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A Beginner's Guide to Taiwanese (view source)
Revision as of 19:37, 19 September 2017
, 19:37, 19 September 2017→Further study: Taiwanese alphabet
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==Introduction to Taiwanese Phonetics== | ==Introduction to Taiwanese Phonetics== | ||
We will first introduce all of the phonetic sounds that you will encounter in Taiwanese. Some sounds have an approximation in English, while others may be less familiar. | We will first introduce all of the phonetic sounds that you will encounter in Taiwanese. Some sounds have an approximation in English, while others may be less familiar. In the examples, we have underlined tone indicators that are silent, which we will explain later. | ||
=== Consonants === | === Consonants === | ||
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! MTL !! Approx. !! Example !! Meaning | ! MTL !! Approx. !! Example !! Meaning | ||
|- | |- | ||
| p || B / cris'''p'''y || | | p || B / cris'''p'''y || papa<u>f</u> || father | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ph || P (crisp) || | | ph || P (crisp) || pha<u>q</u> || to hit | ||
|- | |- | ||
| m || me || mi || noodle | | m || me || [[mi]] || noodle | ||
|- | |- | ||
| b || mu'''mb'''le || | | b || mu'''mb'''le || ba<u>q</u> || meat | ||
|- | |- | ||
| t || D (crisp) || tit || straight | | t || D (crisp) || tit || straight | ||
|- | |- | ||
| th || Thomas || | | th || Thomas || the<u>h</u> || to take | ||
|- | |- | ||
| n || neat || nii || year | | n || neat || [[nii]] || year | ||
|- | |- | ||
| l || Lima || laang || person | | l || Lima || [[laang]] || person | ||
|- | |- | ||
| k || gear || | | k || gear || ka<u>f</u> || to add (see {{x2|ka'iuu}}) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kh || key || | | kh || key || khi<u>x</u> || go | ||
|- | |- | ||
| h || heap || hii || fish | | h || heap || [[hii]] || fish | ||
|- | |- | ||
| g || ga'''gg'''le || go || five | | g || ga'''gg'''le || go || five | ||
|- | |- | ||
| c(i) || G || | | c(i) || G || cia<u>f</u> || here | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ch(i) || cheese || | | ch(i) || cheese || chia<u>f</u> || car | ||
|- | |- | ||
| s(i) || she/sea || si || yes | | s(i) || she / sea || si || yes | ||
|- | |- | ||
| j(i) || Z || jit || day | | j(i) || Z || [[jit]] || day | ||
|- | |- | ||
| z || yar'''ds''' || | | z || yar'''ds''' || ze<u>f</u> || this | ||
|- | |- | ||
| zh || ca'''ts''' || | | zh || ca'''ts''' || zhai<u>x</u> || vegetable | ||
|- | |- | ||
| s || Saul || | | s || Saul || sva<u>f</u> || three | ||
|- | |- | ||
| j || zoo || joah || hot | | j || zoo || joah || hot | ||
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The 'k' vs. 'g' as well as the 'p' vs. 'b' may be hard to differentiate at first. The 'g' and the 'b' are voiced, meaning the vocal cords vibrate along with the consonant. The 'k' and 'p' are unvoiced, not as aspirated as in English but do have a distinct click or pop. | The 'k' vs. 'g' as well as the 'p' vs. 'b' may be hard to differentiate at first. The 'g' and the 'b' are voiced, meaning the vocal cords vibrate along with the consonant. The 'k' and 'p' are unvoiced, not as aspirated as in English but do have a distinct click or pop. | ||
Note that "j" and "s" appear twice: these are slightly different when | Note that "j" and "s" appear twice: these are slightly different when followed by an "i" vs other vowels. | ||
=== Vowels === | === Vowels === | ||
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! MTL !! Example !! Meaning | ! MTL !! Example !! Meaning | ||
|- | |- | ||
| a || ka || bite | | a || ka || to bite | ||
|- | |- | ||
| i || | | i || h<u>v</u>i || ear | ||
|- | |- | ||
| u || u || have | | u || u || to have | ||
|- | |- | ||
| e || ke || low | | e || ke || low | ||
|- | |- | ||
| o || lo || road | | o || [[lo]] || road | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ø || | | ø || hø<u>r</u> || good | ||
|- | |- | ||
| m || m || no | | m || m || no | ||
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| au || au || back | | au || au || back | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ia || ia || spread | | ia || ia || to spread | ||
|- | |- | ||
| iu || [[chviu]] || elephant | | iu || [[chviu]] || elephant | ||
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| oe || hoe || meeting | | oe || hoe || meeting | ||
|- | |- | ||
| øe || [[ | | øe || [[øe]] || to be able to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| oai || koaix || weird | | oai || {{x2|koaix}} || weird | ||
|} | |} | ||
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| va || va || filling (for dumplings etc.) | | va || va || filling (for dumplings etc.) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| vi || hvi || ear | | vi || [[hvi]] || ear | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ve || gve || stiff | | ve || gve || stiff | ||
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| vai || vai || to carry on back | | vai || vai || to carry on back | ||
|- | |- | ||
| vau || gvau || lotus root | | vau || [[liengvau|gvau]] || lotus root | ||
|- | |- | ||
| via || thviaf || to listen | | via || thviaf || to listen | ||
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! MTL !! Example !! Meaning | ! MTL !! Example !! Meaning | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -am || lam || mix | | -am || lam || to mix | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -im || a'kim || aunt | | -im || a'kim (akim) || aunt | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -iam || liam || | | -iam || liam || to nag | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -an || ban || slow | | -an || ban || slow | ||
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| -un || tun || dull | | -un || tun || dull | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -ien || lien || practice | | -ien || lien || to practice | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -oan || goan || wish | | -oan || goan || wish | ||
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| -iang || liang || bright | | -iang || liang || bright | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -iong || iong || use | | -iong || iong || to use | ||
|} | |} | ||
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{| | {| | ||
! Tone !! | ! Tone !! Example !! Meaning | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Basic || si || is | | Basic || si || is | ||
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| High || hiaf || there | | High || hiaf || there | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Low Falling || zhaix || vegetable | | Low Falling || [[zhaix]] || vegetable | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Shouting || zar || early | | Shouting || zar || early | ||
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| || || | | || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Short high || ciah || eat | | Short high || ciah || to eat | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Short low || phaq || hit | | Short low || phaq || to hit | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Short high || hap || close | | Short high || hap || to close | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Short low || ciab || catch | | Short low || ciab || to catch | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Short high || kut || slippery | | Short high || kut || slippery | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Short low || kud || bone | | Short low || [[kud]] || bone | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Short high || lok || deer | | Short high || [[lok]] || deer | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Short low || kog || country | | Short low || [[kokkaf|kog]] || country | ||
|} | |} | ||
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* [[Introduction to Taiwanese Vocabulary]] | * [[Introduction to Taiwanese Vocabulary]] | ||
* [[Practical Taiwanese Conversation]] | * [[Practical Taiwanese Conversation]] | ||
* [[Taiwanese alphabet]] | |||
== External links == | == External links == | ||