TL
Taiwanese Romanization System (臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案; TRS: Tâi-uân Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn; MTL: Taioaan Lømafji Pheng'ym Hong'axn) is derived from Pe̍h-ōe-jī and has been officially promoted by the Ministry of Education since 2006.
Dialectal Vowels
In TRS, r denotes dialectical vowels found in the regions of Lukang, Sanxia, Taipei, Kinmen, Magong, and Hsinchu, which tend toward Quanzhou accent.
| Tâi-lô | IPA | Description | Example (MTL) | # Entries in DFT |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ir | ɨ | close central unrounded vowel, between i and u | hɨi, hancɨi, lauxsɨf | 56 |
| er | ə | Schwa / mid central vowel | zhanləe | ~90 |
| ere | əe | Schwa + e (øe), exclusive to Samkiab | kəef, kəef (lo), khəef | 83 |
- ee is the open-mid front unrounded vowel (ɛ), not used in Taiwanese
Tone markings
- tone markings:
- Tone 6: Lukang accent uses the 6th tone
- Tone 9: marked with the double acute accent (e.g. a̋, as in bua̋-kín, contraction of bøo-iaokirn) appears in 16 entries