TL

Taiwanese Romanization System (臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案; TRS: Tâi-uân Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn; MTL: Taioaan Lømafji Pheng'ym Hong'axn) is derived from Pe̍h-ōe-jī and has been officially promoted by the Ministry of Education since 2006.

Dialectal Vowels

In TRS, r denotes dialectical vowels found in the regions of Lukang, Sanxia, Taipei, Kinmen, Magong, and Hsinchu, which tend toward Quanzhou accent.

Dialectical vowels

Tâi-lô	IPA	Description	Example (MTL)	# Entries in DFT
ir	ɨ or ɯ	close central unrounded vowel, between i and u	hɨi, hancɨi, lauxsɨf	56
er	ə	Schwa / mid central vowel	zhanləe, linsəfm	~90
ere	əe	Schwa + e (øe), exclusive to Samkiab	køef, khøef, tøe	83

• ee, the open-mid front unrounded vowel (ɛ), is not used in Taiwanese but found in Ciangciw Hokkien

Tone markings

• tone markings:
  • Tone 6: Lukang accent uses the 6th tone
  • Tone 9: marked with the double acute accent (e.g. a̋, as in bua̋-kín, contraction of bøo-iaokirn) appears in 16 entries

See Also

• MoeDict