Hokkien numerals: Difference between revisions

Hokkien numerals (view source)

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-{{gsw|Sorji|數字|Hokkien numerals}}. Hokkien has two sets of numbers: colloquial style (''peh'') and the literary style (''buun''). The colloquial readings come from Ancient Han Chinese/Old Chinese ([[Kor Harnguo]]) (ca. 0 BCE/CE), whereas the literary readings come from Han Chinese during the Southern [[Sorngtiaau|Song Dynasty]] (1127-1279) ([[Kixntai Harnguo]]). Nowadays, the ''peh'' style is used most, whereas the ''buun'' style is mostly used to recite telephone numbers ([[tiexn'oe]]). See [[Buun-peh-i-thak]] for more info.
+{{lead|Sorji|數字|Hokkien numerals|numbers in Taiwanese}} come in [[Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters|two different sets]]:
-== Basic numbers in Taiwanese ==
+* colloquial  (''{{x|peh}}''): used the most
-[[File: sorji (peh).mp3|thumb|none|{{p}} colloquial set: {{x|cit}}, {{x|nng}}, {{x|svaf}}, {{x|six}}, {{x|go}}, {{x|lak}}, {{x|chid}}, {{x|peq}}, {{x|kao}}, {{x|zap}}]]
+* literary (''{{x|buun}}''): mostly for [[tiexn'oe|telephone]] numbers and dates
-{{HokkienLiteraryColloquial-Num}}
+In normal speech, a mix of both types is used. Let's start with colloquial.
+== Colloquial numbers ==
+[[File: sorji (peh).mp3|thumb|none|({{x|bøo}}), {{x|cit}}, {{x|nng}}, {{x|svaf}}, {{x|six}}, {{x|go}}, {{x|lak}}, {{x|chid}}, {{x|pøeq}}, {{x|kao}}, {{x|zap}}]]
+=== Cardinal numbers ===
+To count "how many", "{{w|cardinal numbers}}" are used. Use the colloquial system (''cit'', ''nng'', ''svaf'') together with a [[measure word|classifier]] (the classifier will [[tone sandhi|change tone]] when spoken). For example, from ''[[Cidbøea Hii]]'':
+; cidbøea hii, nngxciaq køef, svazaang chiu'ar, ...
+: a tail of fish, a pair of chickens, three trees, ...
+'''{{x|Zap}}''' is '''10'''. From '''11''', use '''{{x|id}}''' and '''{{x|ji}}''', instead of '''cit''' & '''nng''', in the ones place. For example:
+; zab'id-bøea (11-bøea), zabji-ciaq (12-ciaq), zabsvaf-zaang (13-zaang), ...
+'''{{x|Jixzap}}''' is '''20'''.
+; jixzab'id-bøea (21-bøea), jixzabji-ciaq (22-ciaq), ...
+'''{{x|Paq}}''' is '''100'''. Count how many hundred  with '''cit''', '''nng''', '''svaf'''. {{gt|Khoxng|空|[[0|zero]]}} is for the blank tens place. We omit the classifier below but don't forget to include it.
+; 100 {{x|cidpaq}}, 101 cidpaq-khoxng-id, 102 cidpaq-khoxng-ji, ...
+; 110 cidpaq-zap, 111 cidpaq-zab'id, 112 cidpaq-zabji, ...
+There are shortcuts when the ones place is blank:
+; 110 {{x|pah'id}}, 111 cidpaq-zab'id, 112 cidpaq-zabji, ...
+; 120 {{x|pahji}}, 121 cidpaq-jixzap-id, 122 cidpaq-jixzap-ji, ...
+As we said, the next hundreds place is counted with '''{{x|nng}}'''.
+; 200 {{x|nngxpaq}}, 201 nngxpaq-khoxng-id, 202 nngxpaq-khoxng-ji, ...
+; 210 nngxpaq-zap (nngxpaq-id?), 211 nngxpaq-zab'id, ...
+; 220 nngxpaq-jixzap (nngxpaq-ji?)
+Above '''200''', there's a shortcut using '''[[ar]]''' as a "weak form" of "hundred" (''{{x|paq}}'' -> ''{{x|aq}}'' -> ''ar''):
+; 210 ji-ar-id, 211 nngxpaq-zab'id, ...
+; 220 ji-ar-ji, 221 nngxpaq-jixzap-id, ...
+; 510 goxafid, 520 goxafji, ... (here [[5|go]] has changed tone before "ar", violating a [[tone sandhi]] exception)
-== Cardinal numbers and colloquial system ==
+'''{{x|Zhefng}}''' is '''1000''':
-To count the size of a set, "{{w|cardinal numbers}}" are used. In this case, we use the colloquial system together with a [[lioxngsuu|classifier]] (the classifier will [[tone sandhi|change tone]] when spoken). For example, ''{{tts|cidtaai [[tiexnsi]]}}'' (one television), or ''[[Cidboea Hii]]'' (one fish).
+; 1000 {{x|cidzhefng}}, 1001 cidzhefng-khoxng-id, ...
-For numbers greater than ten, ''{{x|id}}'' and ''{{x|ji}}'' from the literary set (see below) are used in the lower positions. For example, 220 is ''nngxpahji'' and 1,100 is ''cidzheng'id''.
+; 1100 {{x|zheng'id}} / cidzheng'id, 1101 cidzhefng-cidpaq-khoxng-id
+; 1200 zhefng-ji, 1201 cidzhefng-nngxpaq-khoxng-id, ...
+; 2000 {{x|nngxchiefn}}
-;{{tts|ji-zap-kao-taai chiaf}} :29 cars
+'''{{x|Ban}}''' is '''10000''':
-;{{tts|nngxpaq, nngxchiefn, nngxban}} :200, 2000, 20,000
+; 1,0000 {{x|cidban}}, 1,1000 cidbaxn'id, ..., 2,0000 nngxban, ...
+: 10,000, 11,000, ..., 20,000
+; 2,2000 jixban-ji, ..., 3,0300 svaban-svapaq, ...
-== Literary readings ==
+'''{{x|Pahban}}''' (100,0000) is '''1,000,000'''.
-[[File:sorji (buun).mp3|thumb|none|{{b}} {{x|khoxng}}, {{x|id}}, {{x|ji}}, {{x|safm}}, {{x|sux}}, {{x|gvor}}, {{x|liok}}, {{x|chid}}, {{x|pad}}, {{x|kiuo}}, {{x|sip}}]]
 === Ordinal numbers ===
-For [[ordinal numbers]], when the numerals are preceded by the prefix ''{{x|te}}'' (第), only "1st" and "2nd" use literary, the rest use colloquial: {{x|texid}}, {{x|texji}}, {{x|texsvaf}}, {{x|texsix}}, {{x|texgo}}, etc.
+For [[ordinal numbers]], when the numerals are preceded by the prefix '''{{x|te}}''':
+; {{x|te-1}} ({{x|tex'id}}), {{x|te-2}} ({{x|texji}}), {{x|te-3}} ({{x|texsvaf}}), {{x|te-4}}, {{x|te-5}}, ...
+: first, second, third, ...
+== Literary numbers ==
+[[File:sorji (buun).mp3|thumb|none|literary: {{x|id}}, {{x|ji}}, {{x|safm}}, {{x|sux}}, {{x|gvor}}, {{x|liok}}, {{x|chid}}, {{x|pad}}, {{x|kiuo}}, {{x|sip}}]]
+{{HokkienLiteraryColloquial-Num}}
 === Telephone digits ===
 [[File:3945068.mp3|thumb|none|telephone number: 3945068]]
-Telephone digits are grouped according to certain rules and [[tone sandhi]] is applied. For example, {{tts|3945068}} is read: '''safm-kiuo-sux, gvor-[[0|khoxng]], liok-pad''' (see ''[[Khax Tiexn'oe]]'').
+Telephone digits are read using the literary system, with [[0]] read as ''khoxng''. The digits are grouped according to certain rules and [[tone sandhi]] is applied. For example, 3945068 is read: 394, 50, 68 (''samkiwsux, gvofkhoxng, liogpad''; ''safm-kiuo-sux, gvor-khoxng, liok-pad''; see ''[[Khax Tiexn'oe]]'').
+=== Date ===
+The year is also read using the literary system. For example: 1998 is read: 19, 98-nii (''itkiuo, kiwpatnii''; see ''[[Jidkix Cidphvy]]'').
+== References ==
+* [[Oong Iogteg]] (1972-3). 台湾語入門. Tōkyō
+** ''[http://www.edutech.org.tw/Text-Book/T-Jibbuun.htm Taioaan-oe Jibmngg (MLT-parn)]'' Liim Keahioong hoan'ek (2000).
 [[Category:Getting started]]