Dialectal Vowels
Symbol r denotes dialectical vowels found in the regions of Lukang, Sanxia, Taipei, Kinmen, Magong, and Hsinchu, which tend toward Zoanciw accent.
| Tâi-lô | IPA | Description | Example (MLT-based) |
# Entries in DFT |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ir | [ɨ] | close central unrounded vowel, between i and u | hɨi, hancɨi, lauxsɨf | 56 |
| er | [ə] | Schwa / mid central vowel | zhanləe, linsəfm | ~90 |
| ere | [əe] | Schwa + e (øe), exclusive to Samkiab | køef, khøef, tøe | 83 |
- additionally, or ([ɤ]) denotes Kaohsiung and Tainan realization of MLT ø
- ee, the open-mid front unrounded vowel ([ɛ]), is not used in Taiwanese but found in Ciangciw Hokkien
Tone markings
- tone markings:
- Tone 6: still found in Lukang accent. marked with the caron (ǎ/ě/ǐ/ǒ/ǔ)
- Tone 9: marked with the double acute accent (e.g. a̋, as in bua̋-kín, contraction of bøo-iaokirn; also a̋ng--âng-âng), appears in 16 entries
