Ar ( primarily a noun identifier (similar to in Mandarin), among other uses)

Notes

Ar, pronounced similar to R, is the #1 Frequently-Used Syllables in Frequently-Used Words of Taiwanese Hokkien.

Tone sandhi exception

When a basic tone syllable is followed by "ar", it does not change tone. In some cases, a hyphen may be inserted to preserve the original basic tone in writing to distinguish from another word.

without "ar" after "ar"
o o'ar
chiu chiuar (no apostrophe needed)
hviati hviati'ar
siøfti siøfti'ar
iaxchi iaxchi'ar