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Tone sandhi: Difference between revisions
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'''{{w|Tone sandhi}}''' ("sandhi" is from the Sanskrit word for "joining") is the change of tone | '''{{w|Tone sandhi}}''' ("sandhi" is from the Sanskrit word for "joining") is the change of [[Tones of Taiwanese|tone]] based on the pronunciation of adjacent words or morphemes. | ||
* In Taiwanese, most syllables will have to change | * In Taiwanese, most syllables will have to change tone ({{x|pierntiau}}) depending on the surrounding words and grammatical function. The rules for this are extensive. Basically, it's a way to join syllables into words as well as to join larger units. | ||
* Almost all verbs and adjectives will change tone to "join" them to whatever is coming next in the sentence, if present. | * Almost all verbs and adjectives will change tone to "join" them to whatever is coming next in the sentence, if present. | ||
* The final syllable in a noun doesn't change tone, as long as it's standing alone. (If it's being used as an adjective, see above.) | * The final syllable in a noun doesn't change tone, as long as it's standing alone. (If it's being used as an adjective, see above.) | ||
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We admit this is a simplification. Please see {{w|Taiwanese Hokkien#Tone sandhi}} for a more detailed explanation. | We admit this is a simplification. Please see {{w|Taiwanese Hokkien#Tone sandhi}} for a more detailed explanation. | ||
==Examples== | == Examples in Modern Literal Taiwanese == | ||
* {{x| | In [[MLT]], most multisyllabic words are written with internal tones already changed. This way, the spelling explicitly reflects tone sandhi and thus grammar. For example: | ||
* {{x|chviar}}-{{x|mng}} → {{x|chviaf'mng}} → {{x|chviafmng}} | |||
* {{x|køea}}-{{x|cie}} → {{x|køef'cie}} → {{x|køefcie}} | |||
* {{x|siør}}-{{x|ciar}} → {{x|siøf'ciar}} → {{x|siøfciar}} | |||
* {{x| | |||
Try using the [[MTL Toolbox]] to "unjoin" these example words into the original syllables: | |||
* {{x|bahzaxng}} | |||
* {{x|Taioaan}} | |||
* {{x|hibang}} (See [[MTL words with double reverse mapping]] for more post-tone-sandhi homophones.) | |||
Of course, there is still plenty of tone change that is not explicitly written. | |||
==Exceptions== | ==Exceptions== | ||
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* [[basic tone]] + [[ar]]. (The basic tone syllable is excepted). | * [[basic tone]] + [[ar]]. (The basic tone syllable is excepted). | ||
* surnames before ''{{x|siensvy}}'': {{XL|Taan}}`siensvy | * surnames before ''{{x|siensvy}}'': {{XL|Taan}}`siensvy | ||
* some compound words: [[tøe-tang]], [[thvy-kngf]], {{x|sym-sngf}} | |||
==Further details== | == Further details == | ||
* more | * more details on double tone sandhi, cases involving suffix ''[[ar]]'' ({{x|仔}}), and adjective [[triplication]] can be found at Wikipedia: {{w|Taiwanese Hokkien#Tone sandhi}} | ||
* syllables ending in "[[h]]" are usually pronounced in [[shouting tone]], such as in {{x|bahzaxng}}, but not {{x|bøeq}} | * syllables ending in "[[h]]" are usually pronounced in [[shouting tone]], such as in {{x|bahzaxng}}, but not {{x|bøeq}} | ||
* [[khix (toxngsuu)|khix]] ("to go") is usually treated as if originally "khiq" | * [[khix (toxngsuu)|khix]] ("to go") is usually treated as if originally "khiq" | ||