Shouting tone

The shouting tone, tefngtuqym (上突音 ;  shouting out tone (2) ):

Examples

Most pure/single vowels use the silent r:

• a -> ar: pharng (bread)
• o -> or: hor (tiger)
• ø -> ør: hør! (good)
• mr, ngr

Note, the substitutions below don't apply when the ending is nasal:

• im -> irm
• in -> irn: lirn (you (Second person))
• un -> urn
• ien -> iern

Substitutions

The three root shouting substitutions:

• ir -> ie, as in chie (mouse)
• ur -> uo, as in Taiguo (Taiwanese)
• er -> ea, as in azea (older sister)

Two more substitutions are actually shortcuts:

• a + ie = ae: bexbae (not bad)
• a + uo = ao: zao (to run)

The five above extend to these finals:

• u + ie = uie: muie
• i + uo = iuo
• o + ea = oea: boea
• o + ae = oae: koae
• i + ao = iao

See also

• siofngsviaf