Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji
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Taiguo Siong'iong 460 ji (台語常用460字; 460 Frequently-Used Taiwanese Words) written in Modern Literal Taiwanese with English definitions. Adapted from: 黃美雲 (2004) Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji [460 Common Taiwanese Words]. 台語文協會.
Personal pronouns
Main article: Personal pronouns
| MTL | THJ | Hoaguo | Engguo |
|---|---|---|---|
| goar | 我 | 我 | I; me |
| gurn | 阮† | 我們/我的 | we; us; (not including listener) |
| goarn | 阮† | 我/我們/我等/咱們 | we; us; (not including listener) |
| kaki | 家己 | 自己 | self |
| larn | 咱† | 我們/咱 | we; us; (includes listener) |
| lie | 汝/你†/妳 | 你/妳/汝 | you |
| lirn | 恁† | 你們/你的/你們的 | you (plural/exclusive) |
| tag'ee | 逐个 | 各個/每個 | everybody |
| taixkef (tagkef) | 大家 | 大家 | everybody; all the people |
| y | 伊 | 他/她/祂 | he; she; it; his; her |
| yn | 𪜶† | 他們/他的 | they; them |
Demonstrative pronouns
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| cidee | cid个 | 一個 | one |
| ciaf^ | 遮† | 這裡 | here |
| ciah'ee (ciaf`ee) | 遮的† | 這些 | these |
| ciahniq' (ciahni) | 遮爾† | 這麼 | such; so |
| cit'ee | cit个 | 這個 | this one |
| citkhoarn | cit款 | 這種/這樣 | this kind of |
| hef^ | 彼† | 那 | that one |
| hiah'ee (hiaf`ee) | 遐的† | 那些 | those |
| hiaf^ | 遐† | 那裡 | there |
| hiahniq' (hiahni) | 遐爾† | 那麼 | in that way |
| hit'ee | 彼个‡ | 那個 | that one |
| hitkhoarn | 彼款‡ | 那款 | that kind of |
| sviafkhoarn | 啥款‡ | 怎麼樣 | what kind |
| symmih'khoarn | symmih款 | 什麼樣 | what do you think |
| zef^ | 這† | 這 | this one |
Tone sandhi exceptions:
- ^: words that never change tone.
- ': words ending with apostrophe, which will be directly followed by another word with no space.
Interrogative pronouns
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| joaxkuo | 偌久‡ | 多久 | how long |
| joaxtoa (goaxtoa) | 偌大‡ | 多大 | how big |
| joaxzøe (goaxzøe) | 偌濟† | 多少 | how many; how much |
| kuyee | 幾个 | 幾個 | how many |
| kuyjit | 幾日 | 幾日 | how many days |
| kuykafng | 幾工 | 幾天 | how many days |
| kuytiarm | 幾點 | 幾點 | what time it is |
| nar | 哪† | 怎 | how; why; what |
| nar øe (naføe) | 哪會† | 怎會 | how come; how could this be possible |
| sviafhøex | 啥貨‡/sviaf貨 | 甚麼/什麼東西 | what |
| sviaflaang | 啥人† | 哪個/孰/誰/誰人/誰個 | who |
| sviar | 啥† | 甚 | what |
| symmih^ (sviafmiq, sviafmih) | 啥物‡/sym物 | 什麼 | what |
| symmih'laang (sviaflaang) | sym物laang | 什麼人 | who |
| tafcidee (tøfcidee) | 佗一个‡/tøfcid个 | 哪一個 | which one |
| tafcidhang (tøfcidhang) | tøfcid項 | 哪一項 | which item |
| tafcidui (tøfcidui) | tøfcid位 | 哪一位 | which one |
| tangsii | 當時 | 何時 | when |
| tafui (tøfui) | 佗位‡/tøf位 | 那裡 | where |
| uixhøo | 為何 | 因何/為什麼/為何 | why; for what |
| ui-symmih^ (ui sviafmiq)^ | 為甚物‡/為sym物 | 為什麼 | why; for what. see si-afnzvoar |
Conjunctions
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| afnnef/afnny | 按呢† | 這樣子 / 如此 | well…then |
| afnzvoar | 按怎‡ | 何以 / 怎的 / 怎麼 | how |
| chinchviu | 親像 | 就像 | as; such as; as if |
| citmar | 這馬‡/cit馬 / 即碼 | 現在 | at this moment |
| hafntid (harn`tid) | 罕得 | 少有 / 難得 | rarely; seldom |
| høfkazaix ... | 好佳哉‡/好佳zaix | 幸好 / 幸虧 | fortunately |
| iah | 抑 | 或 / 抑 | or |
| iao | 猶† | 而 | but; still (synonym iawkøq) |
| in'ui...sofie | 因為…所以 | because…therefore | |
| kab | 佮 | 和 | and; with |
| kiafmzhae | 檢采 / 減采 | 假使 | perhaps |
| kaxngkhoarn | 仝款‡/kaxng款 / 共款 | 一樣 / 同樣 / 相同 / 相像 | same ; similar |
| koputjiciofng (koputciofng) | 姑不而將 / 姑不將 | 不得已 / 無奈何 | be obliged; have no choice but to; reluctant |
| lofngzorng | 攏總 | 一共 / 一總 / 打總兒 / 全部 | all; collectively |
| ma | 嘛† | 也 / 亦 | also; too |
| mxbiern | 毋免‡/mx免 | 不免 / 不必 | not necessary; unnecessary; not have to |
| mxkøq (mxkuo) | 毋過‡ | 不過 / 然而 | but |
| mxna | 毋但‡ | 不只 / 不光 / 不但 | not only… |
| na | 若 | 若 / 如果 | if |
| suxnsoax | 順紲‡/順soax | 附帶 / 趁便 / 順便 | conveniently |
| pwntøea | 本底 | 本來 / 原本 / 先前 | at first; originally |
| taxnsi | 但是 | 但是 | but |
| thiaukafng | 刁工 / thiau工 | 特意 | on purpose |
| tiaukorix (thiaukorix) | 刁故意 | 存心 / 成心 / 刻意 / 故意 | on purpose |
| tvaf | 今† | 現在 / 如今 | now |
| twciaq | 拄才‡/拄ciaq | 適即 / 剛剛 | moment ago |
Auxiliary verbs
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| aix ... | 愛 | 喜歡/想要/愛 | want; like |
| borng | 罔† | 姑且/將就 | content oneself with; may as well |
| bøe ... | 袂† | 不會 | be not able to; not willing to |
| bøeq ... | 欲† | 要/如果/快要 | want; like |
| bøexhiao ... | 袂曉‡ | 不會 | don’t know |
| bøexsae ... | 袂使‡ | 不可以 | it can not be; be not able to |
| bøextaxng ... | 袂當‡ | 未為/不能 | it can not be; be not able to |
| øe ... | 會† | 會/能 | be able and willing to |
| øexhiao ... | 會曉‡ | 能曉/會 | know |
| øexsae ... | 會使‡ | 能使/可以 | it may |
| øextaxng ... | 會當‡ | 能為/可以 | be able to |
| øextitthafng | 會得通‡ | 可以 | it can be; be able to |
| laai | 來 | 來 | let’s ; come |
| m | 毋† | 不 | not |
| maix ... | 莫† | 勿/毋 | do not |
| mxthafng | 毋通 | 不可 | may not |
| phvae | 歹† | 壞/惡/難 | it’s bad to |
| thafng | 通 | 通過/可以 | may |
| tiøqaix | 著愛 | 須 | have to |
Adverbs (Huosuu)
See also: Huosuu
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| bøo-tviutii | 無張持‡ | 沒注意/不小心 | unexpectedly (see hutjieen) |
| ciog | 足 | 足/很 | very; very much |
| ciu | 就 | 就 | then |
| cyn- | 真 | 真 | very |
| cviaa | 誠 | 很 | very much |
| iao | 猶† | 還/尚 | still; yet |
| iawbøe | 猶未‡ | 尚未 | not yet |
| juo...juo | 愈…愈 (愈) | 愈…愈 | the more…the more |
| kaix | 蓋 | 最 | very (see uxkaux) |
| kaq | 佮 | 與 | to |
| kannaf (kantvaf) | 干焦‡/干tvaf | 只有 | only; merely |
| khaq | 較 | 比較/更/再 | more |
| køhkhaq | 閣較‡ | 更較/復較 | even more |
| køq | 閣† | 再/還/更加 | again; more |
| kuikhix | 規氣/歸氣 | 索性/乾脆 | simply; totally |
| liammy (liampvy) | 連鞭 | 馬上 | at once |
| lorng | 攏 | 都/皆/全部 | all |
| luo...luo | 愈…愈 | 愈…愈 | the more…the more |
| niaxnia | 爾爾† | 而已 | only |
| siong | 上 | 尚/最 | the most |
| sioxngkaix | 上蓋 | 最 | the most |
| suii | 隨 | 馬上 | immediately |
| svakab | 相佮 | 一起 | together |
| sviw | 傷 | 太 | too much; too many |
| teq | 咧† | 在/正在 | in the process of |
| thaix | 太 | 太 | very |
| thaothaux | 透透 | 透徹 | thoroughly |
| tø | 就† | yet; though; then | |
| tvaf hai`aq (hai`laq) | 今害矣 | ? | "too bad" |
| twafhør (twtwafhør) | 拄仔好‡ | 剛剛好 | just right |
Prepositions
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| ciaux | 照 | 照 | follow |
| ciofng | 將 | 將 | going to ; about to |
| ho | 予 | 給/乎 | to; by |
| ka | 共 | 給/跟 | with; to |
| kab | 佮 | 和 | with; and |
| kaux | 到†/夠 | 到/夠 | to; enough |
| kiezai/kuozai | 據在 | 隨便 | indiscreetly; at one’s convenience |
| pie | 比 | 比 | compare |
| suizai | 隨在 | 任憑/任由 | at one’s convenience; no matter; regardless |
| ti | 佇 | 在 | at; in |
| tiaxm | 踮† | 站/在 | at; in |
| tixleq (ti teq) | 佇咧‡/佇leq | 正在 | in the process of |
| tngf | 當 | 當 | when; at that moment |
| tuix | 對 | 對 | to, towards, with regard to, from. see also uix |
| tuy | 追 | 從 | to follow behind or catch up from behind; to chase after, woo, pursue |
| uixtiøh | 為著 | 為了 | for the sake of |
Suffix particles indicating mood
See also: Twenty-seven Taiwanese words beginning with the backquote
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| `aq / `ax | 矣 | 呀 | an enclitic at the end of sentence to mark the completion of action |
| `bøe | 未 | 未 | did… or not |
| `bøo | 無† | 沒有 | yes or not |
| `hvoq | 乎 | 吧 | an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate emphasize on interrogative mood |
| `jiblaai | `入來 | 進來 | come in here |
| `jibkhix | `入去 | 進去 | get in there |
| jip`laai | 入`來 | come in | |
| jip`khix | 入`去 | to go in | |
| khix`aq | 去矣 | enclitic affixes to verbs to express completion of action | |
| `khylaai | `起來 | get up to here | |
| `khykhix | `起去 | get up to there | |
| `khylix | `起去 | get up | |
| øexsae`tid | 會使得‡ | 能使得/可以的 | okay; can be; may |
| khvoarmai | 看覓‡/看mai | 看看 | just try it to see |
| `laq | 啦† | 啦 | an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate recognition; affirmative; impatience; completion; request |
| `liq / `leq | 哩†/咧†! | an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate command; emphasize on interrogative mood | |
| `løq / `loq | 囉 | 囉 | an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate completion; exclamation; or emphasize |
| `løqkhix | `落去 | 下去 | downward to there |
| `løqlaai | `落來 | 下來 | downward to here |
| `oq | `喔! | an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate caution; exclamation; | |
| tiøh | 著 | affix to many verbs expressing accomplishment or taking effect |
Verbs (Toxngsuu)
See also: Toxngsuu
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| aix | 愛 | 喜歡/想要/愛 | love; like |
| ao | 拗 | 折/扭曲 | break and snap |
| barn | 挽 | 拔 | pluck |
| biq | 覕 | 匿/逃避/躲 | hide |
| bøviar | bø影/無影‡ | 不真實的 | no such thing; groundless; unsubstantiated |
| chi | 飼 | 飼 | raise; feed |
| chiaau | 撨† | 移/調整 | to adjust; to move |
| chiøf | 𪁎† | 好色 | be horny |
| chitthøo | 𨑨迌† | 玩耍 | play; have fun |
| chviaa | 晟† | 成/栽培 | to raise kids |
| chviar | 請 | 請 | to request; to ask; to invite |
| chviax | 倩 | 聘僱/僱用 | to hire |
| chviux | 唱 | 唱 | to sing |
| ciah | 食 | 吃 | to eat |
| ciaokhykafng | 照起工 | 按部就班 | keep to the working routine |
| cym | 唚† | 吻 | to kiss |
| giaa | 夯† | 抬 | carry heavy thing over the shoulder |
| giexn | 癮† | 癮/渴望 | to crave; addict |
| giin | 睨† | 凝 | stare |
| hahhix | 哈hix/哈唏‡ | 喝噓/打哈欠 | to yawn |
| hao | 吼 | 哭/叫 | roar; howl |
| haxmbiin | 陷眠 | 做夢 | talk in one's sleep; dreaming |
| hiaam | 嫌 | 嫌 | to detest; to dislike |
| hiin | 眩 | 眩/暈 | dizzy |
| hipsioxng | 翕相 | 照相 | take a picture |
| hiøq | 歇 | 休息 | rest |
| hiw | 咻† | 喊 | scream; shout |
| hoaq | 喝 | 喊 | shout |
| i | 奕 | 玩 | to play |
| jiarng | 嚷 | 嚷 | shout |
| jiog | 逐 | 追 | to chase; to follow |
| kaam | 含 | 含/唅 | hold in the mouth |
| kah'ix | 佮意 | 中意 | feel satisfied; take delight |
| kaxn | 姦† | 姦 | intercourse |
| kerng | 揀 | 揀 | choose; select |
| khausøea | 剾洗 | 諷刺/刨說 | give sarcastic; ironical caustic comments |
| khaw | 剾 | 諷刺/刮/刨 | speak ironically |
| khia | 徛† | 豎/站 | to stand |
| khoarn | 款 | 整理行李 | pack; prepare for travel |
| khuxn | 睏† | 睡 | sleep |
| khvoax | 看 | 看 | to see |
| kiernsiaux | 見笑 | 丟人 | feel ashamed; embarrassed |
| kiørsi | 叫是 | 以為 | assume; presume |
| korng | 講 | 講 | to say; to speak |
| koxng | 摃† | 打/摃 | hit |
| køeasyn | 過身 | 過世 | pass away; die |
| kviaa | 行 | 行走 | walk |
| kvoa | 捾† | 攜 | carry by a handle |
| kvoaa`tiøh | 寒著 | 著涼 | catch cold |
| laosae | 落屎 | 拉肚子/瀉肚子 | have loose bowel |
| larm | 攬 | 攬 | embrace/bear |
| liah | 掠 | 掠/捕 | catch; grasp |
| liam | 唸 | 唸 | to read; to recite |
| liaqzurn | 掠準 | 以為 | presume |
| liaxm | 捻† | 捻 | to drive; to expel |
| lym | 啉† | 喝/飲 | to drink |
| ngx | 向 | 向 | to face |
| oar | 倚 | 倚 | recline; lean on |
| ølør | 呵咾† | 讚美 | praise |
| parngsag | 放捒† | 放棄 | give up; abandon |
| phag | 覆/仆 | 覆/仆 | lying face down |
| phahkhachviux | 拍咳啾‡ | 打噴嚏 | sneeze |
| phahphvae`khix | 拍歹去‡ | to ruin; spoil; make a mess of something | |
| phak-jidthaau (phagjit) | 曝日頭 | 晒太陽 | be exposed to sunshine; sunbath |
| pharngkvix (phah'mxkvix) | 拍毋見‡ | 丟掉/不見 | lose; misplace |
| phoarpve | 破病 | 生病 | get sick |
| phvi | 鼻 | 聞/嗅 | smell |
| phuix | 呸† | 吐/翻臉/唾 | spit |
| po | 哺† | 哺 | chew |
| poah | 跋† | 跌 | fall down (see poah cidtør) |
| poaqkiao | 跋筊‡ | 賭博 | gamble |
| puun | 歕 | 吹 | to blow |
| saf | 捎 | 抓 | to grasp; to catch |
| siafphøef | 寫批 | 寫信 | to write a letter |
| siar | 寫 | 寫 | to write |
| siuu | 泅 | 泅 | to swim |
| siuxkhix | 受氣 | 生氣 | get angry; get upset |
| soahsoaq`khix | 煞煞去 | 算了 | to stop or discontinue with intention; call it off |
| søeaji | 細膩 | 小心 | be careful; concerned; deliberate; watchful |
| søf | 挲 | 搔/搓 | stroke; rub; pet |
| søo | 趖† | 爬行 | wonder around |
| suq | 欶 | 吸 | suck |
| tafm | 啖† | 嚐 | lick; taste |
| thef | 䖙† | 靠/躺 | recline; lean on |
| theh | 提† | 提/拿 | to lift; hold in the hand; grasp; take. cf. zhoa |
| thviaf | 聽 | 聽 | to listen |
| tiøo | 趒 | 跳 | jump |
| tngr`khix | 轉去 | 回去 | go home; go back |
| tong | 洞 | 洞 | poke; hole |
| tør`leq | 倒咧! | 倒哩! | lying down |
| tuhkw | 盹龜‡ | 打瞌睡 | doze |
| zaiviar | 知影 | 知道 | be aware of |
| zao | 走 | 跑/逃 | to run; to leave |
| zefng | 舂 | 舂 | hit |
| zhamsioong | 參詳 | 商量 | discuss; confer |
| zhoa | 𤆬† | 導/迎娶 | lead; guide; accompany; escort; show the way (cf. theh) |
| zhoafnkhuix | 喘氣 | 呼吸 | breathe |
| zhoaq | 掣 | 顫 | to shake; to tremble; to shiver |
| zhoxng | 創 | 創 | to do; to create; to establish |
| zhorngsviar | 創啥‡ | 創甚 | to do something |
| zhw | 趨‡ | 滑 | to slide |
| zhwn | 賰† | 剩 | to be left; to remain |
| zng (cvi) | 吮/舐 | 饌 | to lick |
| zuxn | 顫† | 抖 | shiver |
Adjectives (Heng'iongsuu)
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| bae | 䆀 | 醜 | ugly; mean |
| bø'eeng | 無閒‡ | 無閑 | busy |
| bøzhae | 無彩‡ | 可惜/白費 | too bad; regrettable |
| chirnzhae | 凊彩 | 隨便/馬虎 | one or other; either way |
| chiuchixn | 秋凊 | 涼快 | pleasantly cool |
| chvihun (svihun) | 生份 | 陌生/生疏 | strange; unfamiliar |
| cidkoar (cidkoafar) | 一寡‡ | 少許/一些 | some; a little; a few |
| cidsi'ar | 一絲仔‡ | 絲毫 | a little bit |
| cidsut'ar | 一屑仔† | 一點點 | a little bit |
| ciør | 少 | 少 | few |
| eng'eeng (uxeeng) | 閒閒 | 閒著沒事 | not busy |
| gaau | 𠢕 | 賢 | clever; good at …; wise |
| gong | 戇 | 傻 | stupid; silly |
| hanban (hamban) | 頇顢‡/頇ban | 愚笨 | incompetent; clumsy; unskillful |
| hiaau | 嬈† | 嬲 | lascivious; lewd |
| hiafm | 薟 | 辛 | hot; spicy |
| høfgiah | 好額 | 有錢 | rich |
| høfkhafng | 好空 | 好門路 | lucky; blessed |
| høfsex | 好勢 | 好勢 | settled; finished |
| huiekhix | 費氣 | 麻煩 | troublesome; difficult |
| hvoahie | 歡喜 | 高興 | glad ; happy |
| ientaau | 緣投 | 英俊 | handsome |
| jixncyn | 認真 | 認真 | serious |
| keksae | 激屎 | 傲慢 | snobbish; snooty; |
| khiao | 巧 | 聰明 | clever; intelligent |
| khiarngkhaf | 勥跤‡ | 精明/厲害 | shrewd; ambitious |
| khoaelok | 快樂 | 快樂 | happy |
| khofng | 悾 | 呆笨 | frantic; wild; maniac |
| khor | 苦 | 苦 | bitter |
| khinkhiam | 勤儉 | 勤儉 | hard-working and thrifty; diligent and frugal |
| kiaam | 鹹 | 鹹 | salty (also stingy) |
| kirn | 緊 | 快/急 | fast |
| kofix | 古意 | 忠厚/老實 | gentle; mild; well-behaved |
| kofzuy | 古錐 | 可愛 | cute |
| koarnsix | 慣勢 | 習慣 | used to; accustomed to |
| kutlat | 骨力 | 勤勞 | hard-working |
| kvialaang | 驚人‡ | dirty; filthy; soiled | |
| lau | 老 | 老 | old |
| lahsab | 垃圾‡ | 骯髒 | dirty; filthy |
| lixpien | 利便 | 便利 | convenient |
| og | 惡 | 不好的 | bad; evil |
| phahpviax | 拍拚 | 打拚 | work very hard; exerting the utmost strength |
| phvae | 歹† | 壞/惡/難 | bad; evil |
| phvaysex | 歹勢‡ | 不好意思 | embarrassed; shy; coy |
| pintvoa | 貧惰 | 怠惰 | lazy |
| sarnchiaq | 散赤 | 赤貧 | poor; poverty |
| segsai | 熟似 | 熟識 | familiar; reminiscent |
| siab | 澀 | rough; a slightly bitter taste that numbs the tongue | |
| siaolieen | 少年 | 少年 | young |
| sien | 𤺪† | 倦 | tired; sick of |
| simseg | 心適 | interesting | |
| siok | 俗 | cheap; not expensive | |
| siøfkhoar | 小可仔‡ | 稍微 | some; a little; a few |
| siongpurn | 傷本 | 高成本/花費大 | cost too much; too expensive; costly |
| sngf | 酸 | sour | |
| soong | 倯† | hick; clownish; bucolic; stupid | |
| søex | 細 | small; little | |
| suie | 媠† | 美 | beautiful |
| tarngsngf | 凍霜 | stingy | |
| taxmpøqar | 淡薄仔‡ | some; a little bit | |
| thiarm | 忝† | tired; weary | |
| thihkhie | 鐵齒 | stubborn (thihkhie-tanggezøo) | |
| thøfzex | 討債 | prodigal; in expenditure | |
| tiaau | 牢 | 牢/住 | tight |
| tiautit | 條直 | honest and straight-forward | |
| toa | 大 | 大 | big |
| tvy | 甜 | 甜 | sweet |
| voax | 晏 | 晚/遲 | late |
| zar | 早 | early | |
| zhengkhix | 清氣 | clean | |
| zøe | 濟† | 多 | plenty; many |
Nouns - blood relation and relations by marriage
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| acie | 阿姊 | older sister | |
| acirm | 阿嬸 | the wife of one’s father’s younger brother | |
| afng | 翁 | husband | |
| ahviaf | 阿兄 | older brother | |
| akim | 阿妗 | wife of maternal uncle | |
| akofng | 阿公 | grandfather | |
| aku | 阿舅 | mother’s brother | |
| amar | 阿媽 | grandmother | |
| amr | 阿姆 | the wife of one’s father’s older brother | |
| apeq | 阿伯 | father’s older brother | |
| azeg | 阿叔 | father’s younger brother | |
| bor | 某† | 妻 | wife |
| gyn'ar | 囡仔† | 孩子 | kids |
| hauxsvef | 後生 | 兒子 | son |
| khanchiuo`ee | 牽手 | wife | |
| kviafsaix | 囝婿 | son-in-law | |
| kviar | 囝 | 子 | child; son |
| mamaf (mafmaq) | 媽媽 | mother | |
| papaf (apaq) | 爸爸 | father | |
| Siensvy | 先生 | Mr.; Sir (see Siensvy) | |
| simpu (sinpu) | 新婦 | 媳婦 | daughter-in-law |
| siøfmoe | 小妹 | younger sister | |
| siøfti | 小弟 | younger brother | |
| sixtoa | 序大 | the senior; elder | |
| sun'ar | 孫仔‡ | grandchildren | |
| takef | 大家‡ | 婆婆 | husband’s mother |
| takvoaf | 大官‡ | 公公 | husband’s father |
| tangmngg`ee | 同門的‡ | 連襟 | the men whose wives are sisters |
| tangsai'ar (tangsai) | 同姒 | 妯娌 | the women whose husbands are brothers (tangsai) |
| Thaethaix | 太太 | Mrs. | |
| tviuxlaang | 丈人‡ | 岳父 | wife’s father |
| tviuxmr | 丈姆 | wife’s mother | |
| zabor-kviar | 查某囝 | daughter | |
| zapof-kviar | 查埔囝 | son |
Nouns describing body (sengkhw)
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| axmkurn | 頷頸‡ | neck | |
| bagbaai | 目眉 | eye brow | |
| bagciw | 目睭‡ | 眼睛 | eye |
| chiuo | 手 | hands | |
| chiwkhiaw | 手曲 | elbow | |
| exhaai | 下頦 | lower jaw | |
| hengkharm | 胸坎 | chest; thorax | |
| hvi | 耳 | ears | |
| hvixkhafng | 耳空 | ear hole/ear | |
| hvixzw | 耳珠 | ear lobe | |
| kengkahthaau | 肩胛頭 | shoulder | |
| khachiuo | 跤手 | 手和腳 | foot and hands |
| khaf | 跤 | 腳 | legs |
| khazhngf | 尻川† | 臀 | buttocks |
| na'aau | 嚨喉 | 咽喉 | throat |
| paktor | 腹肚 | stomach | |
| phvi (phvi'ar) | 鼻 | nose | |
| sengkhw | 身軀 | trunk; body | |
| thaukhag | 頭殼 | head | |
| thaumngg | 頭毛 | hair | |
| thauzafng | 頭鬃 | hair | |
| toxzaai | 肚臍 | belly button | |
| zhuie'extao | 喙下斗 | lower jaw | |
| zhuiekhie | 喙齒 | teeth | |
| zhuietuun | 喙脣 | lips | |
| zhuix | 喙 | mouth |
Nouns - general use
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| kankhor | 艱苦 | hardship | |
| loxeng/loxiong | 路用 | use | |
| miqkvia | 物件 | thing | |
| paxnsex | 範勢 | 辦勢 | condition; situation |
| sapbuun | 雪文‡ | soap | |
| senglie | 生理 | 生意 | business |
| sihnaq | 爍爁† | 閃電 | lightning |
| sofzai | 所在 | place; location | |
| taixcix | 代誌‡ | 事情 | thing |
| zhuopvy | 厝邊 | neighbor |
Nouns - Time (sikafn)
See also: sikafn
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| armsii | 暗時 | at night; night time | |
| armthau'ar | 暗頭仔‡ | evening | |
| au`jit | 後日 | the day after tomorrow | |
| auxjit | 後日 | 幾天後 | some other day in the future |
| bin'afzaix/mia'afzaix | 明仔載‡ | tomorrow | |
| bømee-bøjit | 無暝無日 | day in day out | |
| cidtiafm'ar-kuo | 一點仔久‡ | only a little bit long | |
| cidtiap'afkuo | 一霎仔†久 | in a moment | |
| cirnzeeng | 進前 | 無多久以前 | not long ago |
| citmar | 這馬† | 現在 | right now |
| citzun | 這陣† | 這時 | right now |
| e'hngf | 下昏‡ | 今昏 | tonight |
| e'axm | 下昏暗‡ | 今暗/今晚 | tonight |
| etaux | 下晝‡ | 今罩/今午 | this afternoon |
| expof | 下晡 | afternoon | |
| extaux | 下晝 | afternoon | |
| hiexntai | 現代 | modern | |
| hiøhjoah | 歇熱 | summer vacation | |
| hiøhkvoaa | 歇寒 | winter vacation | |
| jit`sii | 日時 | day time | |
| joaqthvy | 熱天 | summer | |
| khahtheng'ar | 較停仔‡ | in a very short time | |
| kin'afjit | 今仔日‡ | today | |
| kinnii | 今年 | this year | |
| køeakhix | 過去 | in the past | |
| kofzar | 古早 | long long ago | |
| kuxnii | 舊年 | last year | |
| kvoathvy | 寒天 | winter | |
| Lefpaix-jit | 禮拜日 | Sunday | |
| Pae'id | 拜一 | 禮拜一 | Monday |
| Pae'ji | 拜二 | 禮拜二 | Tuesday |
| Pae'svaf | 拜三 | 禮拜三 | Wednesday |
| Pae'six | 拜四 | 禮拜四 | Thursday |
| Pae'go | 拜五 | 禮拜五 | Friday |
| Pae'lak | 拜六 | 禮拜六 | Saturday |
| sincviaf | 新正 | Lunar New Year | |
| tangthvy | 冬天 | winter | |
| thao'axm | 透暗 | all night; very late at night | |
| thaomee/thaomii | 透暝 | all night | |
| thaozar | 透早 | very early in the morning | |
| thaozar-thao'axm | 透早透暗 | day or night | |
| thautwar | 頭拄仔‡ | not long ago | |
| thvy-kngf | 天光 | dawn; at dawn | |
| tiongtaux | 中晝 | noon | |
| tviaxtvia | 定定 | quite often | |
| twciaq | 拄才‡ | 剛剛 | just now; just a moment ago |
| za'axm | 昨暗 | last night | |
| zafban | 早慢 | sooner or later | |
| zafkhie | 早起 | morning | |
| za'hngf/zaqhngf | 昨昏 | 昨天 | yesterday |
| zhunthvy | 春天 | 春天 | spring |
| zøh`jit | 昨日 | 前天 | the day before yesterday |
| zuun`nii | 前年‡ | the year before last year |