Introduction to Taiwanese Vocabulary: Difference between revisions
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===Han Chinese=== | ===Han Chinese=== | ||
Modern linguistic studies (by Robert L. Cheng and Chin-An Li, for example) estimate that most (75% to 90%) Taiwanese words have cognates in other Han Chinese languages. False friends do exist; for example, {{tts|zao}} ( | Modern linguistic studies (by Robert L. Cheng and Chin-An Li, for example) estimate that most (75% to 90%) Taiwanese words have cognates in other Han Chinese languages. False friends do exist; for example, {{tts|zao}} ({{wt|走}}) means "to run" in Taiwanese, whereas the Mandarin cognate, zǒu, means "to walk". Moreover, cognates may have different lexical categories; for example, the morpheme {{tts|[[phvi]]}} ({{wt|鼻}}) means not only "nose" (a noun, as in Mandarin bí) but also "to smell" (a verb, unlike Mandarin). | ||
{{Ten common Harnji}} | {{Ten common Harnji}} | ||
Some words just have no standard Harnji, and are variously considered colloquial, intimate, vulgar, uncultured, or more concrete in meaning than the pan-Chinese synonym. Some examples: [[laang]] (person, concrete) vs. jiin ([[wikt:人|人]], person, abstract); [[zabor]] ( | Some words just have no standard Harnji, and are variously considered colloquial, intimate, vulgar, uncultured, or more concrete in meaning than the pan-Chinese synonym. Some examples: [[laang]] (person, concrete) vs. jiin ([[wikt:人|人]], person, abstract); [[zabor]] (woman) vs. lwjiin ({{wt|女人}}, woman, literary); [[baq]] (meat). See [[Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji]] and [[Taioaan Banlamgie thuiciexn ioxngji]]. | ||
===Austronesian=== | ===Austronesian=== | ||