TL

TL (臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案; Tâi-uân Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn; MTL: Taioaan Lømafji Pheng'ym Hong'axn) is derived from Pe̍h-ōe-jī and has been officially promoted by the Ministry of Education since 2006.

Dialectal Vowels

Symbol r denotes dialectical vowels found in the regions of Lukang, Sanxia, Taipei, Kinmen, Magong, and Hsinchu, which tend toward Zoanciw accent.

Dialectical vowels

Tâi-lô	IPA	Description	Example (MLT-based)	# Entries in DFT
ir	[ɨ]	close central unrounded vowel, between i and u	hɨi, hancɨi, lauxsɨf	56
er	[ə]	Schwa / mid central vowel	zhanləe, linsəfm	~90
ere	[əe]	Schwa + e (øe), exclusive to Samkiab	køef, khøef, tøe	83

• ee, the open-mid front unrounded vowel ([ɛ]), is not used in Taiwanese but found in Ciangciw Hokkien

Tone markings

• tone markings:
  • Tone 6: still found in Lukang accent
  • Tone 9: marked with the double acute accent (e.g. a̋, as in bua̋-kín, contraction of bøo-iaokirn), appears in 16 entries

Køq khvoax

• Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan