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Tone sandhi: Difference between revisions
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'''{{w|Tone sandhi}}''' ("sandhi" is from the Sanskrit word for "joining") is the change of [[Tones of Taiwanese|tone]] | '''{{w|Tone sandhi}}''' ("sandhi" is from the Sanskrit word for "joining") is the change of [[Tones of Taiwanese|tone]] based on the pronunciation of adjacent words or morphemes. | ||
* In Taiwanese, most syllables will have to change tone ({{x|pierntiau}}) depending on the surrounding words and grammatical function. The rules for this are extensive. Basically, it's a way to join syllables into words as well as to join larger units. | * In Taiwanese, most syllables will have to change tone ({{x|pierntiau}}) depending on the surrounding words and grammatical function. The rules for this are extensive. Basically, it's a way to join syllables into words as well as to join larger units. | ||
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== Examples in Modern Literal Taiwanese == | == Examples in Modern Literal Taiwanese == | ||
In MLT, multisyllabic words are written with tone sandhi | In [[MLT]], most multisyllabic words are written with internal tones already changed. This way, the spelling explicitly reflects tone sandhi and thus grammar. For example: | ||
* {{x| | * {{x|chviar}}-{{x|mng}} → {{x|chviaf'mng}} → {{x|chviafmng}} | ||
* {{x| | * {{x|køea}}-{{x|cie}} → {{x|køef'cie}} → {{x|køefcie}} | ||
* {{x| | * {{x|siør}}-{{x|ciar}} → {{x|siøf'ciar}} → {{x|siøfciar}} | ||
Try using the [[MTL Toolbox]] to | Try using the [[MTL Toolbox]] to "unjoin" these example words into the original syllables: | ||
* {{x|bahzaxng}} | |||
* {{x|Taioaan}} | * {{x|Taioaan}} | ||
* {{x|hibang}} | * {{x|hibang}} (See [[MTL words with double reverse mapping]] for more post-tone-sandhi homophones.) | ||
See [[MTL words with double reverse mapping]] for more post-tone-sandhi homophones. | Of course, there is still plenty of tone change that is not explicitly written. | ||
==Exceptions== | ==Exceptions== | ||
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* some compound words: [[tøe-tang]], [[thvy-kngf]], {{x|sym-sngf}} | * some compound words: [[tøe-tang]], [[thvy-kngf]], {{x|sym-sngf}} | ||
==Further details== | == Further details == | ||
* more | * more details on double tone sandhi, cases involving suffix ''[[ar]]'' ({{x|仔}}), and adjective [[triplication]] can be found at Wikipedia: {{w|Taiwanese Hokkien#Tone sandhi}} | ||
* syllables ending in "[[h]]" are usually pronounced in [[shouting tone]], such as in {{x|bahzaxng}}, but not {{x|bøeq}} | * syllables ending in "[[h]]" are usually pronounced in [[shouting tone]], such as in {{x|bahzaxng}}, but not {{x|bøeq}} | ||
* [[khix (toxngsuu)|khix]] ("to go") is usually treated as if originally "khiq" | * [[khix (toxngsuu)|khix]] ("to go") is usually treated as if originally "khiq" | ||