Bungieen kab peqoe: Difference between revisions

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'''{{tts|Buun-peh-i-thak}}''' (文白異讀; {{w|Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters}})
'''{{x|Bungieen kab peqoe}}''', {{gsw|buun-pek i-thok|文白異讀|Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters}}


==Literary vs colloquial ==
[[Category:Gwgieen-hak]]
'''Literary readings''' ({{tts|bunthak}}) of [[Harnji]] are usually used in formal loan words or names, when reading aloud and in formal settings, while '''colloquial readings''' ({{tts|peqthak}}) are usually used in vernacular speech. For example, [[wikt:白|白]] can be read either "{{tts|pek}}" (literary) or "{{tts|peh}}" (colloquial). The existence of literary and colloquial readings is a prominent feature of some [[Hokkiexn-oe|Hokkien]] dialects and indeed in many Sinitic varieties in the south.
 
Unlike other spoken Chinese varieties, characters used to write [[Zoanciw]] Hokkien have ''three'' different kinds of readings! The additional one is ''vulgar'' (俗 ''{{tts|siok}}''). For example, [[wikt:肉|肉]] (meat):
 
*bunthak: ''{{tts|jiok}}''
*peqthak: ''{{tts|hek}}''
*siok: ''{{tts|baq}}'' ([[baq]] is the most commonly used)
 
== Examples ==
The following examples<ref>Victor H. Mair, [http://pinyin.info/readings/mair/taiwanese.html How to Forget Your Mother Tongue and Remember Your National Language], University of Pennsylvania</ref> show differences in literary and colloquial readings in [[Taiwanese Hokkien]].
 
=== Harnji Readings ===
{{HokkienLiteraryColloquial}}
 
=== Sorji (數字; Numbers) ===
This feature extends to {{w|Chinese numerals}}, which have both literary and colloquial readings. Literary readings are typically used when the numerals are read out loud (e.g. phone numbers), while colloquial readings are used for counting items.
 
{{HokkienLiteraryColloquial-Num}}
*Bunthak: {{tts|0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.}}
*Peqthak: {{tts|cit,nng,svaf,six,go,lak,chid,peq,kao}}
For more detail, see [[Sorji]] and [[Tiexn'oe]]
 
==More details==
In [[Hokkiexn-oe|Hokkien]], reading pronunciations (''{{tts|thag'ym}}'' 讀音) differ from spoken pronunciations/explications (''{{tts|gwym}}'' 語音/''{{tts|kayseq}}'' 解說). Hokkien dictionaries in Taiwan often differentiate between such character readings with the prefixes [[wikt:文|文]] ({{tts|buun}}) for literary readings, and 白 (pek/peh) for colloquial readings.
 
The bulk of literary readings (''{{tts|bunthak}}'' 文讀) are based on pronunciations of the vernacular during the Tang ([[Toong]]) dynasty and mainly used in formal phrases and written language (e.g. philosophical concepts, surnames, and some place names). For example, see [[Most Common Surnames in Taiwan]] and [[Laixgoaxkhøf Kharnhoxhak]]. Literary readings tend to be more similar to the pronunciations of the Tang standard of [[Middle Chinese]] than their colloquial equivalents. The colloquial (or vernacular) readings (''{{tts|peqthak}}'' 白讀) are basically used in spoken language and vulgar (ordinary/common) phrases.
 
The divergence between literary and colloquial is due to several strata in the Min lexicon. The earliest, colloquial stratum is traced to the {{w|Han Dynasty}} (206 BCE - 220 CE, [[Haxn]]); the second colloquial one comes from the period of the {{w|Southern and Northern Dynasties}} (420 - 589 CE, [[Lampaktiaau]]); the third stratum of pronunciations (typically literary ones) comes from the {{w|Tang Dynasty}} (618 – 907 AD, [[Toong]]). (Note: this could be why literary readings sound closer to [[Mandarin]] than colloquial.)
 
==Source ==
*{{w|Hokkien dialect#Literary_and_colloquial_readings}}
 
[[Category: Gwgienhak]]

Latest revision as of 14:12, 25 January 2024

Bungieen kab peqoe, buun-pek i-thok (文白異讀 Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters)

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