**...liqkhuy...intransitive split open
**...hunkhuy...split up
#stab...verb...chix...
**...zaan...
**...tuh...
#scratch...verb...pee...
#dig...verb...or...
**...oea...
**...iaq...
**...liuo...
**...kut...
#swim...verb...siuzuie...
#fly...verb...pef...
#walk...verb...kviaa...generic
**...kvialo...go on foot (informal)
**...poxheeng...go on foot (formal)
**...poxkviaa...go on foot (formal)
**...poxliern...go on foot (formal)
#come...verb...laai...
#lie...verb...tQr...horizontal
#sit...verb...ze...
#stand...verb...zam...affix
**...khia...
#turn...verb...oad...change direction
#fall...verb...laklQh...drop
#give...verb...ho...
#hold...verb...theh...
#squeeze...verb...lut...
#rub...verb...loarn...massage; knead
#wash...verb...soea...
#wipe...verb...chid...
#pull...verb...khiuo...
**...giuo...
#push...verb...sag...
#throw...verb...taxn...
#tie...verb...pak...
#sew...verb...paang...
**...thvi...
#count...verb...siaux...
#say...verb...korng...
#sing...verb...chviux...
#play...verb...sngr...
**...chitthQo...intransitive
#float...verb...phuu...
#flow...verb...laau...
#freeze...verb...kietpefng...
#swell...verb...phorngtoa...
#sun...noun...thaeioong...scientific
**...jidthaau...informal
#moon...noun...gQeqniuu...
#star...noun...chvy...
#water...noun...zuie...
#rain...noun...ho...
#river...noun...hQo...
#lake...noun...oo...
#sea...noun...hae...
#salt...noun...iaam...
#stone...noun...ciQh...affix
**...ciQqthaau...
#sand...noun...soaf...
#dust...noun...thohurn...
#earth...noun...texkiuu...planet
#cloud...noun...huun...
#fog...noun...bu...
#sky...noun...thvy...
#wind...noun...hofng...
#snow...noun...seq...
#ice...noun...pefng...
#smoke...noun...hwn...
#fire...noun...hea...
#ashes...noun...hef...ashes or dust
**...hefhw...
#burn...verb...hviaa...
#road...noun...lo...
#mountain...noun...svoaf...
#red...adjective...aang...
#green...adjective...lek...
**...chvy...
#yellow...adjective...ngg...
#white...adjective...peh...
#black...adjective...of...
#night...noun...armsii...
#day...noun...jidsii...
#year...noun...nii...
#warm...adjective...siQlQ...
#cold...adjective...kvoaa...
#full...adjective...boarn...
**...moar...
**...tvi...
#new...adjective...syn...
#old...adjective...lau...not young
**...ku...not new
#good...adjective...hQr...
#bad...adjective...phvae...
#rotten...adjective...aux...
**...zhaonoa...
#dirty...adjective...lahsab...
#straight...adjective...tit...
#round...adjective...vii...
#sharp...adjective...lai...
#dull...adjective...tun...
#smooth...adjective...kngkut...
#wet...adjective...sib...
**...taam...
#dry...adjective...taf...
#correct...adjective...tiQh...informal
**...zerngkhag...formal
#near...adjective...kun...
#far...adjective...hng...
#right...adjective...cviax...
#left...adjective...tQx...
#at...preposition...ti...
#in...preposition...ti...lai...
#with...conjunction...kab...
#and...conjunction...kab...
#if...conjunction...naxsi...
#because...conjunction...in'ui...
#name...noun...miaa...affix or generic
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