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Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji: Difference between revisions
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→Demonstrative pronouns: sp ciaf`ee
(→Personal pronouns: tts) |
(→Demonstrative pronouns: sp ciaf`ee) |
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'''{{ | '''{{tts|Taiguo Siong'iong 460 ji|Taiguo Siong'iong siepaq lagzap ji}}''' (台語常用460字; 460 Common Taiwanese Words) written in [[MTL]] with [[Engguo|English]] definitions. Source: [http://learntaiwanese.org/english/misc/460ji.htm Taiguo Siong’iong 460-ji] (台語文協會/2004年黃美雲整理) Note: the Taiwanese [[Harnji]] shown are not necessarily standard. | ||
== Personal pronouns == | == Personal pronouns == | ||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
| {{tts|goarn|r=2}} ||{{tj|阮}}||我/我們/我等/咱們||we; us; (not including listener) | | {{tts|goarn|r=2}} ||{{tj|阮}}||我/我們/我等/咱們||we; us; (not including listener) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{tts|[[kaki]]|r=2}} ||家己||自己||self | | {{tts|[[kaki]]|r=2}} ||{{wt|家己}}||自己||self | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{tts|larn|r=2}} ||{{tj|咱}}||我們/咱||we; us; (includes listener) | | {{tts|larn|r=2}} ||{{tj|咱}}||我們/咱||we; us; (includes listener) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{tts|lie|r=2}} ||{{tj|你}}/妳||你/妳/汝||you | | {{tts|lie|r=2}} ||{{wt|汝}}/{{tj|你}}/妳||你/妳/汝||you | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{tts|lirn|r=2}} ||{{tj|恁}}||你們/你的/你們的||you (plural/exclusive) | | {{tts|lirn|r=2}} ||{{tj|恁}}||你們/你的/你們的||you (plural/exclusive) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{tts|tag'ee|r=2}} || | | {{tts|tag'ee|r=2}} ||{{wt|逐个}}||各個/每個||everybody | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{tts|[[taixkef]]|r=2}} ||大家||大家||everybody; all the people | | {{tts|[[taixkef]]|r=2}} ||{{wt|大家}}||大家||everybody; all the people | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{tts|y|r=2}} ||伊||他/她/祂||he; she; it; his; her | | {{tts|y|r=2}} ||{{wt|伊}}||他/她/祂||he; she; it; his; her | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{tts|yn|r=2}} ||{{tj| | | {{tts|yn|r=2}} ||{{tj|𪜶}} ||他們/他的||they; them | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 36: | Line 36: | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| cidee|| cid个 ||一個||one | | {{x|cidee}} || cid个 ||一個||one | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ciaf^||{{tj|遮}}||這裡||here | | {{x|ciaf}}^ ||{{tj|遮}}||這裡||here | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ciah'ee/ciafee||{{tj|遮的}}||這些||these | | {{x|ciah'ee}} / {{x|ciafee}} / {{x2|ciaf`ee}} ||{{tj|遮的}}||這些||these | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ciahniq'||{{tj|遮爾}} ||這麼||such; so | | ciahniq' ||{{tj|遮爾}} ||這麼||such; so | ||
|- | |- | ||
| cit'ee|| cit个 ||這個||this one | | {{x|cit'ee}} || cit个 ||這個||this one | ||
|- | |- | ||
| citkhoarn||cit款 ||這種/這樣||this kind of | | {{x|citkhoarn}} ||cit款 ||這種/這樣||this kind of | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hef^||{{tj|彼}} ||那||that one | | {{x|hef}}^ ||{{tj|彼}} ||那||that one | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hiah'ee/hiaf`ee||{{tj|遐的}} ||那些||those | | {{x|hiah'ee}} / {{x|hiaf`ee}} ||{{tj|遐的}} ||那些||those | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hiaf^||{{tj|遐}} ||那裡||there | | {{x|hiaf}}^ ||{{tj|遐}} ||那裡||there | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hiahniq'/hiahni||{{tj|遐爾}} ||那麼||in that way | | {{x|hiahniq'}} / {{x|hiahni}} ||{{tj|遐爾}} ||那麼||in that way | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hit'ee|| | | {{x|hit'ee}} ||{{ptj|彼个}} ||那個||that one | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hitkhoarn|| | | {{x|hitkhoarn}} ||{{ptj|彼款}} ||那款||that kind of | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sviafkhoarn|| | | {{x|sviafkhoarn}} ||{{ptj|啥款}} ||怎麼樣||what kind | ||
|- | |- | ||
| symmih'khoarn||symmih款 ||什麼樣||what do you think | | {{x|symmih'khoarn}} ||symmih款 ||什麼樣||what do you think | ||
|- | |- | ||
| zef^||{{tj|這}}||這||this one | | {{x|zef}}^ ||{{tj|這}}||這||this one | ||
|} | |} | ||
[[Tone sandhi]] exceptions: | [[Tone sandhi]] exceptions: | ||
*^: | *^: words that never change tone. | ||
*': words ending with [[vertical typewriter apostrophe|apostrophe]], which will be directly followed by another word with no space. | *': words ending with [[vertical typewriter apostrophe|apostrophe]], which will be directly followed by another word with no space. | ||
| Line 76: | Line 76: | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| joaxkuo||joax久/{{ptj|偌久}} ||多久||how long | | {{tx|joaxkuo}}||joax久/{{ptj|偌久}} ||多久||how long | ||
|- | |- | ||
| joaxtoa||joax大/{{ptj|偌大}}||多大||how big | | joaxtoa||joax大/{{ptj|偌大}}||多大||how big | ||
|- | |- | ||
| joaxzøe||{{tj|偌濟}}||多少||how many; how much | | [[joaxzøe]]||{{tj|偌濟}}||多少||how many; how much | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kuyee||幾个||幾個||how many | | kuyee||幾个||幾個||how many | ||
| Line 120: | Line 120: | ||
== Conjunctions == | == Conjunctions == | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|afnny,afnzvoar,ar,chinchviu,citmar,hafntid,hQfkazaix,iar,in'ui/sofie,kab,kiafmzhae,kaxngkhoarn,koputciofng,lofngzorng,ma,mxbiern,mxkuo,mxna,na,suxnsoax,pwntQea,taxnsi,tiaukafng,tiaukorix,tvaf,twciaq}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 145: | Line 145: | ||
| kab||{{bt|佮}}||和||and; with | | kab||{{bt|佮}}||和||and; with | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kiafmzhae||{{ | | {{tx|kiafmzhae}}||{{wt|檢采}}/減采||{{wt|假使}}||perhaps | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kaxngkhoarn||kaxng款/{{ptj|仝款}}/共款 ||一樣/同樣/相同/相像||same ; similar | | kaxngkhoarn||kaxng款/{{ptj|仝款}}/共款 ||一樣/同樣/相同/相像||same ; similar | ||
| Line 179: | Line 179: | ||
== Auxiliary verbs == | == Auxiliary verbs == | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|aix,borng,bøe,bøeq,bøexhiao,bøexsae,bøextaxng,laai,m,maix,mxthafng,øe,øexhiao,øexsae,øextaxng,øextitthafng,phvae,thafng,tiøqaix}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 192: | Line 192: | ||
| bøeq||{{tj|欲}} ||要/如果/快要||want; like | | bøeq||{{tj|欲}} ||要/如果/快要||want; like | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bøexhiao||bøex曉/{{ptj|袂曉}} ||不會||don’t know | | [[bøexhiao]]||bøex曉/{{ptj|袂曉}} ||不會||don’t know | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bøexsae||bøex使/{{ptj|袂使}} ||不可以||it can not be; be not able to | | [[bøexsae]]||bøex使/{{ptj|袂使}} ||不可以||it can not be; be not able to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bøextaxng||bøex當/{{ptj|袂當}} ||未為/不能||it can not be; be not able to | | [[bøextaxng]]||bøex當/{{ptj|袂當}} ||未為/不能||it can not be; be not able to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| laai||{{wt|來}} ||來||let’s ; come | | laai||{{wt|來}} ||來||let’s ; come | ||
| Line 208: | Line 208: | ||
| [[øe]]||{{tj|會}} ||會/能||be able and willing to | | [[øe]]||{{tj|會}} ||會/能||be able and willing to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| øexhiao||øex曉/{{ptj|會曉}} ||能曉/會 ||know | | [[øexhiao]]||øex曉/{{ptj|會曉}} ||能曉/會 ||know | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[øexsae]]||øex使/{{ptj|會使}} ||能使/可以||it may | | [[øexsae]]||øex使/{{ptj|會使}} ||能使/可以||it may | ||
|- | |- | ||
| øextaxng||øex當/{{ptj|會當}} ||能為/可以||be able to | | [[øextaxng]]||øex當/{{ptj|會當}} ||能為/可以||be able to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| øextitthafng||øex得通/{{ptj|會得通}} ||可以||it can be; be able to | | øextitthafng||øex得通/{{ptj|會得通}} ||可以||it can be; be able to | ||
| Line 228: | Line 228: | ||
See also: [[Huosuu]] | See also: [[Huosuu]] | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|bøo-tviutii,ciog,ciu,cyn,cviaa,iao,iawbøe,juo...juo,kaix,kaq,kantvaf,khaq,køhkhaq,køq,kuikhix,liampvy,lorng,luo...luo,niaxnia,siong,sioxngkaix,suii,svakab,sviw,teq,thaix,thaothaux,tø,tvaf hai`aq,twtwafhør}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bøo-tviutii|| | | bøo-tviutii||{{ptj|無張持|bø張持}}||沒注意/不小心||unexpectedly (see {{x|hutjieen}}) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ciog||{{wt|足}}||足/很||very; very much | | ciog||{{wt|足}}||足/很||very; very much | ||
| Line 245: | Line 245: | ||
| iao||{{tj|猶}} ||還/尚|| still; yet | | iao||{{tj|猶}} ||還/尚|| still; yet | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[iawbøe]]|| | | [[iawbøe]]||{{ptj|猶未|iaw未}} ||尚未||not yet | ||
|- | |- | ||
| juo...juo||愈…愈 ({{wt|愈}})||愈…愈||the more…the more | | juo...juo||愈…愈 ({{wt|愈}})||愈…愈||the more…the more | ||
| Line 295: | Line 295: | ||
== Prepositions == | == Prepositions == | ||
(介詞) {{ | (介詞) {{tts|Listen|ciaux,ciofng,ho,ka,kab,kaux,kuozai,pie,suizai,ti,tiaxm,ti teq,tngf,tuix,tuy,uixtiøh}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 322: | Line 322: | ||
| tiaxm||{{tj|踮}} ||站/在||at; in | | tiaxm||{{tj|踮}} ||站/在||at; in | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ti teq||佇leq/{{ptj|佇咧}} ||正在||in the process of | | ti teq / {{x|tixleq}} ||佇leq/{{ptj|佇咧}} ||正在||in the process of | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tngf||{{wt|當}} ||當||when; at that moment | | tngf||{{wt|當}} ||當||when; at that moment | ||
| Line 334: | Line 334: | ||
== Suffix particles indicating mood == | == Suffix particles indicating mood == | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|par`aq. par`ax. par`bøe. par`bøo. par`hvoq. par`jiblaai. par`jibkhix. jip`laai. jip`khix. khix`aq. par`khylaai. par`khykhix. par`khylix. khvoarmai. laq. leq. løq. par`løqkhix. par`løqlaai. oq. øexsae`tid. tiøh}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 385: | Line 385: | ||
See also: [[Toxngsuu]] | See also: [[Toxngsuu]] | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|aix.ao.barn.biq.bøviar.chi.chiaau.chiøf.chitthøo.chviaa.chviar.chviax.chviux.ciah.ciaokhykafng.cym.giaa.giexn.giin.hahhix.hao.haxmbiin.hiaam.hiin.hipsiong.hiøq.hiw.hoaq.i.jiarng.jiog.kaam.kah'ix.kaxn.kerng.khausøea.khaw.khia.khoarn.khuxn.khvoax.kiernsiaux.kiørsi.korng.koxng.køeasyn.kviaa.kvoa.kvoaa`tiøh.laosae.larm.liah.liam.liaqzurn.liaxm.lym.ngx.oar.ølør.parngsag.phag.phahkhachviux.phahphvae`khix.phak jidthaau.pharngkvix.phoarpvi.phvi.phuix.po.poah.poaqkiao.puun.saf.siafphøef.siar.siongpurn.siuu.siuxkhix.soahsoaq`khix.søeaji.søf.søo.suq.tafm.thef.theh.thviaf.tiøo.tngr`khix.tong.tør`leq.tuhkw.zaiviar.zao.zefng.zhamsioong.zhoa.zhoafnkhuix.zhoaq.zhoarnsviu.zhoxng.zhoxng sviar.zhw.zhwn.zng.zuxn}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 530: | Line 530: | ||
| poah||{{tj|跋}} ||跌||fall down | | poah||{{tj|跋}} ||跌||fall down | ||
|- | |- | ||
| poaqkiao||{{ptj|跋筊}} ||賭博||gamble | | {{tx|poaqkiao}} ||{{ptj|跋筊}} ||賭博||gamble | ||
|- | |- | ||
| puun||{{wt|歕}}||吹||to blow | | puun||{{wt|歕}}||吹||to blow | ||
| Line 600: | Line 600: | ||
[[Heng'iongsuu]] | [[Heng'iongsuu]] | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|bae.bø'eeng.bøzhae.chirnzhae.chiuchixn.chvihun/zhvehun.cidkoar.cidsi'ar.cidsut'ar.ciør.eng'eeng.gaau.gong.hamban.hiaau.hiafm.høfgiah.høfkhafng.høfsex.huiekhix.hvoahie.ientaau.jixncyn.keksae.khiao.khiarngkhaf.khoaelok.khofng.khor.khunkhiam.kiaam.kirn.kofix.kofzuy.koarnsix.kutlat.kvialaang.lau.lahsab.lixpien.og.phahpviax.phvae.phvaysex.pintvoa.sarnchiaq.segsai.siab.siaolieen.sien.simseg.siok.siøfkhoar.siongpurn.sngf.soong.søex.suie.tarngsngf.taxmpøqar.thiarm.thihkhie.thøfzex.tiaau.tiautit.toa.tvy.voax.zar.zhengkhix.zhwn.zøe}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bae|| {{wt|䆀}} ||醜||ugly; mean | | [[bae]]|| {{wt|䆀}} ||醜||ugly; mean | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bø'eeng||{{ptj|無閒}}||無閑||busy | | bø'eeng||{{ptj|無閒}}||無閑||busy | ||
| Line 631: | Line 631: | ||
| gong||{{wt|戇}}||傻||stupid; silly | | gong||{{wt|戇}}||傻||stupid; silly | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hanban/hamban||{{ptj|頇顢|頇ban}}||愚笨 ||incompetent; clumsy; unskillful | | hanban/[[hamban]]||{{ptj|頇顢|頇ban}}||愚笨 ||incompetent; clumsy; unskillful | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hiaau|| {{tj|嬈}} ||嬲||lascivious; lewd | | hiaau|| {{tj|嬈}} ||嬲||lascivious; lewd | ||
| Line 647: | Line 647: | ||
| hvoahie||{{wt|歡喜}}||高興||glad ; happy | | hvoahie||{{wt|歡喜}}||高興||glad ; happy | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ientaau||{{wt|緣投}}||英俊||handsome | | {{x|ientaau}} ||{{wt|緣投}}||英俊||handsome | ||
|- | |- | ||
| jixncyn||{{wt|認真}} ||認真||serious | | jixncyn||{{wt|認真}} ||認真||serious | ||
| Line 751: | Line 751: | ||
== Nouns - blood relation and relations by marriage == | == Nouns - blood relation and relations by marriage == | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|acie.acirm.afng.ahviaf.akim.akofng.aku.amar.amr.apeq.azeg.bor.gyn'ar.hauxsvy.khanchiuo.kviafsaix.kviar.mamaf.papaf.Siensvy.simpu.siøfmoe.siøfti.sixtoa.sun'ar.takef.takvoaf.tangmngg`ee.tangsai.Thaethaix.tviuxlaang.tviuxmr.zabor-kviar.zapof-kviar}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 826: | Line 826: | ||
== Nouns describing body (sengkhw) == | == Nouns describing body (sengkhw) == | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|axmkurn.bagbaai.bagciw.chiuo.chiwkhiaw.exhaai.hengkharm.hvi.hvixkhafng.hvixzw.kengkahthaau.khachiuo.khaf.khazhngf.na'aau.paktor.phvi (phvi'ar).sengkhw.thaukhag.thaumngg.thauzafng.toxzaai.zhuie'extao.zhuiekhie.zhuietuun.zhuix}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 885: | Line 885: | ||
== Nouns - general use == | == Nouns - general use == | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|kankhor.loxiong.loxeng.miqkvia.paxnsex.sapbuun.senglie.sihnax.sofzai.taixcix.zhuopvy}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 914: | Line 914: | ||
See also: [[sikafn]] | See also: [[sikafn]] | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|armsii. armthau'ar. au`jit. auxjit. bin'afzaix. mia'afzaix. bømii-bøjit. cidtiafm'afkuo. cidtiap'afkuo. cirnzeeng. citmar. citzun. ehngf. eng'axm. etaux. expof. extaux. hiexntai. hiøhjoah. hiøhkvoaa. jit`sii. joaqthvy. khahtheng'ar. kin'afjit. kinnii. kofzar. køeakhix. kuxnii. kvoathvy. Lefpaix-jit. Paix-id. Paix-ji. Paix-svaf. Paix-six. Paix-go. Paix-lak. sincviaf. tangthvy. thao'axm. thaomii. thaozar. thaozar-thao'axm. thautwar. thvikngf. tiongtaux. tviaxtvia. twciaq. za'axm. zafban. zafkhie. zahngf. zhunthvy. zøjit. zuun`nii}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 947: | Line 947: | ||
| etaux|| {{ptj|下晝}} ||今罩/今午||this afternoon | | etaux|| {{ptj|下晝}} ||今罩/今午||this afternoon | ||
|- | |- | ||
| expof||{{wt|下晡}}||||afternoon | | [[expof]]||{{wt|下晡}}||||afternoon | ||
|- | |- | ||
| extaux||{{wt|下晝}}||||afternoon | | [[extaux]]||{{wt|下晝}}||||afternoon | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[hiexntai]]||{{wt|現代}}||||modern | | [[hiexntai]]||{{wt|現代}}||||modern | ||
| Line 967: | Line 967: | ||
| kinnii||{{wt|今年}}||||this year | | kinnii||{{wt|今年}}||||this year | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{x|kofzar}} ||{{wt|古早}}||||long long ago | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[køeakhix]]||{{wt|過去}}||||in the past | | [[køeakhix]]||{{wt|過去}}||||in the past | ||