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Swadesh List: Difference between revisions

Swadesh List (view source)

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A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swadesh_list Swadesh list] is one of several lists of vocabulary with "basic" meanings, developed by Morris Swadesh in the 1940–50s, which is used in lexicostatistics (quantitative language relatedness assessment) and glottochronology (language divergence dating).
A {{w|Swadesh list}} is one of several lists of vocabulary with "basic" meanings, developed by Morris Swadesh in the 1940–50s, which is used in lexicostatistics (quantitative language relatedness assessment) and glottochronology (language divergence dating).


See also [http://learntaiwanese.taioaan.org/Appendix%20Sino-Tibetan%20Swadesh%20list%20MTL.htm] and [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Sino-Tibetan_Swadesh_lists] for a comparison of Mandarin, Cantonese, Amoy, Teochew, Hakka, and Burmese.
See {{wt|Appendix:Sino-Tibetan_Swadesh_lists}} for a comparison of Mandarin, Cantonese, Amoy, Teochew, Hakka, and Burmese.
 
{| border=1 cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0
|- style="background:#eee;"
! align=left | English word
! align=left | POS
! align=left | MTL
! align=left | notes
! align=left | MTL (2)
! align=left | note (2)
! align=left | MTL (3)
! align=left | note (3)
! align=left | MTL (4)
! align=left | note (4)
! align=left | MTL (5)
! align=left | note (5)


{| class="wikitable sortable"
!  English word !!  POS !!  MTL !!  notes !!  MTL (2) !!  note (2) !!  MTL (3) !!  note (3) !!  MTL (4) !!  note (4) !!  MTL (5) !!  note (5)
|-
|-
|  I || personal pronoun || goar ||  
|  I || personal pronoun || [[goar]] ||  
|-
|-
|  you(singular) || personal pronoun || lie ||  
|  you(singular) || personal pronoun || [[Personal pronouns#Lie|lie]] ||  
|-
|-
|  he || personal pronoun || y ||  
|  he || personal pronoun || [[y (taixbengsuu)|y]] ||  
|-
|-
|  we || personal pronoun || gurn/goarn || we (not including you)
|  we || personal pronoun || [[gurn]]/goarn || we (not including you)
|| larn || we (including you)
|| [[larn]] || we (including you)
|-
|-
|  you(plural) || personal pronoun || lirn ||  
|  you(plural) || personal pronoun || [[lirn]] ||  
|-
|-
|  they || personal pronoun || yn ||  
|  they || personal pronoun || [[yn]] ||  
|-
|-
|  this || demonstrative pronoun || zef ||  
|  this || demonstrative pronoun || {{x|zef}} ||  
|| cit'ee ||  
|| {{x|cit'ee}} ||  
|-
|-
|  that || demonstrative pronoun || hef ||  
|  that || demonstrative pronoun || {{x|hef}} ||  
|| hit'ee ||  
|| {{x|hit'ee}} ||  
|-
|-
|  here || demonstrative pronoun || ciaf ||  
|  here || demonstrative pronoun || {{x|ciaf}} ||  
|-
|-
|  there || demonstrative pronoun || hiaf ||  
|  there || demonstrative pronoun || {{x|hiaf}} ||  
|-
|-
|  who || interrogative || sviaflaang ||  
|  who || interrogative || [[sviaflaang]] ||  
|| siafng || contraction of sviaflaang
|| siafng || contraction of sviaflaang
|-
|-
|  what || interrogative || sviafmih ||  
|  what || interrogative || {{x|sviafmih}} ||  
|| symmih ||  
|| [[symmih]] ||  
|| tQfcidee || which
|| tøfcidee || which
|-
|-
|  where || interrogative || tQfui ||  
|  where || interrogative || [[tøfui]] ||  
|-
|-
|  when || interrogative || symmih-sizun || what time
|  when || interrogative || {{x|symmih-sizun}} || what time
|| tangsii ||  
|| {{x|tangsii}} ||  
|-
|-
|  how || interrogative || juhQo || formal
|  how || interrogative || juhøo || formal
|| afnzvoar || informal
|| afnzvoar || informal
|| zvoafviu || in what way
|| zvoafviu || in what way
|-
|-
|  not ||  || pud || literary
|  not ||  || pud || literary
|| m || is not/does not
|| [[m]] || is not/does not
|| boe || is not able to
|| {{x|bøe}} || is not able to
|| maix || do not (imperative)
|| maix || do not (imperative)
|| bQo || does not have/did not
|| [[bøo]] || does not have/did not
|-
|-
|  all || quantifier || zoanpo || all of it
|  all || quantifier || zoanpo || all of it
Line 70: Line 57:
|| lofngzorng || ex. how many in all?
|| lofngzorng || ex. how many in all?
|-
|-
|  many || quantifier || zoe ||  
|  many || quantifier || zøe ||  
|-
|-
|  some || quantifier || cidkoar ||  
|  some || quantifier || cidkoar/cidkoafar ||  
|| kuynaxee ||  
|| kuynaxee ||  
|-
|-
|  few || quantifier || ciQr ||  
|  few || quantifier || ciør ||  
|-
|-
|  other || quantifier || kithvaf ||  
|  other || quantifier || kithvaf ||  
|| padee ||  
|| padee ||  
|-
|-
|  one || cardinal number || id || more than 10
|  one || [[kisox|cardinal number]] || id || more than 10
|| cit || less than 10
|| cit || less than 10
|-
|-
Line 92: Line 79:
|  five || cardinal number || go ||  
|  five || cardinal number || go ||  
|-
|-
|  big || adjective || toa ||  
|  big || [[heng'iongsuu|adjective]] || {{x|toa}} ||  
|-
|-
|  long || adjective || tngg ||  
|  long || adjective || tngg ||  
Line 102: Line 89:
|  heavy || adjective || tang ||  
|  heavy || adjective || tang ||  
|-
|-
|  small || adjective || soex ||  
|  small || adjective || {{x|søex}} ||  
|-
|-
|  short || adjective || tQea ||  
|  short || adjective || [[tea (heng'ioong-suu)|tea]] ||  
|-
|-
|  narrow || adjective || oeh ||  
|  narrow || adjective || øeh ||  
|-
|-
|  thin || adjective || pQh ||  
|  thin || adjective || {{x|pøh}} ||  
|-
|-
|  woman || noun || lwjiin || formal
|  woman || [[bengsuu|noun]] || [[lwjiin]] || formal
|| [[zabor]] || informal
|| [[zabor]] || informal
|-
|-
|  man(adult male) || noun || lamjiin || formal
|  man(adult male) || noun || [[lamjiin]] || formal
|| [[zapof]] || informal
|| [[zapof]] || informal
|-
|-
|  man(human being) || noun || laang ||  
|  man(human being) || noun || [[laang]] ||  
|-
|-
|  child(a youth) || noun || gyn'ar || informal
|  child(a youth) || noun || [[gyn'ar]] || informal
|| jitoong || formal
|| [[jitoong]] || formal
|-
|-
|  wife || noun || bor ||  
|  wife || noun || [[bor]] ||  
|-
|-
|  husband || noun || afng ||  
|  husband || noun || [[afng]] ||  
|-
|-
|  mother || noun || bwchyn/bQfchyn || literary
|  mother || noun || [[bwchyn]]/bøfchyn || literary
|| lauxbuo ||  
|| [[lauxbuo]] ||  
|| mamaf ||  
|| [[mamaf]] ||  
|| abuo ||  
|| [[abuo]] ||  
|-
|-
|  father || noun || huxchyn || literary
|  father || noun || [[huxchyn]] || literary
|| lauxpe ||  
|| [[lauxpe]] ||  
|| papaf ||  
|| [[papaf]] ||  
|| apaf ||  
|| [[apaf]] ||  
|-
|-
|  animal || noun || toxngbut ||  
|  animal || noun || [[toxngbut]] ||  
|-
|-
|  fish || noun || hii ||  
|  fish || noun || [[hii]] ||  
|-
|-
|  bird || noun || ciao ||  
|  bird || noun || [[ciao]] ||  
|| ciawar ||  
|| ciawar ||  
|-
|-
|  dog || noun || kao ||  
|  dog || noun || [[kao]] ||  
|| kawar ||  
|| kawar ||  
|-
|-
|  louse || noun || sad ||  
|  louse || noun || bagsad ||  
|| satbuo ||  
|| [[satbuo]] ||  
|-
|-
|  snake || noun || zoaa ||  
|  snake || noun || [[zoaa]] ||  
|-
|-
|  worm || noun || thaang ||  
|  worm || noun || [[thaang]] ||  
|| toxurn || earthworm
|| toxurn || earthworm
|| toxkurn || earthworm
|| [[toxkurn]] || earthworm
|-
|-
|  tree || noun || chiu ||  
|  tree || noun || chiu ||  
|| chiu'ar (chiu-ar) ||  
|| chiu'ar ([[chiuar]]) ||  
|-
|-
|  forest || noun || simliim ||  
|  forest || noun || [[simliim]] ||  
|| chiuxnaa ||  
|| [[chiuxnaa]] ||  
|-
|-
|  stick || noun || chiuxky || tree branch
|  stick || noun || [[chiuxky]] || tree branch
|| ki'ar || informal
|| ki'ar || informal
|-
|-
|  fruit || noun || zuykQr ||  
|  fruit || noun || [[zuykør]] ||  
|| koefcie ||  
|| [[køefcie]] ||  
|-
|-
|  seed || noun || zefngcie ||  
|  seed || noun || [[zefngcie]] ||  
|-
|-
|  leaf || noun || hiQh ||  
|  leaf || noun || [[hiøh]] ||  
|| hiQqar ||  
|| hiøqar ||  
|-
|-
|  root || noun || kwn ||  
|  root || noun || [[kwn]] ||  
|-
|-
|  bark || noun || chiuxphQee ||  
|  bark || noun || [[chiuxphøee]] ||  
|-
|-
|  flower || noun || hoef ||  
|  flower || noun || [[hoef]] ||  
|-
|-
|  grass || noun || zhao ||  
|  grass || noun || [[zhao]] ||  
|-
|-
|  rope || noun || sQq ||  
|  rope || noun || [[søq]] ||  
|| sQh'ar ||  
|| søh'ar ||  
|-
|-
|  skin || noun || phQee ||  
|  skin || noun || phøee ||  
|| phQehw ||  
|| [[phøehw]] ||  
|-
|-
|  meat || noun || baq ||  
|  meat || noun || [[baq]] ||  
|-
|-
|  blood || noun || huiq ||  
|  blood || noun || [[huiq]] ||  
|| hiet'ek ||  
|| [[hiet'ek]] ||  
|-
|-
|  bone || noun || kud ||  
|  bone || noun || [[kud]] ||  
|| kutthaau ||  
|| [[kutthaau]] ||  
|-
|-
|  fat || noun || cihoong || academic
|  fat || noun || [[cihofng]] || academic
|| jixnngg || colloquial
|| [[jixnngg]] || colloquial
|-
|-
|  egg || noun || nng ||  
|  egg || noun || [[nng]] ||  
|| koenng || chicken egg
|| [[køenng]] || chicken egg
|-
|-
|  horn || noun || kag ||  
|  horn || noun || [[kag]] ||  
|-
|-
|  tail || noun || bQea ||  
|  tail || noun || [[bøea (miasuu)|bøea]] ||  
|| bQefliw ||  
|| [[bøefliw]] ||  
|-
|-
|  feather || noun || ciawmngg ||  
|  feather || noun || [[ciawmngg]] ||  
|-
|-
|  hair || noun || thaumngg ||  
|  hair || noun || [[thaumngg]] ||  
|-
|-
|  head || noun || [[thaau]] || affix
|  head || noun || [[thaau]] || affix
|| thaukhag ||  
|| [[thaukhag]] ||  
|-
|-
|  ear || noun || hvi ||  
|  ear || noun || [[hvi'ar]] ||  
|| hvi'ar (hvi-ar) ||  
|| ||  
|| hvixkhafng ||  
|| [[hvixkhafng]] ||  
|-
|-
|  eye || noun || [[bagciw]] ||  
|  eye || noun || [[bagciw]] ||  
|-
|-
|  nose || noun || phvi ||  
|  nose || noun || phvi ||  
|| phvi'ar (phvi-ar) ||  
|| [[phvi'ar]] ||  
|-
|-
|  mouth || noun || zhuix ||  
|  mouth || noun || [[zhuix]] ||  
|-
|-
|  tooth || noun || zhuiekhie ||  
|  tooth || noun || [[zhuiekhie]] ||  
|-
|-
|  tongue || noun || cih ||  
|  tongue || noun || cih ||  
|| zhuiecih ||  
|| [[zhuiecih]] ||  
|-
|-
|  fingernail || noun || zefngkaq ||  
|  fingernail || noun || [[zefngkaq]] ||  
|-
|-
|  foot || noun || khaf ||  
|  foot || noun || [[khaf]] ||  
|-
|-
|  leg || noun || thuie ||  
|  leg || noun || [[thuie]] ||  
|-
|-
|  knee || noun || khathauw ||  
|  knee || noun || [[khathauw]] ||  
|-
|-
|  hand || noun || chiuo ||  
|  hand || noun || [[chiuo]] ||  
|-
|-
|  wing || noun || ek || literary
|  wing || noun || ek || literary
|| sit ||  
|| sit ||  
|| sidar ||  
|| sidar ||  
|| sidkor ||  
|| [[sidkor]] ||  
|-
|-
|  belly || noun || paktor ||  
|  belly || noun || [[paktor]] ||  
|-
|-
|  guts || noun || tng'ar ||  
|  guts || noun || [[tng'ar]] ||  
|-
|-
|  neck || noun || axmkurn ||  
|  neck || noun || [[axmkurn]] ||  
|-
|-
|  back || noun || khaciahphviaf ||  
|  back || noun || [[khaciahphviaf]] ||  
|-
|-
|  breast || noun || hiofng || chest (affix)
|  breast || noun || [[hiofng]] || chest (affix)
|| hiongpo || chest (academic)
|| [[hiongpo]] || chest (academic)
|| hengkharm || chest (generic)
|| hengkharm || chest (generic)
|| lengpoong || female organ
|| [[lengpoong]] || female organ
|-
|-
|  heart || noun || simzong ||  
|  heart || noun || [[simzong]] ||  
|-
|-
|  liver || noun || kvoaf || affix
|  liver || noun || kvoaf || affix
|| kvoazong ||  
|| [[kvoazong]] ||  
|-
|-
|  drink || verb || lym ||  
|  drink || [[toxngsuu|verb]] || [[lym]] ||  
|-
|-
|  eat || verb || ciah ||  
|  eat || verb || [[ciah]] ||  
|-
|-
|  bite || verb || ka ||  
|  bite || verb || [[ka]] ||  
|-
|-
|  suck || verb || khib || affix
|  suck || verb || [[khib]] || affix
|| cip || sip
|| [[cip]] || sip
|| suq || suck
|| [[suq]] || suck
|-
|-
|  spit || verb || phuix || generic
|  spit || verb || [[phuix]] || generic
|| phuienoa || lit. spit saliva (informal)
|| [[phuienoa]] || lit. spit saliva (informal)
|| phuiezhuienoa || lit. spit saliva (informal)
|| phuie-[[zhuienoa]] || lit. spit saliva (informal)
|| phuiethaam || lit. spit phlegm (informal)
|| [[phuiethaam]] || lit. spit phlegm (informal)
|-
|-
|  vomit || verb || ao || informal
|  vomit || verb || ao || informal
|| thox || informal
|| thox || informal
|| awthox || formal
|| [[awthox]] || formal
|-
|-
|  blow || verb || zhef ||  
|  blow || verb || zhøef ||  
|| puun ||  
|| puun ||  
|-
|-
|  breathe || verb || hokhib || academic (respire)
|  breathe || verb || [[hokhib]] || academic (respire)
|| zhoafnkhuix ||  
|| [[zhoafnkhuix]] ||  
|-
|-
|  laugh || verb || chiQx ||  
|  laugh || verb || [[chiøx]] ||  
|-
|-
|  see || verb || khvoax ||  
|  see || verb || [[khvoax]] ||  
|-
|-
|  hear || verb || thviaf ||  
|  hear || verb || [[thviaf]] ||  
|-
|-
|  know || verb || zay ||  
|  know || verb || zay ||  
|| zaiviar ||  
|| [[zaiviar]] ||  
|| pad || to recognize
|| [[bad]] || to recognize
|-
|-
|  think || verb || sviu ||  
|  think || verb || [[sviu]] ||  
|-
|-
|  smell || verb || phvi ||  
|  smell || verb || [[phvi]] ||  
|-
|-
|  fear || verb || kviaf ||  
|  fear || verb || [[kviaf]] ||  
|-
|-
|  sleep || verb || khuxn ||  
|  sleep || verb || [[khuxn]] ||  
|-
|-
|  live || verb || oah ||  
|  live || verb || [[oah]] ||  
|-
|-
|  die || verb || sie ||  
|  die || verb || [[sie]] ||  
|-
|-
|  kill || verb || thaai ||  
|  kill || verb || [[thaai]] ||  
|-
|-
|  fight || verb || oankef || argue
|  fight || verb || [[oankef]] || argue
|| siQphaq || fists
|| [[siøphaq]] || fists
|| siQthaai || war
|| [[siøthaai]] || war
|-
|-
|  hunt || verb || phahlah ||  
|  hunt || verb || [[phahlah]] ||  
|-
|-
|  hit || verb || phaq ||  
|  hit || verb || [[phaq]] ||  
|-
|-
|  cut || verb || koaq || cut in two
|  cut || verb || [[koaq]] || cut in two
|| chied || slice
|| [[chied]] || slice
|| kaf || scissors
|| [[kaf]] || scissors
|-
|-
|  split || verb || phoarkhuy || transitive split open
|  split || verb || [[phoarkhuy]] || transitive split open
|| liqkhuy || intransitive split open
|| liqkhuy || intransitive split open
|| hunkhuy || split up
|| hunkhuy || split up
Line 329: Line 316:
|| tuh ||  
|| tuh ||  
|-
|-
|  scratch || verb || pee ||  
|  scratch || verb || {{x|pee}} ||  
|-
|-
|  dig || verb || or ||  
|  dig || verb || [[or]] ||  
|| oea ||  
|| oea ||  
|| iaq ||  
|| iaq ||  
Line 337: Line 324:
|| kut ||  
|| kut ||  
|-
|-
|  swim || verb || siuzuie ||  
|  swim || verb || [[siuzuie]] ||  
|-
|-
|  fly || verb || pef ||  
|  fly || verb || {{x|pøef}} ||  
|-
|-
|  walk || verb || kviaa || generic
|  walk || verb || [[kviaa]] || generic
|| kvialo || go on foot (informal)
|| kvialo || go on foot (informal)
|| poxheeng || go on foot (formal)
|| poxheeng || go on foot (formal)
Line 347: Line 334:
|| poxliern || go on foot (formal)
|| poxliern || go on foot (formal)
|-
|-
|  come || verb || laai ||  
|  come || verb || {{x|laai}} ||  
|-
|-
|  lie || verb || tQr || horizontal
|  lie || verb || [[tør]] || horizontal
|-
|-
|  sit || verb || ze ||  
|  sit || verb || [[ze]] ||  
|-
|-
|  stand || verb || zam || affix
|  stand || verb || [[zam]] || affix
|| khia ||  
|| [[khia]] ||  
|-
|-
|  turn || verb || oad || change direction
|  turn || verb || [[oad]] || change direction
|-
|-
|  fall || verb || laklQh || drop
|  fall || verb || [[lakløh]] || drop
|-
|-
|  give || verb || ho ||  
|  give || verb || [[ho]] ||  
|-
|-
|  hold || verb || theh ||  
|  hold || verb || [[theh]] ||  
|-
|-
|  squeeze || verb || lut ||  
|  squeeze || verb || [[lut]] ||  
|-
|-
|  rub || verb || loarn || massage; knead
|  rub || verb || [[loarn]] || massage; knead
|-
|-
|  wash || verb || soea ||  
|  wash || verb || {{x|søea}} ||  
|-
|-
|  wipe || verb || chid ||  
|  wipe || verb || [[chid]] ||  
|-
|-
|  pull || verb || khiuo ||  
|  pull || verb || [[khiuo]] ||  
|| giuo ||  
|| giuo ||  
|-
|-
|  push || verb || sag ||  
|  push || verb || [[sag]] ||  
|-
|-
|  throw || verb || taxn ||  
|  throw || verb || [[taxn]] ||  
|-
|-
|  tie || verb || pak ||  
|  tie || verb || {{x|pak}} ||  
|-
|-
|  sew || verb || paang ||  
|  sew || verb || [[paang]] ||  
|| thvi ||  
|| thvi ||  
|-
|-
|  count || verb || siaux ||  
|  count || verb || [[siaux]] ||  
|-
|-
|  say || verb || korng ||  
|  say || verb || [[korng]] ||  
|-
|-
|  sing || verb || chviux ||  
|  sing || verb || [[chviux]] ||  
|-
|-
|  play || verb || sngr ||  
|  play || verb || [[sngr]] ||  
|| chitthQo || intransitive
|| [[chitthøo]] || intransitive
|-
|-
|  float || verb || phuu ||  
|  float || verb || [[phuu]] ||  
|-
|-
|  flow || verb || laau ||  
|  flow || verb || [[laau]] ||  
|-
|-
|  freeze || verb || kietpefng ||  
|  freeze || verb || [[kietpefng]] ||  
|-
|-
|  swell || verb || phorngtoa ||  
|  swell || verb || [[phorngtoa]] ||  
|-
|-
|  sun || noun || thaeioong || scientific
|  sun || noun || thaeioong || scientific
|| jidthaau || informal
|| [[jidthaau]] || informal
|-
|-
|  moon || noun || [[gQeqniuu]] ||  
|  moon || noun || [[gøeqniuu]] ||  
|-
|-
|  star || noun || [[chvy]] ||  
|  star || noun || [[zhvef]]/[[chvy]] ||  
|-
|-
|  water || noun || [[zuie]] ||  
|  water || noun || [[zuie]] ||  
|-
|-
|  rain || noun || ho ||  
|  rain || noun || [[ho]]/[[løqho]] ||  
|-
|-
|  river || noun || [[hQo]] ||  
|  river || noun || [[khøef|høo]] ||  
|-
|-
|  lake || noun || oo ||  
|  lake || noun || [[oo]] ||  
|-
|-
|  sea || noun || [[hae]] ||  
|  sea || noun || [[hae]] ||  
|-
|-
|  salt || noun || iaam ||  
|  salt || noun || [[iaam]] ||  
|-
|-
|  stone || noun || ciQh || affix
|  stone || noun || [[ciøh]] || affix
|| ciQqthaau ||  
|| [[ciøqthaau]] ||  
|-
|-
|  sand || noun || soaf ||  
|  sand || noun || [[soaf]] ||  
|-
|-
|  dust || noun || thohurn ||  
|  dust || noun || [[thohurn]] ||  
|-
|-
|  earth || noun || [[texkiuu]] || planet
|  earth || noun || [[tøexkiuu]] || planet
|-
|-
|  cloud || noun || huun ||  
|  cloud || noun || [[huun]] ||  
|-
|-
|  fog || noun || bu ||  
|  fog || noun || [[bu]] ||  
|-
|-
|  sky || noun || thvy ||  
|  sky || noun || [[thvy]] ||  
|-
|-
|  wind || noun || [[hofng]] ||  
|  wind || noun || [[hofng (khiesiong)|hofng]] ||  
|-
|-
|  snow || noun || seq ||  
|  snow || noun || [[seq]] ||  
|-
|-
|  ice || noun || pefng ||  
|  ice || noun || [[pefng]] ||  
|-
|-
|  smoke || noun || hwn ||  
|  smoke || noun || [[hwn]] ||  
|-
|-
|  fire || noun || hea ||  
|  fire || noun || {{x|høea}} ||  
|-
|-
|  ashes || noun || hef || ashes or dust
|  ashes || noun || [[høef]] || ashes or dust
|| hefhw ||  
|| [[høefhw]] ||  
|-
|-
|  burn || verb || hviaa ||  
|  burn || verb || [[hviaa]] ||  
|-
|-
|  road || noun || lo ||  
|  road || noun || [[lo]] ||  
|-
|-
|  mountain || noun || svoaf ||  
|  mountain || noun || [[svoaf]] ||  
|-
|-
|  red || adjective || aang ||  
|  red || adjective || [[aang]] ||  
|-
|-
|  green || adjective || lek ||  
|  green || adjective || [[lek]] ||  
|| chvy ||  
|| [[zhveseg]]/chviseg ||  
|-
|-
|  yellow || adjective || ngg ||  
|  yellow || adjective || [[ngg]] ||  
|-
|-
|  white || adjective || peh ||  
|  white || adjective || [[peh]] ||  
|-
|-
|  black || adjective || of ||  
|  black || adjective || [[of]] ||  
|-
|-
|  night || noun || armsii ||  
|  night || noun || [[armsii]] ||  
|-
|-
|  day || noun || jidsii ||  
|  day || noun || [[jidsii]] ||  
|-
|-
|  year || noun || nii ||  
|  year || noun || [[nii]] ||  
|-
|-
|  warm || adjective || siQlQ ||  
|  warm || adjective || [[siølø]] ||  
|-
|-
|  cold || adjective || kvoaa ||  
|  cold || adjective || [[kvoaa]] ||  
|-
|-
|  full || adjective || boarn ||  
|  full || adjective || [[boarn]] ||  
|| moar ||  
|| moar ||  
|| tvi ||  
|| tvi ||  
|-
|-
|  new || adjective || syn ||  
|  new || adjective || [[syn]] ||  
|-
|-
|  old || adjective || lau || not young
|  old || adjective || [[lau]] || not young
|| ku || not new
|| ku || not new
|-
|-
|  good || adjective || hQr ||  
|  good || adjective || [[hør]] ||  
|-
|-
|  bad || adjective || phvae ||  
|  bad || adjective || [[phvae]] ||  
|-
|-
|  rotten || adjective || aux ||  
|  rotten || adjective || [[aux]] ||  
|| zhaonoa ||  
|| [[zhaonoa]] ||  
|-
|-
|  dirty || adjective || lahsab ||  
|  dirty || adjective || {{x|lahsab}} ||  
|-
|-
|  straight || adjective || tit ||  
|  straight || adjective || [[tit]] ||  
|-
|-
|  round || adjective || vii ||  
|  round || adjective || [[vii]] ||  
|-
|-
|  sharp || adjective || lai ||  
|  sharp || adjective || [[lai]] ||  
|-
|-
|  dull || adjective || tun ||  
|  dull || adjective || [[tun]] ||  
|-
|-
|  smooth || adjective || kngkut ||  
|  smooth || adjective || [[kngkut]] ||  
|-
|-
|  wet || adjective || sib ||  
|  wet || adjective || [[sib]] ||  
|| taam ||  
|| [[taam]] ||  
|-
|-
|  dry || adjective || taf ||  
|  dry || adjective || [[taf]] ||  
|-
|-
|  correct || adjective || tiQh || informal
|  correct || adjective || [[tiøh]] || informal
|| zerngkhag || formal
|| [[zerngkhag]] || formal
|-
|-
|  near || adjective || kun ||  
|  near || adjective || [[kun]] ||  
|-
|-
|  far || adjective || hng ||  
|  far || adjective || [[hng]] ||  
|-
|-
|  right || adjective || cviax ||  
|  right || adjective || [[cviax]] ||  
|-
|-
|  left || adjective || tQx ||  
|  left || adjective || [[tøx]] ||  
|-
|-
|  at || preposition || ti ||  
|  at || preposition || ti ||  
Line 523: Line 510:
|  in || preposition || ti || lai ||  
|  in || preposition || ti || lai ||  
|-
|-
|  with || conjunction || kab ||  
|  with || conjunction || [[kab]] ||  
|-
|-
|  and || conjunction || kab ||  
|  and || conjunction || [[kab]] ||  
|-
|-
|  if || conjunction || naxsi ||  
|  if || conjunction || naxsi ||  
Line 531: Line 518:
|  because || conjunction || in'ui ||  
|  because || conjunction || in'ui ||  
|-
|-
|  name || noun || miaa || affix or generic
|  name || noun || [[miaa]] || affix or generic
|}
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