Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji

Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji (台語常用460字; 460 Common Taiwanese Words) written in MTL. See also Common Taiwanese phrases. Source: Taiguo Siong’iong 460-ji (台語文協會/2004年黃美雲整理)

Personal pronouns

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MTL	THJ	MSM	ENG
goar	我	我	I; me
gurn	阮	我們/我的	we; us; (not including listener)
goarn	阮	我/我們/我等/咱們	we; us; (not including listener)
kaki	家己	自己	self
larn	咱	我們/咱	we; us; (includes listener)
lie	你/妳	你/妳/汝	you
lirn	恁	你們/你的/你們的	you (plural/exclusive)
tag'ee	逐個	各個/每個	everybody
taixkef	大家	大家	everybody; all the people
y	伊	他/她/祂	he; she; it; his; her
yn	NA	他們/他的	they; them

Demonstrative pronouns

Listen

MTL	THJ	MSM	ENG
cidee	一个	一個	one
ciaf^	遮	這裡	here
ciah'ee/ciafee	遮的	這些	these
ciahniq'	即呢	這麼	such; so
cit'ee	這个	這個	this one
citkhoarn	這款	這種/這樣	this kind of
hef	彼	那	that one
hiah'ee	遐的	那些	those
hiaf^	遐	那裡	there
hiahniq'	NA	那麼	in that way
hit'ee	彼个	那個	that one
hitkhoarn	彼款	那款	that kind of
sviafkhoarn	啥款/甚款	怎麼樣	what kind
symmih'khoarn	什麼款	什麼樣	what do you think
zef^	這	這	this one

Usage notes:

• ^: these words never change tone (tone sandhi).
• ': words ending with apostrophe are pronounced as is, also do not tone sandhi.

Interrogative pronouns

Listen

MTL	THJ	MSM	ENG
joaxkuo	偌久	多久	how long
joaxtoa	偌大	多大	how big
joaxzQe	偌儕	多少	how many; how much
kuyee	幾个	幾個	how many
kuyjit	幾日	幾日	how many days
kuykafng	幾工	幾天	how many days
kuytiarm	幾點	幾點	what time it is
nar	那	怎	how; why; what
nar Qe	那會	怎會	how come; how could this be possible
sviafhQex	啥貨/甚貨	甚麼/什麼東西	what
sviaflaang	啥人	哪個/孰/誰/誰人/誰個	who
sviar	啥	甚	what
symmih	甚物	什麼	what
symmih'laang	甚物人	什麼人	who
tafcidee	哪一个	哪一個	which one
tafcidhang	哪一項	哪一項	which item
tafcidui	哪一位	哪一位	which one
tangsii	當時	何時	when
tafui	哪位	那裡	where
tQfui	叨位	那裡	where
uixhQo	為何	因何/為什麼/為何	why; for what
uixsymmih	為甚物	為什麼	why; for what

Conjunctions

Listen

MTL	THJ	MSM	ENG
afnny	按呢	這樣子/如此	well…then
afnzvoar	按怎	何以/怎的/怎麼	how
ar	而	而	but; still
chinchviu	親像	就像	as; such as; as if
citmar	這碼	現在	at this moment
hafntid	罕得	少有/難得	rarely; seldom
hQfkazaix	好佳哉	幸好/幸虧	fortunately
iar	或/抑	抑	or
in'ui/sofie	因為…所以		because…therefore
kab	佮	和	and; with
kiafmzhae	減采	假使	perhaps
kaxngkhoarn	共款	一樣/同樣/相同/相像	same ; similar
koputciofng	姑不將	不得已/無奈何	be obliged; have no choice but to; reluctant
lofngzorng	攏總	一共/一總/打總兒/全部	all; collectively
ma	嘛	也/亦	also; too
mxbiern	毋免	不免/不必	not necessary; unnecessary; not have to
mxkuo	m̄-kú	不過/然而	but
mxna	m̄但	不只/不光/不但	not only…
na	若	若/如果	if
suxnsoax	順紲	附帶/趁便/順便	conveniently
pwntQea	本底	本來/原本/先前	at first; originally
taxnsi	但是	但是	but
tiaukafng	特工	特意	on purpose
tiaukorix	特故意	存心/成心/刻意/故意	on purpose
tvaf	今	現在/如今	now
twciaq	N/A	適即/剛剛	moment ago

Auxiliary verbs

MTL	THJ	MSM	ENG
aix	愛	喜歡/想要/愛	want; like
borng	罔	姑且/將就	content oneself with; may as well
bQe	未	不會	be not able to; not willing to
bQeq	欲	要/如果/快要	want; like
bQexhiao	未曉	不會	don’t know
bQexsae	未使	不可以	it can not be; be not able to
bQextaxng	未taxng	未為/不能	it can not be; be not able to
laai	來	來	let’s ; come
m	毋	不	not
maix	N/A	勿/毋	do not
mxthafng	m̄通	不可	may not
Qe	會	會/能	be able and willing to
Qexhiao	會曉	能曉/會	know
Qexsae	會使	能使/可以	it may
Qextaxng	會taxng	能為/可以	be able to
Qextitthafng	會得通	可以	it can be; be able to
phvae	歹	壞/惡/難	it’s bad to
thafng	通	通過/可以	may
tiQqaix	著愛	須	have to

Adverbs

MTL	THJ	MSM	ENG
bQo-tviutii	無張持	沒注意/不小心	unexpectedly
ciog	足	足/很	very; very much
ciu	就	就	then
cyn-	真	真	very
cviaa	誠	很	very much
iao	猶	還/尚	not yet
iawbQe	猶未	尚未	not yet
juo…juo	愈…愈	愈…愈	the more…the more
kaix	界	最	very
kaq	?	與	to
kantvaf	干單	只有	only; merely
khaq	較	比較/更/再	more
kQhkhaq	閣較	更較/復較	even more
kQq	閣	再/還/更加	again; more
kuikhix	歸氣/規氣	索性/乾脆	simply; totally
liampvy	連鞭	馬上	at once
lorng	攏	都/皆/全部	all
luo…luo	愈…愈	愈…愈	the more…the more
niaxnia	而而	而已	only
siong	尚/最	尚/最	the most
sioxngkaix	上界	最	the most
suii	隨	馬上	immediately
svakab	相及/相合	一起	together
sviw	傷	太	too much; too many
teq	在	正在	in the process of
thaix	太	太	very
thaothaux	透透	透徹	thoroughly
tQ	就	?	yet; though; then
tvaf hai`aq	今害矣	?	too bad
twtwafhQr	抵抵好	剛剛好	just right

Prepositions

MTL	THJ	MSM	ENG
ciaux	照	照	fellow
ciofng	將	將	going to ; about to
ho	予	給/乎	to; by
ka	共	給/跟	with; to
kab		和	with; and
kaux	到/夠	到/夠	to; enough
kuozai	據在	隨便	indiscreetly; at one’s convenience
pie	比	比	compare
suizai	隨在	任憑/任由	at one’s convenience; no matter; regardless
ti	佇	在	at; in
tiaxm		站/在	at; in
ti teq		正在	in the process of
tngf	當	當	when; at that moment
tuix	對	對	right; correct
tuy		從	from
uixtiQh	為著	為了	for the sake of

Suffix particles indicating mood

1. `aq...an enclitics at the end of sentence to mark the completion of action
2. `ax...an enclitic at the end of sentence to mark the completion of action
3. `bQe...did… or not
4. `bQo...yes or not
5. `hvoq...an enclitics at the end of sentence to indicate emphasize on interrogative mood
6. `jiblaai...come in here
7. `jibkhix...get in there
8. jip`laai...come in
9. jip`khix...to go in
10. khix`aq...enclitics affixes to verbs to express completion of action
11. `khylaai...get up to here
12. `khykhix...get up to there
13. `khylix...get up
14. khvoarmai...just try it to see
15. laq...an enclitics at the end of sentence to indicate recognition; affirmative; impatience; completion; request
16. leq...an enclitics at the end of sentence to indicate command; emphasize on interrogative mood
17. lQq...an enclitics at the end of sentence to indicate completion; exclamation; or emphasize
18. `lQqkhix...downward to there
19. `lQqlaai...downward to here
20. oq...an enclitics at the end of sentence to indicate caution; exclamation;
21. Qexsae`tid...okay; can be; may
22. tiQh...affix to many verbs expressing accomplishment or taking effect

Verbs

MTL	THJ	MSM	ENG
aix	愛	喜歡/想要/愛	love; like
ao	拗	折/扭曲	break and snap
barn	挽	拔	pluck
biq	?	匿/逃避/躲	hide
bQviar	無影	無影	no such thing; groundless; unsubstantiated
chi	飼	飼	raise; feed
chiaau	?	移/調整	to adjust; to move
chiQf	?	好色	be horny
chitthQo	?	玩耍	play; have fun
chviaa	晟	成/栽培	to raise kids
chviar	請	請	to request; to ask; to invite
chviax	倩	聘僱/僱用	hire
chviux	唱	唱	to sing
ciah	食	吃	to eat
ciaokhykafng	照起工	按部就班	keep to the working routine
cym	唚	吻	to kiss
giaa	夯	抬	carry heavy thing over the shoulder
giexn	?	癮/渴望	to crave; addict
giin	?	睨/凝	stare
hahhi	哈唏	喝噓/打哈欠	yawn
hao	吼	哭/叫	roar; howl
haxmbiin	陷眠	做夢	talk in one's sleep; dreaming
hiaam	嫌	嫌	to detest; to dislike
hiin	眩	眩/暈	dizzy
hipsiong	翕相	照相	take a picture
hiQq	歇	休息	rest
hiw	咻	喊	scream; shout
hoaq	喝	喊	shout
i	?	玩	play
jiarng	嚷	嚷	shout
jiog	?	追	to chase; to follow
kaam	含	含/唅	hold in the mouth
kah'ix	佮意	中意	feel satisfied; take delight
kaxn	幹	姦	intercourse
kerng	揀	揀	choose; select
khausQea	khaw+洗	刨說	give sarcastic; ironical caustic comments
khaw	?	諷刺/刮/刨	speak ironically
khia	徛	豎/站	stand
khoarn	款	整理行李	pack; prepare for travel
khuxn	睏	睡	sleep
khvoax	看	看	to see
kiernsiaux	見笑	丟人	feel ashamed; embarrassed
kiQrsi	叫是	以為	assume; presume
korng	講	講	to say; to speak
koxng	摃	打/摃	hit
kQeasyn	過身	過世	pass away; die
kviaa	行	行走	walk
kvoa	?	攜	carry by a handle
kvoaa`tiQh	寒著	著涼	catch cold
laosae	落屎	拉肚子/瀉肚子	have loose bowel
larm	攬	攬	embrace
liah	掠	掠/捕	catch; grasp
liam	唸	唸	to read; to recite
liaqzurn	掠準	以為	presume
liaxm	捻	捻	to drive; to expel
lym	啉	喝/飲	to drink
ngx	向	向	face
oar	倚	倚	recline; lean on
QlQr	呵咾	讚美	praise
parngsag	放皀	放棄	give up; abandon
phag	覆/仆	覆/仆	lying face down
phahkhachviux	拍KC	打腳唱/打噴嚏	sneeze
phahphvae`khix	拍歹去	打歹去	ruin; spoil; make a mess of something
phak jidthaau	曝日頭	晒太陽	be exposed to sunshine; sunbath
pharngkvix		丟掉/不見	lose; misplace
phoarpvi	破病	生病	get sick
phvi	鼻	聞/嗅	smell
phuix	呸	吐/翻臉/呸/唾	spit
po	哺	哺	chew
poah	跋	跋/跌	fall down
poaqkiao		賭博	gamble
puun	歕	吹	to blow
saf		抓	to grasp; to catch
siafphQef	寫批	寫信	to write a letter
siar	寫	寫	to write
siongpurn	傷本	高成本/花費大	cost too much; too expensive; costly
siuu	泅	泅	to swim
siuxkhix	受氣	生氣	get angry; get upset
soahsoaq`khix	煞煞去	算了	stop or discontinue with intention; call it off
sQeaji	細膩	小心	be careful; concerned; deliberate; watchful
sQf	搔/搓	搔/搓	stroke; rub; pet
sQo	趖	爬行	wonder around
suq		吸	suck
tafm		嚐	lick; taste
thef	撐	靠/躺	recline; lean on
theh		提/拿	to lift
thviaf	聽	聽	to listen
tiQo	跳	跳	jump
tngr`khix	轉去	回去	go home; go back
tong	洞	洞	poke; hole
tQr`leq	倒哩!	倒哩!	lying down
tuhkw	盹龜	打瞌睡	doze
zaiviar	知影	知道	be aware of
zao	走	跑/逃	to run; to leave
zefng	舂	舂	hit
zhamsioong	參詳	商量	discuss; confer
zhoa	娶/導	迎娶	lead; guide; accompany; escort; show the way
zhoafnkhuix	喘氣	呼吸	breathe
zhoaq		顫	to shake; to tremble; to shiver
zhoarnsviu	串想	幻想	fantasy
zhorngsviar	創啥	創甚	do what
zhoxng	創	創	to do; to create; to establish
zhw	趨	趄	slide
zhwn	剩	剩	more than enough
zng	吮	饌	lick
zuxn	顫	抖	shiver

Adjectives

1. bae...ugly; mean
2. bQ'eeng...busy
3. bQzhae...too bad; regrettable
4. chirnzhae...one or other; either way
5. chiuchixn...pleasantly cool
6. chvihun...strange; unfamiliar
7. cidkoar...some; a little; a few
8. cidsi'ar...a little bit
9. cidsut'ar...a little bit
10. ciQr...few
11. eng'eeng...not busy
12. gaau...clever; good at …; wise
13. gong...stupid; silly
14. hamban...incompetent; clumsy; unskillful
15. hiaau...lascivious; lewd
16. hiafm...hot; spicy
17. hQfgiah...rich
18. hQfkhafng...lucky; blessed
19. hQfsex...settled; finished
20. huiekhix...troublesome; difficult
21. hvoahie...glad ; happy
22. ientaau...handsome
23. jixncyn...serious
24. keksae...snobbish; snooty;
25. khiao...clever; intelligent
26. khiarngkhaf...shrewd; ambitious
27. khoaelok...happy
28. khofng...frantic; wild; maniac
29. khor...bitter
30. khunkhiam...hard-working and thrifty; diligent and frugal
31. kiaam...salty
32. kirn...fast
33. kofix...gentle; mild; well-behaved
34. kofzuy...cute
35. koarnsix...used to; accustomed to
36. kutlat...hard-working
37. kvialaang...dirty; filthy; soiled
38. lau...old
39. lahsab...dirty; filthy
40. lixpien...convenient
41. og...bad; evil
42. phahpviax...work very hard; exerting the utmost strength
43. phvae...bad; evil
44. phvaysex...embarrassed; shy; coy
45. pintvoa...lazy
46. sarnchiaq...poor; poverty
47. segsai...familiar; reminiscent
48. siab...rough; a slightly bitter taste that numbs the tongue
49. siaolieen...young
50. sien...tired; sick of
51. simseg...interesting
52. siok...cheap; not expensive
53. siQfkhoar...some; a little; a few
54. sngf...sour
55. soong...hick; clownish; bucolic; stupid
56. sQex...small; little
57. suie...beautiful
58. tarngsngf...stingy
59. taxmpQqar...some; a little bit
60. thiarm...tired
61. thihkhie...stubborn
62. thQfzex...prodigal; in expenditure
63. tiaau...tight
64. tiautit...honest and straight-forward
65. toa...big
66. tvy...sweet
67. voax...late
68. zar...early
69. zhengkhix...clean
70. zQe...plenty; many

Nouns - blood relation and relations by marriage

1. acie...older sister
2. acirm...the wife of one's father's younger brother
3. afng...husband
4. ahviaf...older brother
5. akim...wife of maternal uncle
6. akofng...grandfather
7. aku...mother's brother
8. amar...grandmother
9. amr...the wife of one's father's older brother
10. apeq...father's older brother
11. azeg...father's younger brother
12. bor...wife
13. gyn'ar...kids
14. hauxsvy...son
15. khanchiuo...wife
16. kviafsaix...son-in-law
17. kviar...child; son
18. mamaf...mother
19. papaf...father
20. Siensvy...Mr.; Sir
21. simpu...daughter-in-law
22. siQfmoe...younger sister
23. siQfti...younger brother
24. sixtoa...the senior; elder
25. sun'ar...grandchildren
26. takef...husband's mother
27. takvoaf...husband's father
28. tangmngg`ee...the men whose wives are sisters
29. tangsai...the women whose husbands are brothers
30. Thaethaix...Mrs.
31. tviuxlaang...wife's father
32. tviuxmr...wife's mother
33. zabor-kviar...daughter
34. zapof-kviar...son

Nouns describing body

1. axmkurn...neck
2. bagbaai...eye brow
3. bagciw...eye
4. chiuo...hands
5. chiwkhiaw...elbow
6. exhaai...lower jaw
7. hengkharm...chest; thorax
8. hvi...ears
9. hvixkhafng...ear hole/ear
10. hvixzw...ear lobe
11. kengkahthaau...shoulder
12. khachiuo...foot and hands
13. khaf...legs
14. khazhngf...buttocks
15. na'aau...throat
16. paktor...stomach
17. phvi (phvi'ar)...nose
18. sengkhw...trunk; body
19. thaukhag...head
20. thaumngg...hair
21. thauzafng...hair
22. toxzaai...belly button
23. zhuie'extao...lower jaw
24. zhuiekhie...teeth
25. zhuietuun...lips
26. zhuix...mouth

Nouns - general use

1. kankhor...hardship
2. loxiong...use
3. miqkvia...thing
4. paxnsex...condition; situation
5. sapbuun...soap
6. senglie...business
7. sihnax...lightning
8. sofzai...place; location
9. taixcix...thing
10. zhuopvy...neighbor

Nouns - Time

1. armsii...at night; night time
2. armthau'ar...evening
3. au`jit...the day after tomorrow
4. auxjit...some other day in the future
5. bQmii-bQjit...day in day out
6. cidtiafm'afkuo...only a little bit long
7. cidtiap'afkuo...in a moment
8. cirnzeeng...not long ago
9. citmar...right now
10. citzun...right now
11. ehngf...tonight
12. eng'axm...tonight
13. etaux...this afternoon
14. expof...afternoon
15. extaux...afternoon
16. hiexntai...modern
17. hiQhjoah...summer vacation
18. hiQhkvoaa...winter vacation
19. jit`sii...day time
20. joaqthvy...summer
21. khahtheng'ar...in a very short time
22. kin'afjit...today
23. kinnii...this year
24. kofzar...long long ago
25. kQeakhix...in the past
26. kuxnii...last year
27. kvoathvy...winter
28. Lefpaix-jit...Sunday
29. min'afzaix...tomorrow
30. Paix-id...Monday
31. Paix-ji...Tuesday
32. Paix-svaf...Wednesday
33. Paix-six...Thursday
34. Paix-go...Friday
35. Paix-lak...Saturday
36. sincviaf...lunar new year
37. tangthvy...winter
38. thao'axm...all night; very late at night
39. thaomii...all night
40. thaozar...very early in the morning
41. thaozar-thao'axm...day or night
42. thautwar...not long ago
43. thvikngf...dawn; at dawn
44. tiongtaux...noon
45. tviaxtvia...quite often
46. twciaq...just now; just a moment ago
47. za'axm...last night
48. zafban...sooner or later
49. zafkhie...morning
50. zahngf...yesterday
51. zhunthvy...spring
52. zQjit...the day before yesterday
53. zuun`nii...the year before last year

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