TL
TL (臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案; Tâi-uân Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn; MTL: Taioaan Lømafji Pheng'ym Hong'axn) is derived from Pe̍h-ōe-jī and has been officially promoted by the Ministry of Education since 2006.
Dialectal Vowels
In TRS, r denotes dialectical vowels found in the regions of Lukang, Sanxia, Taipei, Kinmen, Magong, and Hsinchu, which tend toward Zoanciw accent.
| Tâi-lô | IPA | Description | Example (MLT-based) |
# Entries in DFT |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ir | [ɨ] | close central unrounded vowel, between i and u | hɨi, hancɨi, lauxsɨf | 56 |
| er | [ə] | Schwa / mid central vowel | zhanləe, linsəfm | ~90 |
| ere | [əe] | Schwa + e (øe), exclusive to Samkiab | køef, khøef, tøe | 83 |
- ee, the open-mid front unrounded vowel ([ɛ]), is not used in Taiwanese but found in Ciangciw Hokkien
Tone markings
- tone markings:
- Tone 6: still found in Lukang accent
- Tone 9: marked with the double acute accent (e.g. a̋, as in bua̋-kín, contraction of bøo-iaokirn), appears in 16 entries