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Harnji: Difference between revisions
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==Han Characters== | ==Han Characters== | ||
*Han Characters are used to write many modern and old languages. Today they are used in the Chinese languages, Japanese, and Korean. They were used in Vietnamese in the past. | *Han Characters are used to write many modern and old languages. Today they are used in the Chinese languages, Japanese, and Korean. They were used in Vietnamese in the past. | ||
*In most cases, Written Taiwanese uses the ''Harnji'' script (as does Mandarin), although there are a number of special characters which are unique to Taiwanese and which are sometimes used in informal writing. Where Han characters are used, they are not always etymological or genetic; the borrowing of similar-sounding or similar-meaning characters is a common practice. (See [[ | *In most cases, Written Taiwanese uses the ''Harnji'' script (as does Mandarin), although there are a number of special characters which are unique to Taiwanese and which are sometimes used in informal writing. Where Han characters are used, they are not always etymological or genetic; the borrowing of similar-sounding or similar-meaning characters is a common practice. (See [[theaji]]). | ||
* | *About 20-25% of typical running texts lack an appropriate sinographic written form (Mair (2010)) | ||
* | *''Harnji'' often have several pronunciations. For example, {{bt|老}} has one colloquial reading and three literary readings (marked 文). See [[Buun-peh-i-thak]]. | ||
**Colloquial Taiwanese has roots in [[Sioxngkor Harngie|Old Chinese]]. | **Colloquial Taiwanese has roots in [[Sioxngkor Harngie|Old Chinese]]. | ||
**Literary Taiwanese, which was originally developed in the 10th century in Fujian ([[Hokkiexn]]) and based on [[Middle Chinese]], was used at one time for formal writing, but is now largely extinct. | **Literary Taiwanese, which was originally developed in the 10th century in Fujian ([[Hokkiexn]]) and based on [[Middle Chinese]], was used at one time for formal writing, but is now largely extinct. | ||
* | *For the readings of a Harnji character, use the MoE's [[TBSS]] and [[TGJT]] | ||
*You can input Harnji into the "MTL Interface to POJ Dictionary" (part of the [[MTL Toolbox]]) | *You can input Harnji into the "MTL Interface to POJ Dictionary" (part of the [[MTL Toolbox]]) | ||
*''Kanji'' are Chinese characters as used for the Japanese language. Kanji that were used as ''man'yōgana'' eventually gave rise to hiragana and katakana. | *''Kanji'' are Chinese characters as used for the Japanese language. Kanji that were used as ''man'yōgana'' eventually gave rise to hiragana and katakana. | ||
==Examples== | ==Examples== | ||
* | *Ten Harnji commonly used in Mandarin: {{Ten common Harnji}} | ||
*Used differently than Mandarin: 烏 ([[of]]), 恁 ([[lirn]]), {{tj|濟}} ([[joaxze|zøe]]). | *Used differently than Mandarin: {{wt|烏}} ([[of]]), {{wt|恁}} ([[lirn]]), {{tj|濟}} ([[joaxze|zøe]]). | ||
*Taiwanese Compounds: | *Taiwanese Compounds: [[gyn'ar]] (囡仔), [[zabor]] (查某), [[ølør]] (呵咾). | ||
==Siongkoafn ee buncviw== | ==Siongkoafn ee buncviw== | ||