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Modern Literal Taiwanese: Difference between revisions
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Modern Literal Taiwanese (view source)
Revision as of 14:17, 30 December 2017
, 14:17, 30 December 2017→Vowels: rm am, an, ang
(→MLT Examples: bøe -> boe) |
(→Vowels: rm am, an, ang) |
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{{ | {{GSW|Hiexntai Bunsuhoad|t=,51|現代文書法|Modern Literal Taiwanese}} (MLT), also known as {{gs|Hiexntai-buun|現代文}} and '''Modern Taiwanese Language''' (MTL), is a writing system in the [[Latin jixbør|Latin alphabet]] for [[Taiguo|Taiwanese]] based on the [[Taiwanese Modern Spelling System]] (TMSS). MLT is able to use the [[ASCII]] character set to indicate the proper variation of pitch without subsidiary scripts or diacritic symbols. | ||
==MLT Examples== | ==MLT Examples== | ||
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A MLT word, like each English word, can be formed by only one syllable or several syllables, with the two syllables being the most typical. Each syllable in MLT follows either one of the two underlying patterns (phonemes inside the brackets are optional): | A MLT word, like each English word, can be formed by only one syllable or several syllables, with the two syllables being the most typical. Each syllable in MLT follows either one of the two underlying patterns (phonemes inside the brackets are optional): | ||
*[ | * [consonant] + [nasalizer] + vowel + [tone indicator] | ||
*[ | * [consonant] + vowel + [tone indicator] + [nasal final consonant] | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
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The convention of using "h" to denote [[aspirated consonant]]s is similar to the way superscript "h" is used in the {{w|International Phonetic Alphabet}} (IPA). It is also similar to the way the apostrophe is used in [[Wade-Giles]]. | The convention of using "h" to denote [[aspirated consonant]]s is similar to the way superscript "h" is used in the {{w|International Phonetic Alphabet}} (IPA). It is also similar to the way the apostrophe is used in [[Wade-Giles]]. | ||
===Vowels=== | === Vowels === | ||
* Simple: a, i, u, e, o, ø, m, ng {{tts||af, i, u, e, o, øo, m, ng}} | * Simple: a, i, u, e, o, ø, m, ng {{tts||af, i, u, e, o, øo, m, ng}} | ||
* Compound: ai, au, ia, iu, iø, iau, ui, oa, oe, [[øe]], oai {{tts||ay, au, ia, iu, iø, iau, ui, oa, oe, øe, oay}} | * Compound: ai, au, ia, iu, iø, iau, ui, oa, oe, [[øe]], oai {{tts||ay, au, ia, iu, iø, iau, ui, oa, oe, øe, oay}} | ||
* Special high tone (1st tone of i, u): y, w {{tts||y, w}} | * Special high tone (1st tone of i, u): y, w {{tts||y, w}} | ||
* Special shouting-out tone (2nd tone of ai, i, u, e, au): {{tts|ae, ie, uo, ea, ao}} | * Special shouting-out tone (2nd tone of ai, i, u, e, au): {{tts|ae, ie, uo, ea, ao}} | ||
* | * {{w|Nasal vowel}} (indicator followed by a vowel): {{tts|v|viw}} | ||
The nasal | The nasal final consonants ''m'', ''n'', and ''ng'' can be appended to any of the vowels and some of the diphthongs. In addition, ''m'' and ''ng'' can function as independent syllables by themselves. | ||
The stops ''h''/''q'', ''k''/''g'', ''p''/''b'' and ''t''/''d'' can appear as the last letter in a syllable, in which case they are pronounced as unreleased stops. (The | The stops ''h''/''q'', ''k''/''g'', ''p''/''b'' and ''t''/''d'' can appear as the last letter in a syllable, in which case they are pronounced as unreleased stops. (The final consonants ''h'' and ''q'' stand for a glottal stop of high and low tone, respectively.) | ||
TMSS originally prescribed two special characters: the Greek {{w| | TMSS originally prescribed two special characters: the Greek {{w|nu (letter)}} and an [[o]] crossed by a backslash. To enable ASCII only typing, these were replaced with the Latin letter ''v'' and number ''0'', respectively. In modern computing environments, [[ø]] ("letter O with stroke") is used without much technical difficulty. | ||
===Tones=== | ===Tones=== | ||
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==History of MLT== | ==History of MLT== | ||
The [[ | The [[Pe̍h-ōe-jī]] (POJ) system, introduced in the 19th century, provides a basis for the phonetic transcription of the Taiwanese language using the Latin alphabet and developed a significant user base. However this user base declined during the Japanese occupation of Taiwan, when the use of POJ was suppressed in preference to [[Taioangie kana|katakana]], and during the Kuomintang era of martial law, during which Standard Mandarin was promoted. | ||
Prof. [[Liim Keahioong]], formerly of the National Cheng Kung University in [[Tailaam]], Taiwan, pioneered the Taiwanese Modern Spelling System (TMSS) in 1943, with the intent to avoid the diacritic markings of POJ and the cumbersomeness of inputting Chinese characters with the technology available. TMSS served as the basis for Modern Literal Taiwanese (MLT), or Modern Taiwanese Language (MTL) system. | Prof. [[Liim Keahioong]], formerly of the National Cheng Kung University in [[Tailaam]], Taiwan, pioneered the Taiwanese Modern Spelling System (TMSS) in 1943, with the intent to avoid the diacritic markings of POJ and the cumbersomeness of inputting Chinese characters with the technology available. TMSS served as the basis for Modern Literal Taiwanese (MLT), or Modern Taiwanese Language (MTL) system. | ||