Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji: Difference between revisions

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Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji (view source)

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→‎Auxiliary verbs: e (toxngsuu)
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Main article: [[Personal pronouns]]
Main article: [[Personal pronouns]]


[http://taigie.taioaan.org/english/audio/460A.mp3 Listen]
[[File:460A.mp3]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || Hoaguo || Engguo
! MTL || THJ || Hoaguo || Engguo
|-
|-
| {{tts|goar|r=2}} ||我||我||I; me
| {{tx|goar|r=2}} ||我||我||I; me
|-
|-
| {{tts|gurn|r=2}} ||{{tj|阮}}||我們/我的||we; us; (not including listener)
| {{tx|gurn|r=2}} ||{{tj|阮}}||我們/我的||we; us; (not including listener)
|-
|-
| {{tts|goarn|r=2}} ||{{tj|阮}}||我/我們/我等/咱們||we; us; (not including listener)
| {{tx|goarn|r=2}} ||{{tj|阮}}||我/我們/我等/咱們||we; us; (not including listener)
|-
|-
| {{tts|[[kaki]]|r=2}} ||{{wt|家己}}||自己||self
| {{tx|[[kaki]]|r=2}} ||{{wt|家己}}||自己||self
|-
|-
| {{tts|larn|r=2}} ||{{tj|咱}}||我們/咱||we; us; (includes listener)
| {{tx|larn|r=2}} ||{{tj|咱}}||我們/咱||we; us; (includes listener)
|-
|-
| {{tts|lie|r=2}} ||{{wt|汝}}/{{tj|你}}/妳||你/妳/汝||you
| {{tx|lie|r=2}} ||{{wt|汝}}/{{tj|你}}/妳||你/妳/汝||you
|-
|-
| {{tts|lirn|r=2}} ||{{tj|恁}}||你們/你的/你們的||you (plural/exclusive)
| {{tx|lirn|r=2}} ||{{tj|恁}}||你們/你的/你們的||you (plural/exclusive)
|-
|-
| {{tts|tag'ee|r=2}} ||{{wt|逐个}}||各個/每個||everybody
| {{tx|tag'ee|r=2}} ||{{wt|逐个}}||各個/每個||everybody
|-
|-
| {{tts|[[taixkef]]|r=2}} ||{{wt|大家}}||大家||everybody; all the people
| {{tx|[[taixkef]]|r=2}} ||{{wt|大家}}||大家||everybody; all the people
|-
|-
| {{tts|y|r=2}} ||{{wt|伊}}||他/她/祂||he; she; it; his; her
| {{tx|y|r=2}} ||{{wt|伊}}||他/她/祂||he; she; it; his; her
|-
|-
| {{tts|yn|r=2}} ||{{tj|𪜶}} ||他們/他的||they; them
| {{tx|yn|r=2}} ||{{tj|𪜶}} ||他們/他的||they; them
|}
|}


== Demonstrative pronouns ==
== Demonstrative pronouns ==
[http://taigie.taioaan.org/english/audio/460B.mp3 Listen]
[[File:460B.mp3]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
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| {{x2|ciaf}}^ ||{{tj|遮}}||這裡||here
| {{x2|ciaf}}^ ||{{tj|遮}}||這裡||here
|-
|-
| {{x2|ciah'ee}} / {{x2|ciafee}} / {{x2|ciaf`ee}} ||{{tj|遮的}}||這些||these
| {{x2|ciah'ee}} ({{x2|ciaf`ee}})  ||{{tj|遮的}}||這些||these
|-
|-
| ciahniq' ||{{tj|遮爾}} ||這麼||such; so
| {{x|ciahniq}}' ({{x|ciahni}}) ||{{tj|遮爾}} ||這麼||such; so
|-
|-
| {{x2|cit'ee}} || cit个 ||這個||this one
| {{x2|cit'ee}} ({{x|cid}} ee) || cit个 ||這個||this one
|-
|-
| {{x2|citkhoarn}} ||cit款 ||這種/這樣||this kind of
| {{x2|citkhoarn}} ||cit款 ||這種/這樣||this kind of
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| {{x2|hef}}^ ||{{tj|彼}} ||那||that one
| {{x2|hef}}^ ||{{tj|彼}} ||那||that one
|-
|-
| {{x2|hiah'ee}} / {{x2|hiaf`ee}} ||{{tj|遐的}} ||那些||those
| {{x2|hiah'ee}} ({{x2|hiaf`ee}}) ||{{tj|遐的}} ||那些||those
|-
|-
| {{x2|hiaf}}^ ||{{tj|遐}} ||那裡||there
| {{x2|hiaf}}^ ||{{tj|遐}} ||那裡||there
|-
|-
| {{x2|hiahniq'}} / {{x2|hiahni}} ||{{tj|遐爾}} ||那麼||in that way
| {{x2|hiahniq}}' / {{x2|hiahni}} ||{{tj|遐爾}} ||那麼||in that way
|-
|-
| {{x2|hit'ee}} ||{{ptj|彼个}} ||那個||that one
| {{x2|hit'ee}} ||{{ptj|彼个}} ||那個||that one
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[[Tone sandhi]] exceptions:  
[[Tone sandhi]] exceptions:  
*^: words that never change tone.
* ^: words that never change tone.
*': words ending with [[vertical typewriter apostrophe|apostrophe]], which will be directly followed by another word with no space.
* ': words ending with [[vertical typewriter apostrophe|apostrophe]], which will be directly followed by another word with no space.


== Interrogative pronouns ==
== Interrogative pronouns ==
[http://taigie.taioaan.org/english/audio/460C.mp3 Listen]
[[File:460C.mp3]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
|-
| {{x2|joaxkuo}} || {{ptj|偌久}} ||多久 ||how long
| {{x|joaxkuo}} || {{ptj|偌久}} ||多久 ||how long
|-
|-
| joaxtoa || {{ptj|偌大}} ||多大 ||how big
| {{x|joaxtoa}} (goaxtoa) || {{ptj|偌大}} ||多大 ||how big
|-
|-
| [[joaxze]] (joaxzøe) ||{{tj|偌濟}} ||多少 ||how many; how much
| [[joaxze]] ({{x|goaxze}}) ||{{tj|偌濟}} ||多少 ||how many; how much
|-
|-
| kuyee ||幾个 ||幾個 ||how many
| {{x|kuyee}} ||幾个 ||幾個 ||how many
|-
|-
| kuyjit ||幾日 ||幾日 ||how many days
| {{x|kuyjit}} ||幾日 ||幾日 ||how many days
|-
|-
| kuykafng ||{{wt|幾工}} ||幾天 ||how many days
| {{x|kuykafng}} ||{{wt|幾工}} ||幾天 ||how many days
|-
|-
| kuytiarm ||幾點 ||幾點 ||what time it is
| {{x|kuytiarm}} ||幾點 ||幾點 ||what time it is
|-
|-
| nar ||{{tj|哪}} ||怎 ||how; why; what
| {{x|nar}} ||{{tj|哪}} ||怎 ||how; why; what
|-
|-
| nar e ({{x2|naføe}}) ||{{tj|哪會}} ||怎會 ||how come; how could this be possible
| {{x|nar e}} ({{x|naføe}}) ||{{tj|哪會}} ||怎會 ||how come; how could this be possible
|-
|-
| sviafhoex ({{x2|sviafhøex}}) || {{ptj|啥貨|sviaf貨}} ||甚麼/什麼東西 ||what
| {{x|sviafhoex}} ({{x|sviafhøex}}) || {{ptj|啥貨|sviaf貨}} ||甚麼/什麼東西 ||what
|-
|-
| sviaflaang ||{{tj|啥人}} ||哪個/孰/誰/誰人/誰個 ||who
| {{x|sviaflaang}} ||{{tj|啥人}} ||哪個/孰/誰/誰人/誰個 ||who
|-
|-
| sviar ||{{tj|啥}} ||甚 ||what
| {{x|sviar}} ||{{tj|啥}} ||甚 ||what
|-
|-
| [[symmih]]^ / sviafmih || {{ptj|啥物|sym物}} ||什麼 ||what
| [[symmih]]^ ({{x|sviafmih}}) || {{ptj|啥物|sym物}} ||什麼 ||what
|-
|-
| symmih'laang ||sym物laang ||什麼人 ||who
| {{x|symmih'laang}} ({{x|sviaflaang}}) ||sym物laang ||什麼人 ||who
|-
|-
| tafcidee / tøfcidee || {{ptj|佗一个|tøfcid个}} ||哪一個 ||which one
| {{x|tafcidee}} ({{x|tøfcidee}}) || {{ptj|佗一个|tøfcid个}} ||哪一個 ||which one
|-
|-
| tafcidhang / tøfcidhang ||tøfcid項 ||哪一項 ||which item
| {{x|tafcidhang}} ({{x|tøfcidhang}}) ||tøfcid項 ||哪一項 ||which item
|-
|-
| tafcidui / tøfcidui ||tøfcid位 ||哪一位 ||which one
| {{x|tafcidui}} ({{x|tøfcidui}}) ||tøfcid位 ||哪一位 ||which one
|-
|-
| tangsii ||{{wt|當時}} ||何時 ||when
| {{x|tangsii}} ||{{wt|當時}} ||何時 ||when
|-
|-
| tafui / [[tøfui]] || {{ptj|佗位|tøf位}} ||那裡 ||where
| {{x|tafui}} ([[tøfui]]) || {{ptj|佗位|tøf位}} ||那裡 ||where
|-
|-
| uixhøo ||{{wt|為何}} ||因何/為什麼/為何 ||why; for what
| {{x|uixhøo}} ||{{wt|為何}} ||因何/為什麼/為何 ||why; for what
|-
|-
| uixsymmih^ / ui symmih^ || {{ptj|為甚物|為sym物}} ||為什麼 ||why; for what. see ''[[sixafnzvoar]]''
| {{x|uixsymmih}}^ (ui symmih)^ || {{ptj|為甚物|為sym物}} ||為什麼 ||why; for what. see ''[[sixafnzvoar]]''
|}
|}


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| [[bextaxng]] || {{ptj|袂當}} ||未為/不能||it can not be; be not able to
| [[bextaxng]] || {{ptj|袂當}} ||未為/不能||it can not be; be not able to
|-
|-
| e ([[øe]]) ||{{tj|會}} ||會/能||be able and willing to
| [[e (toxngsuu)|e]] ||{{tj|會}} ||會/能||be able and willing to
|-
|-
| [[exhiao]]|| {{ptj|會曉}} ||能曉/會  ||know
| [[exhiao]]|| {{ptj|會曉}} ||能曉/會  ||know
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| [[extaxng]] ||{{ptj|會當}} ||能為/可以||be able to
| [[extaxng]] ||{{ptj|會當}} ||能為/可以||be able to
|-
|-
| {{x2|extitthafng}} ||{{ptj|會得通}} ||可以||it can be; be able to
| {{x|extitthafng}} ||{{ptj|會得通}} ||可以||it can be; be able to
|-
|-
| laai||{{wt|來}} ||來||let’s ; come
| laai||{{wt|來}} ||來||let’s ; come
|-
|-
| m||{{tj|毋}} ||不||not
| m ||{{tj|毋}} ||不||not
|-
|-
| [[maix]]||{{tj|莫}} ||勿/毋||do not
| [[maix]]||{{tj|莫}} ||勿/毋||do not
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== Suffix particles indicating mood ==
== Suffix particles indicating mood ==
''See also'': [[Twenty-seven words beginning with the grave accent]]
{{tts|Listen|par`aq.  par`ax.  par`boe.  par`bøo.  par`hvoq.  par`jiblaai.  par`jibkhix.  jip`laai.  jip`khix.  khix`aq.  par`khylaai.  par`khykhix.  par`khylix.  exsae`tid. khvoarmai.  laq.  leq.  løq.  par`løqkhix.  par`løqlaai.  oq.  tiøh}}
{{tts|Listen|par`aq.  par`ax.  par`boe.  par`bøo.  par`hvoq.  par`jiblaai.  par`jibkhix.  jip`laai.  jip`khix.  khix`aq.  par`khylaai.  par`khykhix.  par`khylix.  exsae`tid. khvoarmai.  laq.  leq.  løq.  par`løqkhix.  par`løqlaai.  oq.  tiøh}}


Line 912: Line 914:
See also: [[sikafn]]
See also: [[sikafn]]


{{tts|Listen|armsii.  armthau'ar.  au`jit.  auxjit. bin'afzaix.  mia'afzaix.  bømii-bøjit.  cidtiafm'afkuo.  cidtiap'afkuo.  cirnzeeng.  citmar.  citzun.  ehngf.  eng'axm.  etaux.  expof.  extaux.  hiexntai.  hiøhjoah.  hiøhkvoaa.  jit`sii.  joaqthvy.  khahtheng'ar.  kin'afjit.  kinnii.  kofzar.  køeakhix.  kuxnii.  kvoathvy.  Lefpaix-jit.  Paix-id.  Paix-ji.  Paix-svaf.  Paix-six.  Paix-go.  Paix-lak.  sincviaf.  tangthvy.  thao'axm.  thaomii.  thaozar.  thaozar-thao'axm.  thautwar.  thvikngf.  tiongtaux.  tviaxtvia.  twciaq.  za'axm.  zafban.  zafkhie.  zahngf.  zhunthvy.  zøjit.  zuun`nii}}
{{tts|Listen|armsii.  armthau'ar.  au`jit.  auxjit. bin'afzaix.  mia'afzaix.  bømii-bøjit.  cidtiafm'afkuo.  cidtiap'afkuo.  cirnzeeng.  citmar.  citzun.  ehngf.  eng'axm.  etaux.  expof.  extaux.  hiexntai.  hiøhjoah.  hiøhkvoaa.  jit`sii.  joaqthvy.  khahtheng'ar.  kin'afjit.  kinnii.  koeakhix.  kofzar.  kuxnii.  kvoathvy.  Lefpaix-jit.  Paix-id.  Paix-ji.  Paix-svaf.  Paix-six.  Paix-go.  Paix-lak.  sincviaf.  tangthvy.  thao'axm.  thaomii.  thaozar.  thaozar-thao'axm.  thautwar.  thvikngf.  tiongtaux.  tviaxtvia.  twciaq.  za'axm.  zafban.  zafkhie.  zahngf.  zhunthvy.  zøjit.  zuun`nii}}


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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|-
|-
| kinnii||{{wt|今年}}||||this year
| kinnii||{{wt|今年}}||||this year
|-
| [[koeakhix]]||{{wt|過去}}||||in the past
|-
|-
| {{x|kofzar}} ||{{wt|古早}}||||long long ago
| {{x|kofzar}} ||{{wt|古早}}||||long long ago
|-
| [[køeakhix]]||{{wt|過去}}||||in the past
|-
|-
| kuxnii||{{wt|舊年}}||||last year
| kuxnii||{{wt|舊年}}||||last year
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