Notes
Takao, Tancoia, Tankoya, former names of modern-day Køhioong, originates from the Makatao language of the local aboriginal tribe and translates as "bamboo forest". Founded near the end of the Ming Dynasty (Beeng-tiaau) in the 17th century, the village was known as Tvafkao in the Hoklo language (Høxlør-oe) spoken by most of the early immigrants. The Harnji for Tvafkao literally meant "to beat a dog".
In 1895, Taiwan was ceded to Japan as part of the Treaty of Shimonoseki. In 1920, the city’s name was changed to Køhioong (Jidguo: 高雄 Takao). After control of Taiwan was handed to the Republic of China in 1945, the official romanization of the city name came to be “Kaohsiung”, based on the Wade-Giles romanization of the Standard Mandarin reading of the kanji name.