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'''Tone sandhi''' ([[Zoafntiau]]) in Taiwanese is the process of altering the [[Tones of Taiwanese|tone]] of a syllable depending on the surrounding words and grammatical function. Most nouns in Taiwanese do not change tone. However, almost all verbs and adjectives do change tone when not at the end of a phrase. | '''Tone sandhi''' ([[Zoafntiau]]) in [[Taiguo|Taiwanese]] is the process of altering the [[Tones of Taiwanese|tone]] of a syllable depending on the surrounding words and grammatical function. Most nouns in Taiwanese do not change tone. However, almost all verbs and adjectives do change tone when not at the end of a phrase. | ||
==Basic Rules (Tone Circle)== | ==Basic Rules (Tone Circle)== | ||
* If the original tone number is '''5''' ([[curving-up tone]]), pronounce it as tone number '''7''' (basic). | * If the original tone number is '''5''' ([[curving-up tone]]), pronounce it as tone number '''7''' (basic). (see [[Ciangciw-oe]]) | ||
* If the original tone number is '''7''' ([[basic tone]]), pronounce it as tone number '''3''' (low falling). | * If the original tone number is '''7''' ([[basic tone]]), pronounce it as tone number '''3''' (low falling). | ||
* If the original tone number is '''3''' ([[low tone]]), pronounce it as tone number '''2''' (shouting out). | * If the original tone number is '''3''' ([[low tone]]), pronounce it as tone number '''2''' (shouting out). | ||
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==Examples== | ==Examples== | ||
*{{tts|køf}} + {{tts|hioong}} = {{tts|Køhioong}} | *{{tts|køf}} + {{tts|hioong}} = {{tts|[[Køhioong]]}} | ||
*{{tts|tvar}} + {{tts|kao}} = {{tts|Tvafkao | *{{tts|tvar}} + {{tts|kao}} = {{tts|[[Tvafkao]]}} | ||
*{{tts|baq}} + {{tts|zaxng}} = {{tts|[[bahzaxng]]}} | |||
*{{tts|baq}} + {{tts|zaxng}} = {{tts|bahzaxng}} | *{{tts|Taai}} + {{tts|oaan}} = {{tts|[[Taioaan]]}} | ||
*{{tts|Taai}} + {{tts|oaan}} = {{tts| | *{{tts|ki}} + {{tts|zhvef}} = {{tts|[[kixzhvef]]}} | ||
*{{tts|ki}} + {{tts|zhvef}} = {{tts| | *{{tts|bak}} + {{tts|ciw}} = {{tts|[[bagciw]]}} | ||
*{{tts|bak}} + {{tts|ciw}} = {{tts|bagciw}} | |||
==Exceptions== | ==Exceptions== | ||
*most nouns | *most nouns | ||
*ciaf, hiaf, zef, hef, ciahniq', hiahniq' | *ciaf, hiaf, zef, hef, ciahniq', hiahniq' | ||
*[[symmih]], [[ | *[[symmih]], [[ui symmih]], (see [[Taiguo_Siong'iong_460-ji#Demonstrative_pronouns]]) | ||
*basic+[[ar]]. (The basic tone syllable is excepted). | *basic+[[ar]]. (The basic tone syllable is excepted). | ||
*surnames before ''{{tts|siensvy}}'': {{tts|Taan`siensvy}} | |||
==Further details== | ==Further details== | ||
*syllables ending in "[[h]]" are usually pronounced in [[shouting tone]], such as in {{tts|bahzaxng}}, but not {{tts| | * more detailed rules have been posted at Wikipedia: {{w|Taiwanese Hokkien#Tone sandhi}}, esp. special cases involving suffix ''ar'' (仔) and [[triplication]] | ||
*syllables ending in "[[h]]" are usually pronounced in [[shouting tone]], such as in {{tts|bahzaxng}}, but not {{tts|beq}} | |||
*[[khix (toxngsuu)]] is usually treated as if originally "khiq" | *[[khix (toxngsuu)]] is usually treated as if originally "khiq" | ||
== External Links == | == External Links == | ||
*{{w|Tone sandhi}} | *Wikipedia: {{w|Tone sandhi}} | ||
== SK == | == SK == | ||
*[[Zoanciw-oe]] | *[[Zoanciw-oe]] | ||
*[[Tones of Taiwanese]] | *[[Tones of Taiwanese]] | ||
[[Category:gwimhak]] | |||
[[Category: Tones of Taiwanese]] | |||