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'''460 Common Taiwanese Words''' written in [[MTL]]. See also [[Common Taiwanese Phrases]].
'''''Taiguo Siong'iong 460 ji''''' (台語常用460字; ''460 Frequently-Used Taiwanese Words'') written in [[Modern Literal Taiwanese]] with English definitions. Adapted from: 黃美雲 (2004) [https://learntaiwanese.org/english/misc/460ji.doc ''Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji''] [''460 Common Taiwanese Words'']. 台語文協會.  


==== Personal pronouns ====
== Personal pronouns ==
[http://taigie.taioaan.org/english/audio/460A.mp3 Listen]
Main article: [[Personal pronouns]]
#goar...I; me
#[[gurn]]...we; us; (not including listener)
#[[goarn]]...we; us; (not including listener)
#kaki...self
#[[larn]]...we; us; (includes listener)
#lie...you
#[[lirn]]...you (plural/exclusive)
#tag'ee...everybody
#[[taixkef]]...everybody; all the people
#y...he; she; it; his; her
#[[yn]]...they; them


==== Demonstrative pronouns ====
[[File:460A.mp3]]
[http://taigie.taioaan.org/english/audio/460B.mp3 Listen]
{| class="wikitable"
#cidee...one
! MTL || THJ || Hoaguo || Engguo
#[[ciaf]]...here
|-
#ciah'ee...these
| {{x|goar}} ||我||我||I; me
#[[ciahniq]]'...such; so
|-
#cit'ee...this one
| {{x|gurn}} ||{{tj|阮}}||我們/我的||we; us; (not including listener)
#citkhoarn...this kind of
|-
#[[hef]]...that one
| {{x|goarn}} ||{{tj|阮}}||我/我們/我等/咱們||we; us; (not including listener)
#hiah'ee...those
|-
#[[hiaf]]...there
| {{x|kaki}} ||{{wt|家己}}||自己||self
#hiahniq'...in that way
|-
#hit'ee...that one
| {{x|larn}} ||{{tj|咱}}||我們/咱||we; us; (includes listener)
#hitkhoarn...that kind ofz
|-
#sviafkhoarn...what kind
| {{x|lie}} ||{{wt|汝}}/{{tj|你}}/妳||你/妳/汝||you
#symmih'khoarn...what do you think
|-
#[[zef]]...this one
| {{x|lirn}} ||{{tj|恁}}||你們/你的/你們的||you (plural/exclusive)
|-
| {{x|tag'ee}} ||{{wt|逐个}}||各個/每個||everybody
|-
| [[taixkef]] ({{x|tagkef}}) ||{{wt|大家}}||大家||everybody; all the people
|-
| {{x|y}} ||{{wt|伊}}||他/她/祂||he; she; it; his; her
|-
| {{x|yn}} ||{{tj|𪜶}} ||他們/他的||they; them
|}


==== Interrogative pronouns ====
== Demonstrative pronouns ==
[http://taigie.taioaan.org/english/audio/460C.mp3 Listen]
[[File:460B.mp3]]
#joaxkuo...how long
{| class="wikitable"
#joaxtoa...how big
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
#joaxzQe...how many; how much
|-
#kuyee...how many
| {{x|cidee}} || cid个 ||一個||one
#kuyjit...how many days
|-
#kuykafng...how many days
| {{x|ciaf}}^ ||{{tj|遮}}||這裡||here
#kuytiarm...what time it is
|-
#nar...how; why; what
| {{x|ciah'ee}} ({{x|ciaf`ee}})  ||{{tj|遮的}}||這些||these
#nar Qe...how come; how could this be possible
|-
#sviafhQex...what
| {{x|ciahniq}}' ({{x|ciahni}}) ||{{tj|遮爾}} ||這麼||such; so
#sviaflaang...who
|-
#sviar...what
| {{x|cit'ee}} || cit个 ||這個||this one
#symmih...what
|-
#symmih'laang...who
| {{x|citkhoarn}} ||cit款 ||這種/這樣||this kind of
#tafcidee...which one
|-
#tafcidhang...which item
| {{x|hef}}^ ||{{tj|彼}} ||那||that one
#tafcidui...which one
|-
#tangsii...when
| {{x|hiah'ee}} ({{x|hiaf`ee}}) ||{{tj|遐的}} ||那些||those
#tafui...where
|-
#tQfui...where
| {{x|hiaf}}^ ||{{tj|遐}} ||那裡||there
#uixhQo...why; for what
|-
#ui-symmih...why; for what
| {{x|hiahniq}}' ({{x|hiahni}}) ||{{tj|遐爾}} ||那麼||in that way
|-
| {{x|hit'ee}} ||{{ptj|彼个}} ||那個||that one
|-
| {{x|hitkhoarn}} ||{{ptj|彼款}} ||那款||that kind of
|-
| {{x|sviafkhoarn}} ||{{ptj|啥款}} ||怎麼樣||what kind
|-
| {{x|symmih'khoarn}} ||symmih款 ||什麼樣||what do you think
|-
| {{x|zef}}^ ||{{tj|這}}||這||this one
|}


==== Conjunctions ====
[[Tone sandhi]] exceptions:
#afnny...well…then
* ^: words that never change tone.
#afnzvoar...how
* ': words ending with apostrophe, which will be directly followed by another word with no space.
#ar...but; still
 
#chinchviu...as; such as; as if
== Interrogative pronouns ==
#[[citmar]]...at this moment
[[File:460C.mp3]]
#[[hafntid]]...rarely; seldom
{| class="wikitable"
#[[hQfkazaix]]...fortunately
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
#iar...or
|-
#in'ui…sofie...because…therefore
| {{x|joaxkuo}} || {{ptj|偌久}} ||多久 ||how long
#kab...and; with
|-
#kiafmzhae...perhaps
| {{x|joaxtoa}} (goaxtoa) || {{ptj|偌大}} ||多大 ||how big
#kaxngkhoarn...same ; similar
|-
#koputciofng...be obliged; have no choice but to; reluctant
| [[joaxzøe]] ({{x|goaxzøe}}) ||{{tj|偌濟}} ||多少 ||how many; how much
#lofngzorng...all; collectively
|-
#ma...also; too
| {{x|kuyee}} ||幾个 ||{{wt|幾個}} ||how many
#mxbiern...not necessary; unnecessary; not have to
|-
#mxkuo...but
| {{x|kuyjit}} ||幾日 ||幾日 ||how many days
#mxna...not only…
|-
#na...if
| {{x|kuykafng}} ||{{wt|幾工}} ||幾天 ||how many days
#suxnsoax...conveniently
|-
#pwntQea...at first; originally
| {{x|kuytiarm}} ||幾點 ||幾點 ||what time it is
#taxnsi...but
|-
#tiaukafng...on purpose
| {{x|nar}} ||{{tj|哪}} ||怎 ||how; why; what
#[[tiaukorix]]...on purpose
|-
#tvaf...now
| {{x|nar øe}} ({{x|naføe}}) ||{{tj|哪會}} ||怎會 ||how come; how could this be possible
#twciaq...moment ago
|-
Auxiliary verbs
| {{x|sviafhøex}} || {{ptj|啥貨|sviaf貨}} ||甚麼/什麼東西 ||what
#[[aix]]...want; like
|-
#borng...content oneself with; may as well
| {{x|sviaflaang}} ||{{tj|啥人}} ||哪個/孰/誰/誰人/誰個 ||who
#bQe...be not able to; not willing to
|-
#bQeq...want; like
| {{x|sviar}} ||{{tj|啥}} ||甚 ||what
#bQexhiao...don't know
|-
#bQexsae...it can not be; be not able to
| [[symmih]]^ ({{x|sviafmiq}}, {{x|sviafmih}}) || {{ptj|啥物|sym物}} ||什麼 ||what
#bQextaxng...it can not be; be not able to
|-
#laai...let's ; come
| {{x|symmih'laang}} ({{x|sviaflaang}}) ||sym物laang ||什麼人 ||who
#m...not
|-
#[[maix]]...do not
| {{x|tafcidee}} ({{x|tøfcidee}}) || {{ptj|佗一个|tøfcid个}} ||哪一個 ||which one
#mxthafng...may not
|-
#Qe...be able and willing to
| {{x|tafcidhang}} ({{x|tøfcidhang}}) ||tøfcid項 ||哪一項 ||which item
#Qexhiao...know
|-
#Qexsae...it may
| {{x|tafcidui}} ({{x|tøfcidui}}) ||tøfcid位 ||哪一位 ||which one
#Qextaxng...be able to
|-
#Qextitthafng...it can be; be able to
| {{x|tangsii}} ||{{wt|當時}} ||何時 ||when
#phvae...it's bad to
|-
#thafng...may
| [[tafui]] ({{x|tøfui}}) || {{ptj|佗位|tøf位}} ||那裡 ||where
#tiQqaix...have to
|-
==== Adverbs ====
| {{x|uixhøo}} ||{{wt|為何}} ||因何/為什麼/為何 ||why; for what
#bQo-tviutii...unexpectedly
|-
#ciog...very; very much
| {{x|ui-symmih}}^ ({{x|ui}} {{x|sviafmiq}})^ || {{ptj|為甚物|為sym物}} ||為什麼 ||why; for what. see ''[[si-afnzvoar]]''
#ciu...then
|}
#cyn-...very
 
#cviaa...very much
== Conjunctions ==
#iao...not yet
[[File:460_Conjunctions.mp3]]
#iawbQe...not yet
{| class="wikitable"
#juo… juo...the more…the more
! MTL  || THJ  || MSM  || ENG
#kaix...very
|-
#kaq...to
| {{x|afnnef}}/{{x|afnny}}  ||{{tj|按呢}} ||這樣子 / 如此 ||well…then
#kantvaf...only; merely
|-
#khaq...more
| {{x|afnzvoar}}  || {{ptj|按怎}} ||何以 / 怎的 / 怎麼 ||how
#kQhkhaq...even more
|-
#kQq...again; more
| {{x|chinchviu}} ||{{wt|親像}}  ||就像 ||as; such as; as if
#kuikhix...simply; totally
|-
#liampvy...at once
| {{x|citmar}} || {{ptj|這馬|cit馬}} / {{wt|即碼}} ||現在 ||at this moment
#lorng...all
|-
#luo…luo...the more…the more
| {{x|hafntid}} ({{x|harn`tid}}) ||{{wt|罕得}} ||少有 / 難得 ||rarely; seldom
#niaxnia...only
|-
#siong...the most
| {{x|høfkazaix}} [[høfkazaix|...]] || {{ptj|好佳哉|好佳zaix}}  ||幸好 / 幸虧 ||fortunately
#sioxngkaix...the most
|-
#suii...immediately
| {{x|iah}}  ||{{wt|抑}}  ||或 / 抑  ||or
#svakab...together
|-
#sviw...too much; too many
| {{x|iao}} ||{{tj|猶}}  ||而 ||but; still (synonym [[iawkøq]])
#teq...in the process of
|-
#thaix...very
| {{x|in'ui}}...{{x|sofie}} ||{{wt|因為}}…{{wt|所以}} || ||because…therefore
#thaothaux...thoroughly
|-
#tQ...yet; though; then
| {{x|kab}} ||{{wt|佮}} ||和 ||and; with
#tvaf hai`aq...too bad
|-
#twtwafhQr...just right
| {{x|kiafmzhae}} ||{{wt|檢采}} / 減采 ||{{wt|假使}} ||perhaps
==== Prepositions ====
|-
#ciaux...fellow
| {{x|kaxngkhoarn}} || {{ptj|仝款|kaxng款}} / 共款  ||一樣 / 同樣 / 相同 / 相像 ||same ; similar
#ciofng...going to ; about to
|-
#ho...to; by
| {{x|koputjiciofng}} ({{x|koputciofng}}) || {{wt|姑不而將}} / {{wt|姑不將}}  ||不得已 / 無奈何 ||be obliged; have no choice but to; reluctant
#ka...with; to
|-
#kab...with; and
| {{x|lofngzorng}} ||{{wt|攏總}} ||一共 / 一總 / 打總兒 / 全部 ||all; collectively
#kaux...to; enough
|-
#kuozai...indiscreetly; at one's convenience
| {{x|ma}} ||{{tj|嘛}} ||也 / 亦 ||also; too
#pie...compare
|-
#suizai...at one's convenience; no matter; regardless
| {{x|mxbiern}} || {{ptj|毋免|mx免}} ||不免 / 不必 ||not necessary; unnecessary; not have to
#ti...at; in
|-
#tiaxm...at; in
| {{x|mxkøq}} ({{x|mxkuo}}) || {{ptj|毋過}}  ||不過 / 然而 ||but
#ti teq...in the process of
|-
#tngf...when; at that moment
| {{x|mxna}} || {{ptj|毋但}}  ||不只 / 不光 / 不但 ||not only…
#tuix...right; correct
|-
#tuy...from
| {{x|na}} ||{{wt|若}} ||若 / 如果 ||if
#uixtiQh...for the sake of
|-
==== Suffix particles indicating mood ====
| {{x|suxnsoax}} || {{ptj|順紲|順soax}} ||附帶 / 趁便 / 順便 ||conveniently
#`aq...an enclitics at the end of sentence to mark the completion of action
|-
#`ax...an enclitic at the end of sentence to mark the completion of action
| {{x|pwntøea}} ||{{wt|本底}} ||本來 / 原本 / 先前 ||at first; originally
#`bQe...did… or not
|-
#`bQo...yes or not
| {{x|taxnsi}} ||{{wt|但是}} ||但是 ||but
#`hvoq...an enclitics at the end of sentence to indicate emphasize on interrogative mood
|-
#`jiblaai...come in here
| {{x|thiaukafng}} ||{{wt|刁工}} / thiau工  ||特意 ||on purpose
#`jibkhix...get in there
|-
#jip`laai...come in
| {{x|tiaukorix}} ({{x|thiaukorix}}) ||{{wt|刁故意}}  ||存心 / 成心 / 刻意 / 故意 ||on purpose
#jip`khix...to go in
|-
#khix`aq...enclitics affixes to verbs to express completion of action
| {{x|tvaf}} ||{{tj|今}} ||現在 / 如今 ||now
#`khylaai...get up to here
|-
#`khykhix...get up to there
| {{x|twciaq}} || {{ptj|拄才|拄ciaq}}  ||適即 / 剛剛 ||moment ago
#`khylix...get up
|}
#khvoarmai...just try it to see
 
#laq...an enclitics at the end of sentence to indicate recognition; affirmative; impatience; completion; request
== Auxiliary verbs ==
#leq...an enclitics at the end of sentence to indicate command; emphasize on interrogative mood
[[File:Auxiliary verbs.mp3]]
#lQq...an enclitics at the end of sentence to indicate completion; exclamation; or emphasize
{| class="wikitable"
#`lQqkhix...downward to there
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
#`lQqlaai...downward to here
|-
#oq...an enclitics at the end of sentence to indicate caution; exclamation;
| {{x|aix}} [[aix|...]] ||{{wt|愛}}||喜歡/想要/愛||want; like
#Qexsae`tid...okay; can be; may
|-
#tiQh...affix to many verbs expressing accomplishment or taking effect
| {{x|borng}}||{{tj|罔}} ||姑且/將就||content oneself with; may as well
==== Verbs ====
|-
#aix...love; like
| {{x|bøe}} [[bøe (boe/be)|...]] ||{{tj|袂}} ||不會||be not able to; not willing to
#ao...break and snap
|-
#barn...pluck
| {{x|bøeq}} [[bøeq|...]] ||{{tj|欲}} ||要/如果/快要||want; like
#biq...hide
|-
#bQviar...no such thing; groundless; unsubstantiated
| {{x|bøexhiao}} [[bøexhiao|...]] || {{ptj|袂曉}} ||不會||don’t know
#chi...raise; feed
|-
#chiaau...to adjust; to move
| {{x|bøexsae}} [[bøexsae|...]] || {{ptj|袂使}} ||不可以||it can not be; be not able to
#chiQf...be horny
|-
#chitthQo...play; have fun
| {{x|bøextaxng}} [[bøextaxng|...]] || {{ptj|袂當}} ||未為/不能||it can not be; be not able to
#chviaa...to raise kids
|-
#chviar...to request; to ask; to invite
| {{x|øe}} [[øe (toxngsuu)|...]] ||{{tj|會}} ||會/能||be able and willing to
#chviax...hire
|-
#chviux...to sing
| {{x|øexhiao}} [[øexhiao|...]]|| {{ptj|會曉}} ||能曉/會  ||know
#ciah...to eat
|-
#ciaokhykafng...keep to the working routine
| {{x|øexsae}} [[øexsae|...]] || {{ptj|會使}} ||能使/可以||it may
#cym...to kiss
|-
#giaa...carry heavy thing over the shoulder
| {{x|øextaxng}} [[øextaxng|...]] ||{{ptj|會當}} ||能為/可以||be able to
#giexn...to crave; addict
|-
#giin...stare
| {{x|øextitthafng}} ||{{ptj|會得通}} ||可以||it can be; be able to
#[[hahhi]]...yawn
|-
#hao...roar; howl
| {{x|laai}}||{{wt|來}} ||來||let’s ; come
#haxmbiin...talk in one's sleep; dreaming
|-
#hiaam...to detest; to dislike
| {{x|m}} ||{{tj|毋}} ||不||not
#hiin...dizzy
|-
#[[hipsiong]]...take a picture
| {{x|maix}} [[maix|...]] ||{{tj|莫}} ||勿/毋||do not
#hiQq...rest
|-
#hiw...scream; shout
| {{x|mxthafng}}||{{wt|毋通}} ||不可||may not
#hoaq...shout
|-
#i...play
| {{x|phvae}}||{{tj|歹}} ||壞/惡/難||it’s bad to
#jiarng...shout
|-
#jiog...to chase; to follow
| {{x|thafng}}||{{wt|通}} ||通過/可以||may
#kaam...hold in the mouth
|-
#kah'ix...feel satisfied; take delight
| {{x|tiøqaix}}||著愛||須||have to
#kaxn...intercourse
|}
#kerng...choose; select
 
#khausQea...give sarcastic; ironical caustic comments
== Adverbs (Huosuu) ==
#khaw...speak ironically
See also: [[Huosuu]]
#khia...stand
 
#khoarn...pack; prepare for travel
[[File:460_Huosuu.mp3]]
#khuxn...sleep
 
#khvoax...to see
{| class="wikitable"
#kiernsiaux...feel ashamed; embarrassed
! MTL  || THJ  || MSM  || ENG
#kiQrsi...assume; presume
|-
#korng...to say; to speak
| {{x|bøo-tviutii}} ||{{ptj|無張持}} ||沒注意/不小心 ||unexpectedly (see {{x|hutjieen}})
#koxng...hit
|-
#kQeasyn...pass away; die
| [[uxkaux|ciog]] ||{{wt|足}} ||足/很 ||very; very much
#kviaa...walk
|-
#kvoa...carry by a handle
| {{x|ciu}} ||{{wt|就}}  ||就 ||then
#kvoaa`tiQh...catch cold
|-
#laosae...have loose bowel
| {{x|cyn}}- ||{{wt|真}}  ||真 ||very
#larm...embrace
|-
#liah...catch; grasp
| {{x|cviaa}} ||{{wt|誠}}  ||很 ||very much
#liam...to read; to recite
|-
#liaqzurn...presume
| {{x|iao}} ||{{tj|猶}}  ||還/尚 || still; yet
#liaxm...to drive; to expel
|-
#lym...to drink
| [[iawbøe]] ||{{ptj|猶未}}  ||尚未 ||not yet
#ngx...face
|-
#oar...recline; lean on
| {{x|juo}}...juo ||愈…愈 ({{wt|愈}}) ||愈…愈 ||the more…the more
#QlQr...praise
|-
#parngsag...give up; abandon
| {{x|kaix}} ||{{wt|蓋}} ||最 ||very (see [[uxkaux]])
#phag...lying face down
|-
#[[phahkhachviux]]...sneeze
| {{x|kaq}} ||{{wt|佮}}  ||與 ||to
#phahphvae`khix...ruin; spoil; make a mess of something
|-
#phak jidthaau...be exposed to sunshine; sunbath
| {{x|kannaf}} ({{x|kantvaf}}) || {{ptj|干焦|干tvaf}}  ||只有 ||only; merely
#pharngkvix...lose; misplace
|-
#[[phoarpvi]]...get sick
| {{x|khaq}} ||{{wt|較}} ||比較/更/再 ||more
#phvi...smell
|-
#phuix...spit
| {{x|køhkhaq}} ||{{ptj|閣較}} ||更較/復較 ||even more
#po...chew
|-
#poah...fall down
| {{x|køq}} ||{{tj|閣}}  ||再/還/更加 ||again; more
#[[poaqkiao]]...gamble
|-
#puun...blow
| {{x|kuikhix}} ||{{wt|規氣}}/歸氣  ||索性/乾脆 ||simply; totally
#saf...to grasp; to catch
|-
#siafphQef...to write a letter
| {{x|liammy}} ({{x|liampvy}}) ||{{wt|連鞭}}  ||馬上 ||at once
#siar...to write
|-
#siongpurn...cost too much; too expensive; costly
| {{x|lorng}} ||{{wt|攏}} ||都/皆/全部 ||all
#siuu...to swim
|-
#siuxkhix...get angry; get upset
| {{x|luo}}...luo ||愈…愈 ||愈…愈 ||the more…the more
#soahsoaq`khix...stop or discontinue with intention; call it off
|-
#sQeaji...be careful; concerned; deliberate; watchful
| {{x|niaxnia}} ||{{tj|爾爾}}  ||而已 ||only
#sQf...stroke; rub; pet
|-
#sQo...wonder around
| {{x|siong}} ||{{wt|上}}  ||尚/最 ||the most
#suq...suck
|-
#tafm...lick; taste
| {{x|sioxngkaix}} ||{{wt|上蓋}}  ||最 ||the most
#thef...recline; lean on
|-
#theh...to lift
| {{x|suii}} ||{{wt|隨}}  ||馬上 ||immediately
#thviaf...to listen
|-
#tiQo...jump
| {{x|svakab}} ||{{wt|相佮}}  ||一起 ||together
#tngr`khix...go home; go back
|-
#tong...poke; hole
| {{x|sviw}} ||{{wt|傷}}  ||太 ||too much; too many
#tQr`leq...lying down
|-
#tuhkw...doze
| {{x|teq}} ||{{tj|咧}}  ||在/正在 ||in the process of
#zaiviar...be aware of
|-
#zao...to run; to leave
| {{x|thaix}} ||{{wt|太}}  ||太 ||very
#zefng...hit
|-
#zhamsioong...discuss; confer
| {{x|thaothaux}} ||{{wt|透透}}  ||透徹 ||thoroughly
#zhoa...lead; guide; accompany; escort; show the way
|-
#zhoafnkhuix...breathe
| {{x|tø}} ||{{tj|就}}  ||  ||yet; though; then
#zhoaq...to shake; to tremble; to shiver
|-
#[[zhoarnsviu]]...fantasy
| {{x|tvaf hai`aq}} ({{x|hai`laq}}) ||{{wt|今害矣}}  ||? ||"too bad"
#zhorngsviar...do what
|-
#zhoxng...to do; to create; to establish
| {{x|twafhør}} ({{x|twtwafhør}}) ||{{ptj|拄仔好}}  ||剛剛好 ||just right
#zhw...slide
|}
#zhwn...more than enough
 
#zng...lick
== Prepositions ==
#zuxn...shiver
{{gs|kaesuu|介詞}}
==== Adjectives ====
[[File:460_kaesuu.mp3]]
#bae...ugly; mean
 
#bQ'eeng...busy
{| class="wikitable"
#bQzhae...too bad; regrettable
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
#chirnzhae...one or other; either way
|-
#chiuchixn...pleasantly cool
| {{x|ciaux}}||{{wt|照}}||照||follow
#chvihun...strange; unfamiliar
|-
#cidkoar...some; a little; a few
| {{x|ciofng}}||{{wt|將}} ||將||going to ; about to
#cidsi'ar...a little bit
|-
#cidsut'ar...a little bit
| {{x|ho}}||{{wt|予}} ||給/乎||to; by
#ciQr...few
|-
#eng'eeng...not busy
| {{x|ka}}||{{wt|共}} ||給/跟||with; to
#gaau...clever; good at …; wise
|-
#gong...stupid; silly
| {{x|kab}}||{{wt|佮}} ||和||with; and
#hamban...incompetent; clumsy; unskillful
|-
#hiaau...lascivious; lewd
| {{x|kaux}}||{{tj|到}}/{{wt|夠}} ||到/夠||to; enough
#hiafm...hot; spicy
|-
#hQfgiah...rich
| {{x|kiezai}}/{{x|kuozai}} ||{{wt|據在}} ||隨便||indiscreetly; at one’s convenience
#hQfkhafng...lucky; blessed
|-
#hQfsex...settled; finished
| {{x|pie}}||{{wt|比}}||比||compare
#huiekhix...troublesome; difficult
|-
#hvoahie...glad ; happy
| {{x|suizai}}||{{wt|隨在}}||任憑/任由||at one’s convenience; no matter; regardless
#ientaau...handsome
|-
#jixncyn...serious
| {{x|ti}}||{{wt|佇}}||在||at; in
#keksae...snobbish; snooty;
|-
#khiao...clever; intelligent
| {{x|tiaxm}}||{{tj|踮}} ||站/在||at; in
#khiarngkhaf...shrewd; ambitious
|-
#[[khoaelok]]...happy
| {{x|tixleq}} (ti teq) ||{{ptj|佇咧|佇leq}} ||正在||in the process of
#khofng...frantic; wild; maniac
|-
#[[khor]]...bitter
| {{x|tngf}}||{{wt|當}} ||當||when; at that moment
#khunkhiam...hard-working and thrifty; diligent and frugal
|-
#[[kiaam]]...salty
| {{x|tuix}}||{{wt|對}} || 對|| to, towards, with regard to, from. see also {{x|uix}}
#kirn...fast
|-
#kofix...gentle; mild; well-behaved
| {{x|tuy}} || {{wt|追}} ||從|| to follow behind or catch up from behind; to chase after, woo, pursue
#kofzuy...cute
|-
#koarnsix...used to; accustomed to
| {{x|uixtiøh}} ||{{wt|為著}}||為了||for the sake of
#kutlat...hard-working
|}
#kvialaang...dirty; filthy; soiled
 
#lau...old
== Suffix particles indicating mood ==
#lahsab...dirty; filthy
''See also'': [[Twenty-seven Taiwanese words beginning with the backquote]]
#lixpien...convenient
 
#og...bad; evil
{| class="wikitable"
#phahpviax...work very hard; exerting the utmost strength
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
#phvae...bad; evil
|-
#phvaysex...embarrassed; shy; coy
| {{x|`aq}} / `ax||{{wt|矣}}||呀||an enclitic at the end of sentence to mark the completion of action
#pintvoa...lazy
|-
#sarnchiaq...poor; poverty
| `[[Bøe (boe/be)|bøe]] ||{{wt|未}}||未||did… or not
#segsai...familiar; reminiscent
|-
#siab...rough; a slightly bitter taste that numbs the tongue
| `{{x|bøo}} ||{{tj|無}}||沒有||yes or not
#siaolieen...young
|-
#sien...tired; sick of
| {{x|`hvoq}} ||{{wt|乎}} ||吧||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate emphasize on interrogative mood
#simseg...interesting
|-
#siok...cheap; not expensive
| `{{x|jiblaai}} ||`入來||進來||come in here
#siQfkhoar...some; a little; a few
|-
#sngf...sour
| `{{x|jibkhix}} ||`入去||進去||get in there
#soong...hick; clownish; bucolic; stupid
|-
#sQex...small; little
| {{x|jip`laai}} ||入`來|| ||come in
#suie...beautiful
|-
#tarngsngf...stingy
| {{x|jip`khix}}||入`去|| ||to go in
#taxmpQqar...some; a little bit
|-
#thiarm...tired
| {{x|khix`aq}}||去矣||||enclitic affixes to verbs to express completion of action
#thihkhie...stubborn
|-
#thQfzex...prodigal; in expenditure
| `{{x|khylaai}}||`起來||||get up to here
#tiaau...tight
|-
#tiautit...honest and straight-forward
| `{{x|khykhix}} ||`起去||||get up to there
#toa...big
|-
#tvy...sweet
| `{{x|khylix}} ||`起去||||get up
#voax...late
|-
#zar...early
| {{x|øexsae`tid}} ||{{ptj|會使得}}||能使得/可以的||okay; can be; may
#[[zhengkhix]]...clean
|-
#zQe...plenty; many
| {{x|khvoarmai}} ||{{ptj|看覓|看mai}} ||看看||just try it to see
==== Nouns - blood relation and relations by marriage ====
|-
#acie...older sister
| {{x|`laq}} ||{{tj|啦}}||啦||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate recognition; affirmative; impatience; completion; request
#acirm...the wife of one's father's younger brother
|-
#afng...husband
| {{x|`liq}} / {{x|`leq}} ||{{tj|哩}}/{{tj|咧}}!||||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate command; emphasize on interrogative mood
#[[ahviaf]]...older brother
|-
#[[akim]]...wife of maternal uncle
| {{x|`løq}} / {{x|`loq}} ||{{wt|囉}}||囉||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate completion; exclamation; or emphasize
#[[akofng]]...grandfather
|-
#[[aku]]...mother's brother
| `{{x|løqkhix}}||`落去||下去||downward to there
#[[amar]]...grandmother
|-
#[[amr]]...the wife of one's father's older brother
| `{{x|løqlaai}}||`落來||下來||downward to here
#[[apeq]]...father's older brother
|-
#[[azeg]]...father's younger brother
| {{x|`oq}} ||`喔!||||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate caution; exclamation;
#bor...wife
|-
#gyn'ar...kids
| {{x|tiøh}} ||{{wt|著}}|| ||affix to many verbs expressing accomplishment or taking effect
#hauxsvy...son
|}
#[[khanchiuo]]...wife
 
#kviafsaix...son-in-law
== Verbs (Toxngsuu) ==
#[[kviar]]...child; son
See also: [[Toxngsuu]]
#[[mamaf]]...mother
[[File:460_Toxngsuu.mp3]]
#[[papaf]]...father
 
#[[Siensvy]]...Mr.; Sir
{| class="wikitable"
#[[simpu]]...daughter-in-law
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
#[[siQfmoe]]...younger sister
|-
#[[siQfti]]...younger brother
|{{x|aix}} ||{{wt|愛}} ||喜歡/想要/愛||love; like
#[[sixtoa]]...the senior; elder
|-
#sun'ar...grandchildren
| {{x|ao}} ||{{wt|拗}}||折/扭曲||break and snap
#[[takef]]...husband's mother
|-
#[[takvoaf]]...husband's father
| {{x|barn}} ||{{wt|挽}}||拔||pluck
#tangmngg`ee...the men whose wives are sisters
|-
#[[tangsai]]...the women whose husbands are brothers
| {{x|biq}} ||{{wt|覕}} ||匿/逃避/躲||hide
#[[Thaethaix]]...Mrs.
|-
#[[tviuxlaang]]...wife's father
| [[bøviar]]||bø影/{{ptj|無影}} ||不真實的 ||no such thing; groundless; unsubstantiated
#[[tviuxmr]]...wife's mother
|-
#zabor-kviar...daughter
| {{x|chi}} ||{{wt|飼}}||飼||raise; feed
#zapof-kviar...son
|-
==== Nouns describing body ====
| {{x|chiaau}} ||{{tj|撨}} ||移/調整||to adjust; to move
#[[axmkurn]]...neck
|-
#[[bagbaai]]...eye brow
| {{x|chiøf}} ||{{tj|𪁎}} ||好色||be horny
#[[bagciw]]...eye
|-
#[[chiuo]]...hands
| [[chitthøo]]||{{tj|𨑨迌}} ||玩耍||play; have fun
#[[chiwkhiaw]]...elbow
|-
#[[exhaai]]...lower jaw
| {{x|chviaa}} ||{{tj|晟}} ||成/栽培||to raise kids
#[[hengkharm]]...chest; thorax
|-
#[[hvi]]...ears
| {{x|chviar}} ||{{wt|請}} ||請||to request; to ask; to invite
#[[hvixkhafng]]...ear hole/ear
|-
#[[hvixzw]]...ear lobe
| {{x|chviax}} ||{{wt|倩}}||聘僱/僱用 ||to hire
#[[kengkahthaau]]...shoulder
|-
#[[khachiuo]]...foot and hands
| {{x|chviux}} ||{{wt|唱}} ||唱||to sing
#[[khaf]]...legs
|-
#[[khazhngf]]...buttocks
| [[ciaqpng|ciah]]||{{wt|食}} ||吃||to eat
#na'aau...throat
|-
#[[paktor]]...stomach
| {{x|ciaokhykafng}} ||{{wt|照起工}} ||按部就班||keep to the working routine
#phvi ([[phvi'ar]])...nose
|-
#[[sengkhw]]...trunk; body
| {{x|cym}} ||{{tj|唚}} ||吻||to kiss
#[[thaukhag]]...head
|-
#[[thaumngg]]...hair
| {{x|giaa}} ||{{tj|夯}} ||抬||carry heavy thing over the shoulder
#[[thauzafng]]...hair
|-
#[[toxzaai]]...belly button
| {{x|giexn}} ||{{tj|癮}} ||癮/渴望||to crave; addict
#zhuie'extao...lower jaw
|-
#[[zhuiekhie]]...teeth
| {{x|giin}} ||{{tj|睨}} ||凝||stare
#[[zhuietuun]]...lips
|-
#[[zhuix]]...mouth
| {{x|hahhix}} ||哈hix/{{ptj|哈唏}}||喝噓/打哈欠||to yawn
==== Nouns - general use ====
|-
#[[kankhor]]...hardship
| {{x|hao}} ||{{wt|吼}} ||哭/叫||roar; howl
#loxiong...use
|-
#[[miqkvia]]...thing
| [[haxmbiin]]||陷眠||做夢||talk in one's sleep; dreaming
#[[paxnsex]]...condition; situation
|-
#[[sapbuun]]...soap
| {{x|hiaam}} ||{{wt|嫌}}||嫌||to detest; to dislike
#[[senglie]]...business
|-
#[[sihnax]]...lightning
| [[hiin]]||{{wt|眩}}||眩/暈||dizzy
#[[sofzai]]...place; location
|-
#[[taixcix]]...thing
| [[hipsioxng]]||翕相||照相||take a picture
#[[zhuopvy]]...neighbor
|-
==== Nouns - Time ====
| [[hiøq]]||歇||休息||rest
#[[armsii]]...at night; night time
|-
#armthau'ar...evening
| {{x|hiw}} ||{{tj|咻}}||喊||scream; shout
#au`jit...the day after tomorrow
|-
#[[auxjit]]...some other day in the future
| {{x|hoaq}} ||{{wt|喝}}||喊||shout
#bQmii-bQjit...day in day out
|-
#cidtiafm'afkuo...only a little bit long
| {{x|i}} ||{{wt|奕}} ||玩||to play
#cidtiap'afkuo...in a moment
|-
#[[cirnzeeng]]...not long ago
| {{x|jiarng}} ||{{wt|嚷}}||嚷||shout
#[[citmar]]...right now
|-
#[[citzun]]...right now
| {{x|jiog}} ||{{wt|逐}}||追||to chase; to follow
#ehngf...tonight
|-
#eng'axm...tonight
| {{x|kaam}} ||{{wt|含}}||含/唅||hold in the mouth
#etaux...this afternoon
|-
#expof...afternoon
| {{x|kah'ix}} ||{{wt|佮意}}||中意||feel satisfied; take delight
#extaux...afternoon
|-
#[[hiexntai]]...modern
| {{x|kaxn}} ||{{tj|姦}}||姦||intercourse
#[[hiQhjoah]]...summer vacation
|-
#[[hiQhkvoaa]]...winter vacation
| {{x|kerng}} ||{{wt|揀}}||揀||choose; select
#jit`sii...day time
|-
#[[joaqthvy]]...summer
| {{x|khausøea}} ||{{wt|剾洗}} ||諷刺/刨說||give sarcastic; ironical caustic comments
#khahtheng'ar...in a very short time
|-
#kin'afjit...today
| {{x|khaw}} ||{{wt|剾}} ||諷刺/刮/刨||speak ironically
#kinnii...this year
|-
#[[kofzar]]...long long ago
| {{x|khia}} ||{{tj|徛}} ||豎/站||to stand
#[[kQeakhix]]...in the past
|-
#kuxnii...last year
| {{x|khoarn}} ||{{wt|款}} ||整理行李||pack; prepare for travel
#[[kvoathvy]]...winter
|-
#Lefpaix-jit...Sunday
| [[khuxn]]||{{tj|睏}} ||睡||sleep
#min'afzaix...tomorrow
|-
#Paix-id...Monday
| {{x|khvoax}} ||{{wt|看}} ||看||to see
#Paix-ji...Tuesday
|-
#Paix-svaf...Wednesday
| [[kiernsiaux]] ||{{wt|見笑}}||丟人||feel ashamed; embarrassed
#Paix-six...Thursday
|-
#Paix-go...Friday
| {{x|kiørsi}} ||{{wt|叫是}}||以為||assume; presume
#Paix-lak...Saturday
|-
#[[sincviaf]]...lunar new year
| {{x|korng}} ||{{wt|講}}||講||to say; to speak
#[[tangthvy]]...winter
|-
#thao'axm...all night; very late at night
| {{x|koxng}} ||{{tj|摃}} ||打/摃||hit
#thaomii...all night
|-
#[[thaozar]]...very early in the morning
| {{x|køeasyn}} ||{{wt|過身}}||過世||pass away; die
#thaozar-thao'axm...day or night
|-
#[[thautwar]]...not long ago
| [[kviaa]] ||{{wt|行}} ||行走||walk
#[[thvikngf]]...dawn; at dawn
|-
#[[tiongtaux]]...noon
| {{x|kvoa}} ||{{tj|捾}} ||攜||carry by a handle
#tviaxtvia...quite often
|-
#[[twciaq]]...just now; just a moment ago
| {{x|kvoaa`tiøh}} ||{{wt|寒著}}||著涼||catch cold
#za'axm...last night
|-
#[[zafban]]...sooner or later
| [[laosae]]||落屎||拉肚子/瀉肚子||have loose bowel
#[[zafkhie]]...morning
|-
#[[zahngf]]...yesterday
| {{x|larm}} ||{{wt|攬}} ||攬||embrace/bear
#[[zhunthvy]]...spring
|-
#[[zQjit]]...the day before yesterday
| {{x|liah}} ||{{wt|掠}}||掠/捕||catch; grasp
#zuun`nii...the year before last year
|-
| {{x|liam}} ||{{wt|唸}}||唸||to read; to recite
|-
| {{x|liaqzurn}} ||{{wt|掠準}} ||以為||presume
|-
| {{x|liaxm}} ||{{tj|捻}}||捻||to drive; to expel
|-
| {{x|lym}} ||{{tj|啉}} ||喝/飲||to drink
|-
| {{x|ngx}} ||{{wt|向}} ||向||to face
|-
| {{x|oar}} ||{{wt|倚}} ||倚||recline; lean on
|-
| [[ølør]]||{{tj|呵咾}} ||讚美||praise
|-
| {{x|parngsag}} ||{{tj|放捒}} ||放棄||give up; abandon
|-
| {{x|phag}} ||{{wt|覆}}/{{wt|仆}} ||覆/仆||lying face down
|-
| [[phahkhachviux]]||{{ptj|拍咳啾}} ||打噴嚏||sneeze
|-
| [[phahphvae]]`khix ||{{ptj|拍歹去}} || ||to ruin; spoil; make a mess of something
|-
| {{x|phak-jidthaau}} ({{x|phagjit}}) ||曝日頭||晒太陽||be exposed to sunshine; sunbath
|-
| {{x|pharngkvix}} ({{x|phah'mxkvix}}) ||{{ptj|拍毋見}} ||丟掉/不見||lose; misplace
|-
| {{x|phoarpve}} ||{{wt|破病}}||生病||get sick
|-
| [[phvi (toxngsuu)|phvi]]||{{wt|鼻}} ||聞/嗅||smell
|-
| {{x|phuix}} || {{tj|呸}} ||吐/翻臉/唾||spit
|-
| {{x|po}} ||{{tj|哺}}||哺||chew
|-
| {{x|poah}} ||{{tj|跋}} ||跌||fall down (see {{x|poah cidtør}})
|-
| {{x|poaqkiao}} ||{{ptj|跋筊}} ||賭博||gamble
|-
| {{x|puun}} ||{{wt|歕}}||吹||to blow
|-
| {{x|saf}} ||{{wt|捎}} ||抓||to grasp; to catch
|-
| {{x|siafphøef}} ||{{wt|寫批}}||寫信||to write a letter
|-
| {{x|siar}} ||{{wt|寫}}||寫||to write
|-
| {{x|siuu}} ||{{wt|泅}} ||泅||to swim
|-
| {{x|siuxkhix}} ||{{wt|受氣}}||生氣||get angry; get upset
|-
| {{x|soahsoaq`khix}} ||{{wt|煞煞去}}||算了||to stop or discontinue with intention; call it off
|-
| {{x|søeaji}}||{{wt|細膩}} ||小心||be careful; concerned; deliberate; watchful
|-
| {{x|søf}} ||{{wt|挲}} ||搔/搓||stroke; rub; pet
|-
| {{x|søo}} ||{{tj|趖}}||爬行||wonder around
|-
| {{x|suq}} ||{{wt|欶}}||吸||suck
|-
| {{x|tafm}} ||{{tj|啖}} ||嚐||lick; taste
|-
| {{x|thef}} ||{{tj|䖙}}||靠/躺||recline; lean on
|-
| {{x|theh}} ||{{tj|提}}||提/拿||to lift; hold in the hand; grasp; take. cf. ''zhoa''
|-
| {{x|thviaf}} ||{{wt|聽}} ||聽||to listen
|-
| {{x|tiøo}} || {{wt|趒}} ||跳||jump
|-
| {{x|tngr`khix}} ||{{wt|轉去}}||回去||go home; go back
|-
| {{x|tong}} ||{{wt|洞}} ||洞||poke; hole
|-
| {{x|tør}}`leq||{{wt|倒}}咧!||倒哩!||lying down
|-
| {{x|tuhkw}} ||{{ptj|盹龜}}||打瞌睡||doze
|-
| {{x|zaiviar}} ||{{wt|知影}}||知道||be aware of
|-
| {{x|zao}} ||{{wt|走}}||跑/逃||to run; to leave
|-
| {{x|zefng}} ||{{wt|舂}}||舂||hit
|-
| {{x|zhamsioong}} ||{{wt|參詳}}||商量||discuss; confer
|-
| {{x|zhoa}} ||{{tj|𤆬}} ||導/迎娶 ||lead; guide; accompany; escort; show the way (cf. ''theh'')
|-
| {{x|zhoafnkhuix}} ||{{wt|喘氣}}||呼吸||breathe
|-
| {{x|zhoaq}} ||{{wt|掣}} ||顫||to shake; to tremble; to shiver
|-
| {{x|zhoxng}} ||{{wt|創}}||創||to do; to create; to establish
|-
| {{x|zhorngsviar}} ||{{ptj|創啥}}||創甚|| to do something
|-
| {{x|zhw}} ||{{ptj|趨}} ||滑 ||to slide
|-
| {{x|zhwn}} ||{{tj|賰}}||剩||to be left; to remain
|-
| {{x|zng}} ({{x|cvi}}) ||吮/{{wt|舐}}||饌||to lick
|-
| {{x|zuxn}} ||{{tj|顫}} ||抖||shiver
|}
 
== Adjectives (Heng'iongsuu)==
[[Heng'iongsuu]]
 
[[File:460_Heng'iongsuu.mp3]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
| [[bae]]|| {{wt|䆀}} ||醜||ugly; mean
|-
| {{x|bø'eeng}} ||{{ptj|無閒}}||無閑||busy
|-
| {{x|bøzhae}} ||{{ptj|無彩}}||可惜/白費||too bad; regrettable
|-
| {{x|chirnzhae}} ||{{wt|凊彩}}||隨便/馬虎||one or other; either way
|-
| {{x|chiuchixn}} ||{{wt|秋凊}}||涼快||pleasantly cool
|-
| {{x|chvihun}} ({{x|svihun}}) ||{{wt|生份}}||陌生/生疏||strange; unfamiliar
|-
| {{x|cidkoar}} ({{x|cidkoafar}}) ||{{ptj|一寡}}||少許/一些||some; a little; a few
|-
| {{x|cidsi'ar}} ||{{ptj|一絲仔}}||絲毫||a little bit
|-
| {{x|cidsut'ar}} ||{{tj|一屑仔}}||一點點||a little bit
|-
| {{x|ciør}} ||{{wt|少}} ||少||few
|-
| {{x|eng'eeng}}  ({{x|uxeeng}}) ||{{wt|閒閒}}||閒著沒事||not busy
|-
| {{x|gaau}} ||{{wt|𠢕}}||賢||clever; good at …; wise
|-
| {{x|gong}} ||{{wt|戇}}||傻||stupid; silly
|-
| {{x|hanban}} ([[hamban]]) ||{{ptj|頇顢|頇ban}}||愚笨 ||incompetent; clumsy; unskillful
|-
| {{x|hiaau}} || {{tj|嬈}} ||嬲||lascivious; lewd
|-
| {{x|hiafm}} || {{wt|薟}} ||辛||hot; spicy
|-
| {{x|høfgiah}} ||{{wt|好額}}||有錢||rich
|-
| {{x|høfkhafng}} ||{{wt|好空}} ||好門路||lucky; blessed
|-
| {{x|høfsex}} ||{{wt|好勢}}||好勢||settled; finished
|-
| {{x|huiekhix}} ||{{wt|費氣}}||麻煩||troublesome; difficult
|-
| {{x|hvoahie}} ||{{wt|歡喜}}||高興||glad ; happy
|-
| {{x|ientaau}} ||{{wt|緣投}}||英俊||handsome
|-
| {{x|jixncyn}} ||{{wt|認真}} ||認真||serious
|-
| {{x|keksae}} ||{{wt|激屎}}||傲慢||snobbish; snooty;
|-
| {{x|khiao}} ||{{wt|巧}}||聰明||clever; intelligent
|-
| {{x|khiarngkhaf}} ||{{ptj|勥跤}} ||精明/厲害||shrewd; ambitious
|-
| {{x|khoaelok}} ||{{wt|快樂}}||快樂||happy
|-
| {{x|khofng}} ||{{wt|悾}}||呆笨||frantic; wild; maniac
|-
| {{x|khor}} ||{{wt|苦}}||苦||bitter
|-
| {{x|khinkhiam}} ||{{wt|勤儉}}||勤儉||hard-working and thrifty; diligent and frugal
|-
| {{x|kiaam}} ||{{wt|鹹}}||鹹||salty (also stingy)
|-
| {{x|kirn}} ||{{wt|緊}}||快/急||fast
|-
| {{x|kofix}} ||{{wt|古意}}||忠厚/老實||gentle; mild; well-behaved
|-
| {{x|kofzuy}} ||{{wt|古錐}}||可愛||cute
|-
| {{x|koarnsix}} ||{{wt|慣勢}}||習慣||used to; accustomed to
|-
| {{x|kutlat}} ||{{wt|骨力}}||勤勞||hard-working
|-
| {{x|kvialaang}} ||{{ptj|驚人}}||||dirty; filthy; soiled
|-
| {{x|lau}} ||{{wt|老}}||老||old
|-
| {{x|lahsab}} ||{{ptj|垃圾}}||骯髒||dirty; filthy
|-
| {{x|lixpien}} ||{{wt|利便}}||便利||convenient
|-
| {{x|og}} ||{{wt|惡}}||不好的||bad; evil
|-
| [[phahpviax]]|| {{wt|拍拚}} ||打拚||work very hard; exerting the utmost strength
|-
| [[phvae]]||{{tj|歹}}||壞/惡/難||bad; evil
|-
| [[phvaysex]]||{{ptj|歹勢}}||不好意思||embarrassed; shy; coy
|-
| {{x|pintvoa}} ||{{wt|貧惰}} ||怠惰||[[pintvoa|lazy]]
|-
| {{x|sarnchiaq}} ||{{wt|散赤}} ||赤貧||poor; poverty
|-
| {{x|segsai}} || {{wt|熟似}} ||熟識||familiar; reminiscent
|-
| {{x|siab}} ||{{wt|澀}} || ||rough; a slightly bitter taste that numbs the tongue
|-
| [[siaolieen]]||{{wt|少年}}||少年||young
|-
| {{x|sien}} || {{tj|𤺪}} ||倦||tired; sick of
|-
| {{x|simseg}} ||{{wt|心適}}|| ||interesting
|-
| {{x|siok}} ||{{wt|俗}} || ||cheap; not expensive
|-
| [[siøfkhoar]]||{{ptj|小可仔}}||稍微||some; a little; a few
|-
| {{x|siongpurn}} ||{{wt|傷本}}||高成本/花費大|| cost too much; too expensive; costly
|-
| {{x|sngf}} ||{{wt|酸}}||||sour
|-
| {{x|soong}} ||{{tj|倯}} ||||hick; clownish; bucolic; stupid
|-
| {{x|søex}} ||{{wt|細}}||||small; little
|-
| {{x|suie}} ||{{tj|媠}} ||美||beautiful
|-
| {{x|tarngsngf}} ||{{wt|凍霜}}|| ||stingy
|-
| {{x|taxmpøqar}} ||{{ptj|淡薄仔}}||||some; a little bit
|-
| {{x|thiarm}} || {{tj|忝}} || ||tired; weary
|-
| {{x|thihkhie}} ||{{wt|鐵齒}}||||stubborn ({{x|thihkhie-tanggezøo}})
|-
| {{x|thøfzex}} ||{{wt|討債}}||||prodigal; in expenditure
|-
| {{x|tiaau}} || {{wt|牢}} ||牢/住||tight
|-
| {{x|tiautit}} ||{{wt|條直}}||||honest and straight-forward
|-
| {{x|toa}} ||{{wt|大}}||大||big
|-
| {{x|tvy}} ||{{wt|甜}}||甜||sweet
|-
| {{x|voax}} ||{{wt|晏}}||晚/遲||late
|-
| {{x|zar}} ||{{wt|早}}||||early
|-
| {{x|zhengkhix}} ||{{wt|清氣}}||||clean
|-
| {{x|zøe}} ||{{tj|濟}}||多||plenty; many
|}
 
== Nouns - blood relation and relations by marriage ==
[[File:460_nouns_relation.mp3]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
| {{x|acie}} ||{{wt|阿姊}} |||| [[acie|older sister]]
|-
| {{x|acirm}} ||{{wt|阿嬸}} ||||the wife of one’s father’s younger brother
|-
| {{x|afng}} ||{{wt|翁}}||||[[afng|husband]]
|-
| {{x|ahviaf}} ||{{wt|阿兄}}|||| [[ahviaf|older brother]]
|-
| {{x|akim}} ||{{wt|阿妗}}||||wife of maternal uncle
|-
| {{x|akofng}} ||{{wt|阿公}}|||| [[akofng|grandfather]]
|-
| {{x|aku}} ||{{wt|阿舅}}||||mother’s brother
|-
| {{x|amar}} ||{{wt|阿媽}}||||[[amar|grandmother]]
|-
| {{x|amr}} ||{{wt|阿姆}}||||the wife of one’s father’s older brother
|-
| {{x|apeq}} ||{{wt|阿伯}}||||father’s older brother
|-
| {{x|azeg}} ||{{wt|阿叔}}||||father’s younger brother
|-
| {{x|bor}} ||{{tj|某}}||妻|| [[bor|wife]]
|-
| {{x|gyn'ar}} ||{{tj|囡仔}} ||孩子|| [[gyn'ar|kids]]
|-
| {{x|hauxsvef}} ||{{wt|後生}}||兒子|| [[hauxsvef|son]]
|-
| {{x|khanchiuo`ee}} ||{{wt|牽手}}||||wife
|-
| {{x|kviafsaix}} ||{{wt|囝婿}} ||||son-in-law
|-
| {{x|kviar}} ||{{wt|囝}}||子|| child; son
|-
| {{x|mamaf}} ({{x|mafmaq}}) ||{{wt|媽媽}}|| || [[mafmaq|mother]]
|-
| {{x|papaf}} ({{x|apaq}}) ||{{wt|爸爸}}||||[[papaf|father]]
|-
| {{x|Siensvy}} ||{{wt|先生}}|||| Mr.; Sir (see [[Siensvy]])
|-
| {{x|simpu}} ({{x|sinpu}}) ||{{wt|新婦}} ||媳婦||[[sinpu|daughter-in-law]]
|-
| {{x|siøfmoe}} ||{{wt|小妹}}||||younger sister
|-
| {{x|siøfti}} ||{{wt|小弟}}||||younger brother
|-
| {{x|sixtoa}} ||{{wt|序大}}||||the senior; elder
|-
| {{x|sun'ar}} ||{{ptj|孫仔}}||||grandchildren
|-
| {{x|takef}} ||{{ptj|大家}} ||婆婆||[[takef|husband’s mother]]
|-
| {{x|takvoaf}} || {{ptj|大官}} ||公公||[[takvoaf|husband’s father]]
|-
| {{x|tangmngg}}`ee ||{{ptj|同門的}} ||連襟||the men whose wives are sisters
|-
| {{x|tangsai'ar}} ({{x|tangsai}}) ||{{wt|同姒}}||妯娌||the women whose husbands are brothers ([[tangsai]])
|-
| {{x|Thaethaix}} ||{{wt|太太}}|||| [[Thaethaix|Mrs.]]
|-
| {{x|tviuxlaang}} ||{{ptj|丈人}} ||岳父 ||wife’s father
|-
| {{x|tviuxmr}} ||{{wt|丈姆}}|| || wife’s mother
|-
| {{x|zabor-kviar}} || 查某囝 || || [[zabof'kviar|daughter]]
|-
| {{x|zapof-kviar}} || 查埔囝 || || [[zapof-kviar|son]]
|}
 
== Nouns describing body (sengkhw) ==
[[File:460_nouns_sengkhw.mp3]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
| [[axmkurn]]||{{ptj|頷頸}}||||neck
|-
| [[bagbaai]]||{{wt|目眉}}||||eye brow
|-
| [[bagciw]]||{{ptj|目睭}}||眼睛||eye
|-
| [[chiuo]]||{{wt|手}}||||hands
|-
| [[chiwkhiaw]]||{{wt|手曲}}||||elbow
|-
| [[exhaai]]||{{wt|下頦}}||||lower jaw
|-
| [[hengkharm]]||{{wt|胸坎}}||||chest; thorax
|-
| [[hvi]]||{{wt|耳}}||||ears
|-
| [[hvixkhafng]]||{{wt|耳空}}||||ear hole/ear
|-
| [[hvixzw]]||{{wt|耳珠}}||||ear lobe
|-
| [[kengkahthaau]]||{{wt|肩胛頭}}|| ||shoulder
|-
| {{x|khachiuo}}||{{wt|跤手}}||手和腳||foot and hands
|-
| [[khaf]]||{{wt|跤}} ||腳||legs
|-
| [[khazhngf]]||{{tj|尻川}}||臀||buttocks
|-
| [[na'aau]]||{{wt|嚨喉}}||咽喉||throat
|-
| [[paktor]]||{{wt|腹肚}}||||stomach
|-
| {{x|phvi}} ([[phvi'ar]])||{{wt|鼻}}||||nose
|-
| [[sengkhw]]||{{wt|身軀}}||||trunk; body
|-
| [[thaukhag]]||{{wt|頭殼}}||||head
|-
| [[thaumngg]]||{{wt|頭毛}}||||hair
|-
| [[thauzafng]]||{{wt|頭鬃}}||||hair
|-
| [[toxzaai]]||{{wt|肚臍}}||||belly button
|-
| {{x|zhuie'extao}} ||{{wt|喙下斗}}||||lower jaw
|-
| [[zhuiekhie]]||{{wt|喙齒}}||||teeth
|-
| [[zhuietuun]]||{{wt|喙脣}}||||lips
|-
| [[zhuix]]||{{wt|喙}}||||mouth
|}
 
== Nouns - general use ==
[[File:460_nouns_general_use.mp3]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
| [[kankhor]]||{{wt|艱苦}}||||hardship
|-
| {{x|loxeng}}/loxiong||{{wt|路用}}||||use
|-
| [[miqkvia]]||{{wt|物件}}||||thing
|-
| {{x|paxnsex}}||{{wt|範勢}} ||辦勢||condition; situation
|-
| [[sapbuun]]||{{ptj|雪文}}||||soap
|-
| [[senglie]]||{{wt|生理}}||生意||business
|-
| [[sihnaq]]||{{tj|爍爁}}||閃電||lightning
|-
| [[sofzai]]||{{wt|所在}}||||place; location
|-
| [[taixcix]]||{{ptj|代誌}}||事情||thing
|-
| [[zhuopvy]]||{{wt|厝邊}}||||neighbor
|}
 
== Nouns - Time (sikafn) ==
See also: [[sikafn]]
[[File:460_nouns_time.mp3]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
| [[armsii]]||{{wt|暗時}} ||||at night; night time
|-
| {{x|armthau'ar}} ||{{ptj|暗頭仔}}||||evening
|-
| {{x|au`jit}} ||{{wt|後日}}||||the day after tomorrow
|-
| {{x|auxjit}}|| {{wt|後日}} ||幾天後||some other day in the future
|-
| [[bin'afzaix]]/mia'afzaix ||{{ptj|明仔載}}|| ||tomorrow
|-
| {{x|bømee-bøjit}} ||{{wt|無暝無日}}||||day in day out
|-
| {{x|cidtiafm'ar-kuo}}||{{ptj|一點仔久}}|| ||only a little bit long
|-
| {{x|cidtiap'afkuo}} ||{{tj|一霎仔}}久||||in a moment
|-
| {{x|cirnzeeng}}||{{wt|進前}}||無多久以前||not long ago
|-
| [[citmar]]||{{tj|這馬}}||現在||right now
|-
| [[citzun]]||{{tj|這陣}}||這時||right now
|-
| {{x|e'hngf}}||{{ptj|下昏}} ||今昏||tonight
|-
| [[e'axm]]|| {{ptj|下昏暗}} ||今暗/今晚||tonight
|-
| etaux || {{ptj|下晝}} ||今罩/今午||this afternoon
|-
| [[expof]]||{{wt|下晡}}||||afternoon
|-
| [[extaux]]||{{wt|下晝}}||||afternoon
|-
| [[hiexntai]]||{{wt|現代}}||||modern
|-
| [[hiøhjoah]]||{{wt|歇熱}}||||summer vacation
|-
| {{x|hiøhkvoaa}} ||{{wt|歇寒}}||||winter vacation
|-
| {{x|jit`sii}} ||{{wt|日時}}||||day time
|-
| [[joaqthvy]]||{{wt|熱天}}||||summer
|-
| {{x|khahtheng'ar}} ||{{ptj|較停仔}}||||in a very short time
|-
| [[kin'afjit]]||{{ptj|今仔日}}||||today
|-
| {{x|kinnii}} ||{{wt|今年}}||||this year
|-
| [[køeakhix]] ||{{wt|過去}}||||in the past
|-
| {{x|kofzar}} ||{{wt|古早}}||||long long ago
|-
| {{x|kuxnii}} ||{{wt|舊年}}||||last year
|-
| [[kvoathvy]]||{{wt|寒天}}||||winter
|-
| [[Lefpaix-jit]]||{{wt|禮拜日}}||||Sunday
|-
| [[Pae'id]]||{{wt|拜一}}||禮拜一||Monday
|-
| [[Pae'ji]]||{{wt|拜二}}||禮拜二||Tuesday
|-
| [[Pae'svaf]]||{{wt|拜三}}||禮拜三||Wednesday
|-
| [[Pae'six]]||{{wt|拜四}}||禮拜四||Thursday
|-
| [[Pae'go]]||{{wt|拜五}}||禮拜五||Friday
|-
| [[Pae'lak]]||{{wt|拜六}}||禮拜六||Saturday
|-
| [[sincviaf]]||{{wt|新正}}|||| Lunar New Year
|-
| [[tangthvy]]||{{wt|冬天}}||||winter
|-
| {{x|thao'axm}}||{{wt|透暗}}||||all night; very late at night
|-
| {{x|thaomee}}/{{x|thaomii}} ||{{wt|透暝}}||||all night
|-
| {{x|thaozar}} ||{{wt|透早}}||||very early in the morning
|-
| thaozar-thao'axm||透早透暗||||day or night
|-
| [[thautwar]]||{{ptj|頭拄仔}}||||not long ago
|-
| [[thvy-kngf]]||{{wt|天光}}||||dawn; at dawn
|-
| [[tiongtaux]]||{{wt|中晝}} ||||noon
|-
| {{x|tviaxtvia}} ||{{wt|定定}} ||||quite often
|-
| [[twciaq]]||{{ptj|拄才}}||剛剛||just now; just a moment ago
|-
| {{x|za'axm}} ||{{wt|昨暗}}||||last night
|-
| {{x|zafban}} ||{{wt|早慢}}||||sooner or later
|-
| [[zafkhie]]||{{wt|早起}}||||morning
|-
| {{x|za'hngf}}/[[zaqhngf]] ||{{wt|昨昏}} ||昨天||yesterday
|-
| [[zhunthvy]]||{{wt|春天}}||春天||spring
|-
| [[zøh`jit]]||{{wt|昨日}}||前天||the day before yesterday
|-
| {{x|zuun`nii}} ||{{ptj|前年}} ||||the year before last year
|}
 
==Chviar Zhamkhør==
* [[臺灣閩南語推薦用字]] (300-ji)
* ''[[Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan]]''
 
== Siongkoafn ==
* [[Swadesh List]]
* [[My First 100 Words in Taiwanese]]
* [[Common Taiwanese phrases]]
 
[[Category: Getting started]]

Latest revision as of 09:17, 2 April 2024

Taiguo Siong'iong 460 ji (台語常用460字; 460 Frequently-Used Taiwanese Words) written in Modern Literal Taiwanese with English definitions. Adapted from: 黃美雲 (2004) Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji [460 Common Taiwanese Words]. 台語文協會.

Personal pronouns

Main article: Personal pronouns

MTL THJ Hoaguo Engguo
goar 我 我 I; me
gurn 阮† 我們/我的 we; us; (not including listener)
goarn 阮† 我/我們/我等/咱們 we; us; (not including listener)
kaki 家己 自己 self
larn 咱† 我們/咱 we; us; (includes listener)
lie 汝/你†/妳 你/妳/汝 you
lirn 恁† 你們/你的/你們的 you (plural/exclusive)
tag'ee 逐个 各個/每個 everybody
taixkef (tagkef) 大家 大家 everybody; all the people
y 伊 他/她/祂 he; she; it; his; her
yn 𪜶† 他們/他的 they; them

Demonstrative pronouns

MTL THJ MSM ENG
cidee cid个 一個 one
ciaf^ 遮† 這裡 here
ciah'ee (ciaf`ee) 遮的† 這些 these
ciahniq' (ciahni) 遮爾† 這麼 such; so
cit'ee cit个 這個 this one
citkhoarn cit款 這種/這樣 this kind of
hef^ 彼† 那 that one
hiah'ee (hiaf`ee) 遐的† 那些 those
hiaf^ 遐† 那裡 there
hiahniq' (hiahni) 遐爾† 那麼 in that way
hit'ee 彼个‡ 那個 that one
hitkhoarn 彼款‡ 那款 that kind of
sviafkhoarn 啥款‡ 怎麼樣 what kind
symmih'khoarn symmih款 什麼樣 what do you think
zef^ 這† 這 this one

Tone sandhi exceptions:

  • ^: words that never change tone.
  • ': words ending with apostrophe, which will be directly followed by another word with no space.

Interrogative pronouns

MTL THJ MSM ENG
joaxkuo 偌久‡ 多久 how long
joaxtoa (goaxtoa) 偌大‡ 多大 how big
joaxzøe (goaxzøe) 偌濟† 多少 how many; how much
kuyee 幾个 幾個 how many
kuyjit 幾日 幾日 how many days
kuykafng 幾工 幾天 how many days
kuytiarm 幾點 幾點 what time it is
nar 哪† 怎 how; why; what
nar øe (naføe) 哪會† 怎會 how come; how could this be possible
sviafhøex 啥貨‡/sviaf貨 甚麼/什麼東西 what
sviaflaang 啥人† 哪個/孰/誰/誰人/誰個 who
sviar 啥† 甚 what
symmih^ (sviafmiq, sviafmih) 啥物‡/sym物 什麼 what
symmih'laang (sviaflaang) sym物laang 什麼人 who
tafcidee (tøfcidee) 佗一个‡/tøfcid个 哪一個 which one
tafcidhang (tøfcidhang) tøfcid項 哪一項 which item
tafcidui (tøfcidui) tøfcid位 哪一位 which one
tangsii 當時 何時 when
tafui (tøfui) 佗位‡/tøf位 那裡 where
uixhøo 為何 因何/為什麼/為何 why; for what
ui-symmih^ (ui sviafmiq)^ 為甚物‡/為sym物 為什麼 why; for what. see si-afnzvoar

Conjunctions

MTL THJ MSM ENG
afnnef/afnny 按呢† 這樣子 / 如此 well…then
afnzvoar 按怎‡ 何以 / 怎的 / 怎麼 how
chinchviu 親像 就像 as; such as; as if
citmar 這馬‡/cit馬 / 即碼 現在 at this moment
hafntid (harn`tid) 罕得 少有 / 難得 rarely; seldom
høfkazaix ... 好佳哉‡/好佳zaix 幸好 / 幸虧 fortunately
iah 抑 或 / 抑 or
iao 猶† 而 but; still (synonym iawkøq)
in'ui...sofie 因為…所以 because…therefore
kab 佮 和 and; with
kiafmzhae 檢采 / 減采 假使 perhaps
kaxngkhoarn 仝款‡/kaxng款 / 共款 一樣 / 同樣 / 相同 / 相像 same ; similar
koputjiciofng (koputciofng) 姑不而將 / 姑不將 不得已 / 無奈何 be obliged; have no choice but to; reluctant
lofngzorng 攏總 一共 / 一總 / 打總兒 / 全部 all; collectively
ma 嘛† 也 / 亦 also; too
mxbiern 毋免‡/mx免 不免 / 不必 not necessary; unnecessary; not have to
mxkøq (mxkuo) 毋過‡ 不過 / 然而 but
mxna 毋但‡ 不只 / 不光 / 不但 not only…
na 若 若 / 如果 if
suxnsoax 順紲‡/順soax 附帶 / 趁便 / 順便 conveniently
pwntøea 本底 本來 / 原本 / 先前 at first; originally
taxnsi 但是 但是 but
thiaukafng 刁工 / thiau工 特意 on purpose
tiaukorix (thiaukorix) 刁故意 存心 / 成心 / 刻意 / 故意 on purpose
tvaf 今† 現在 / 如今 now
twciaq 拄才‡/拄ciaq 適即 / 剛剛 moment ago

Auxiliary verbs

MTL THJ MSM ENG
aix ... 愛 喜歡/想要/愛 want; like
borng 罔† 姑且/將就 content oneself with; may as well
bøe ... 袂† 不會 be not able to; not willing to
bøeq ... 欲† 要/如果/快要 want; like
bøexhiao ... 袂曉‡ 不會 don’t know
bøexsae ... 袂使‡ 不可以 it can not be; be not able to
bøextaxng ... 袂當‡ 未為/不能 it can not be; be not able to
øe ... 會† 會/能 be able and willing to
øexhiao ... 會曉‡ 能曉/會 know
øexsae ... 會使‡ 能使/可以 it may
øextaxng ... 會當‡ 能為/可以 be able to
øextitthafng 會得通‡ 可以 it can be; be able to
laai 來 來 let’s ; come
m 毋† 不 not
maix ... 莫† 勿/毋 do not
mxthafng 毋通 不可 may not
phvae 歹† 壞/惡/難 it’s bad to
thafng 通 通過/可以 may
tiøqaix 著愛 須 have to

Adverbs (Huosuu)

See also: Huosuu

MTL THJ MSM ENG
bøo-tviutii 無張持‡ 沒注意/不小心 unexpectedly (see hutjieen)
ciog 足 足/很 very; very much
ciu 就 就 then
cyn- 真 真 very
cviaa 誠 很 very much
iao 猶† 還/尚 still; yet
iawbøe 猶未‡ 尚未 not yet
juo...juo 愈…愈 (愈) 愈…愈 the more…the more
kaix 蓋 最 very (see uxkaux)
kaq 佮 與 to
kannaf (kantvaf) 干焦‡/干tvaf 只有 only; merely
khaq 較 比較/更/再 more
køhkhaq 閣較‡ 更較/復較 even more
køq 閣† 再/還/更加 again; more
kuikhix 規氣/歸氣 索性/乾脆 simply; totally
liammy (liampvy) 連鞭 馬上 at once
lorng 攏 都/皆/全部 all
luo...luo 愈…愈 愈…愈 the more…the more
niaxnia 爾爾† 而已 only
siong 上 尚/最 the most
sioxngkaix 上蓋 最 the most
suii 隨 馬上 immediately
svakab 相佮 一起 together
sviw 傷 太 too much; too many
teq 咧† 在/正在 in the process of
thaix 太 太 very
thaothaux 透透 透徹 thoroughly
tø 就† yet; though; then
tvaf hai`aq (hai`laq) 今害矣 ? "too bad"
twafhør (twtwafhør) 拄仔好‡ 剛剛好 just right

Prepositions

kaesuu (介詞)

MTL THJ MSM ENG
ciaux 照 照 follow
ciofng 將 將 going to ; about to
ho 予 給/乎 to; by
ka 共 給/跟 with; to
kab 佮 和 with; and
kaux 到†/夠 到/夠 to; enough
kiezai/kuozai 據在 隨便 indiscreetly; at one’s convenience
pie 比 比 compare
suizai 隨在 任憑/任由 at one’s convenience; no matter; regardless
ti 佇 在 at; in
tiaxm 踮† 站/在 at; in
tixleq (ti teq) 佇咧‡/佇leq 正在 in the process of
tngf 當 當 when; at that moment
tuix 對 對 to, towards, with regard to, from. see also uix
tuy 追 從 to follow behind or catch up from behind; to chase after, woo, pursue
uixtiøh 為著 為了 for the sake of

Suffix particles indicating mood

See also: Twenty-seven Taiwanese words beginning with the backquote

MTL THJ MSM ENG
`aq / `ax 矣 呀 an enclitic at the end of sentence to mark the completion of action
`bøe 未 未 did… or not
`bøo 無† 沒有 yes or not
`hvoq 乎 吧 an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate emphasize on interrogative mood
`jiblaai `入來 進來 come in here
`jibkhix `入去 進去 get in there
jip`laai 入`來 come in
jip`khix 入`去 to go in
khix`aq 去矣 enclitic affixes to verbs to express completion of action
`khylaai `起來 get up to here
`khykhix `起去 get up to there
`khylix `起去 get up
øexsae`tid 會使得‡ 能使得/可以的 okay; can be; may
khvoarmai 看覓‡/看mai 看看 just try it to see
`laq 啦† 啦 an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate recognition; affirmative; impatience; completion; request
`liq / `leq 哩†/咧†! an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate command; emphasize on interrogative mood
`løq / `loq 囉 囉 an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate completion; exclamation; or emphasize
`løqkhix `落去 下去 downward to there
`løqlaai `落來 下來 downward to here
`oq `喔! an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate caution; exclamation;
tiøh 著 affix to many verbs expressing accomplishment or taking effect

Verbs (Toxngsuu)

See also: Toxngsuu

MTL THJ MSM ENG
aix 愛 喜歡/想要/愛 love; like
ao 拗 折/扭曲 break and snap
barn 挽 拔 pluck
biq 覕 匿/逃避/躲 hide
bøviar bø影/無影‡ 不真實的 no such thing; groundless; unsubstantiated
chi 飼 飼 raise; feed
chiaau 撨† 移/調整 to adjust; to move
chiøf 𪁎† 好色 be horny
chitthøo 𨑨迌† 玩耍 play; have fun
chviaa 晟† 成/栽培 to raise kids
chviar 請 請 to request; to ask; to invite
chviax 倩 聘僱/僱用 to hire
chviux 唱 唱 to sing
ciah 食 吃 to eat
ciaokhykafng 照起工 按部就班 keep to the working routine
cym 唚† 吻 to kiss
giaa 夯† 抬 carry heavy thing over the shoulder
giexn 癮† 癮/渴望 to crave; addict
giin 睨† 凝 stare
hahhix 哈hix/哈唏‡ 喝噓/打哈欠 to yawn
hao 吼 哭/叫 roar; howl
haxmbiin 陷眠 做夢 talk in one's sleep; dreaming
hiaam 嫌 嫌 to detest; to dislike
hiin 眩 眩/暈 dizzy
hipsioxng 翕相 照相 take a picture
hiøq 歇 休息 rest
hiw 咻† 喊 scream; shout
hoaq 喝 喊 shout
i 奕 玩 to play
jiarng 嚷 嚷 shout
jiog 逐 追 to chase; to follow
kaam 含 含/唅 hold in the mouth
kah'ix 佮意 中意 feel satisfied; take delight
kaxn 姦† 姦 intercourse
kerng 揀 揀 choose; select
khausøea 剾洗 諷刺/刨說 give sarcastic; ironical caustic comments
khaw 剾 諷刺/刮/刨 speak ironically
khia 徛† 豎/站 to stand
khoarn 款 整理行李 pack; prepare for travel
khuxn 睏† 睡 sleep
khvoax 看 看 to see
kiernsiaux 見笑 丟人 feel ashamed; embarrassed
kiørsi 叫是 以為 assume; presume
korng 講 講 to say; to speak
koxng 摃† 打/摃 hit
køeasyn 過身 過世 pass away; die
kviaa 行 行走 walk
kvoa 捾† 攜 carry by a handle
kvoaa`tiøh 寒著 著涼 catch cold
laosae 落屎 拉肚子/瀉肚子 have loose bowel
larm 攬 攬 embrace/bear
liah 掠 掠/捕 catch; grasp
liam 唸 唸 to read; to recite
liaqzurn 掠準 以為 presume
liaxm 捻† 捻 to drive; to expel
lym 啉† 喝/飲 to drink
ngx 向 向 to face
oar 倚 倚 recline; lean on
ølør 呵咾† 讚美 praise
parngsag 放捒† 放棄 give up; abandon
phag 覆/仆 覆/仆 lying face down
phahkhachviux 拍咳啾‡ 打噴嚏 sneeze
phahphvae`khix 拍歹去‡ to ruin; spoil; make a mess of something
phak-jidthaau (phagjit) 曝日頭 晒太陽 be exposed to sunshine; sunbath
pharngkvix (phah'mxkvix) 拍毋見‡ 丟掉/不見 lose; misplace
phoarpve 破病 生病 get sick
phvi 鼻 聞/嗅 smell
phuix 呸† 吐/翻臉/唾 spit
po 哺† 哺 chew
poah 跋† 跌 fall down (see poah cidtør)
poaqkiao 跋筊‡ 賭博 gamble
puun 歕 吹 to blow
saf 捎 抓 to grasp; to catch
siafphøef 寫批 寫信 to write a letter
siar 寫 寫 to write
siuu 泅 泅 to swim
siuxkhix 受氣 生氣 get angry; get upset
soahsoaq`khix 煞煞去 算了 to stop or discontinue with intention; call it off
søeaji 細膩 小心 be careful; concerned; deliberate; watchful
søf 挲 搔/搓 stroke; rub; pet
søo 趖† 爬行 wonder around
suq 欶 吸 suck
tafm 啖† 嚐 lick; taste
thef 䖙† 靠/躺 recline; lean on
theh 提† 提/拿 to lift; hold in the hand; grasp; take. cf. zhoa
thviaf 聽 聽 to listen
tiøo 趒 跳 jump
tngr`khix 轉去 回去 go home; go back
tong 洞 洞 poke; hole
tør`leq 倒咧! 倒哩! lying down
tuhkw 盹龜‡ 打瞌睡 doze
zaiviar 知影 知道 be aware of
zao 走 跑/逃 to run; to leave
zefng 舂 舂 hit
zhamsioong 參詳 商量 discuss; confer
zhoa 𤆬† 導/迎娶 lead; guide; accompany; escort; show the way (cf. theh)
zhoafnkhuix 喘氣 呼吸 breathe
zhoaq 掣 顫 to shake; to tremble; to shiver
zhoxng 創 創 to do; to create; to establish
zhorngsviar 創啥‡ 創甚 to do something
zhw 趨‡ 滑 to slide
zhwn 賰† 剩 to be left; to remain
zng (cvi) 吮/舐 饌 to lick
zuxn 顫† 抖 shiver

Adjectives (Heng'iongsuu)

Heng'iongsuu

MTL THJ MSM ENG
bae 䆀 醜 ugly; mean
bø'eeng 無閒‡ 無閑 busy
bøzhae 無彩‡ 可惜/白費 too bad; regrettable
chirnzhae 凊彩 隨便/馬虎 one or other; either way
chiuchixn 秋凊 涼快 pleasantly cool
chvihun (svihun) 生份 陌生/生疏 strange; unfamiliar
cidkoar (cidkoafar) 一寡‡ 少許/一些 some; a little; a few
cidsi'ar 一絲仔‡ 絲毫 a little bit
cidsut'ar 一屑仔† 一點點 a little bit
ciør 少 少 few
eng'eeng (uxeeng) 閒閒 閒著沒事 not busy
gaau 𠢕 賢 clever; good at …; wise
gong 戇 傻 stupid; silly
hanban (hamban) 頇顢‡/頇ban 愚笨 incompetent; clumsy; unskillful
hiaau 嬈† 嬲 lascivious; lewd
hiafm 薟 辛 hot; spicy
høfgiah 好額 有錢 rich
høfkhafng 好空 好門路 lucky; blessed
høfsex 好勢 好勢 settled; finished
huiekhix 費氣 麻煩 troublesome; difficult
hvoahie 歡喜 高興 glad ; happy
ientaau 緣投 英俊 handsome
jixncyn 認真 認真 serious
keksae 激屎 傲慢 snobbish; snooty;
khiao 巧 聰明 clever; intelligent
khiarngkhaf 勥跤‡ 精明/厲害 shrewd; ambitious
khoaelok 快樂 快樂 happy
khofng 悾 呆笨 frantic; wild; maniac
khor 苦 苦 bitter
khinkhiam 勤儉 勤儉 hard-working and thrifty; diligent and frugal
kiaam 鹹 鹹 salty (also stingy)
kirn 緊 快/急 fast
kofix 古意 忠厚/老實 gentle; mild; well-behaved
kofzuy 古錐 可愛 cute
koarnsix 慣勢 習慣 used to; accustomed to
kutlat 骨力 勤勞 hard-working
kvialaang 驚人‡ dirty; filthy; soiled
lau 老 老 old
lahsab 垃圾‡ 骯髒 dirty; filthy
lixpien 利便 便利 convenient
og 惡 不好的 bad; evil
phahpviax 拍拚 打拚 work very hard; exerting the utmost strength
phvae 歹† 壞/惡/難 bad; evil
phvaysex 歹勢‡ 不好意思 embarrassed; shy; coy
pintvoa 貧惰 怠惰 lazy
sarnchiaq 散赤 赤貧 poor; poverty
segsai 熟似 熟識 familiar; reminiscent
siab 澀 rough; a slightly bitter taste that numbs the tongue
siaolieen 少年 少年 young
sien 𤺪† 倦 tired; sick of
simseg 心適 interesting
siok 俗 cheap; not expensive
siøfkhoar 小可仔‡ 稍微 some; a little; a few
siongpurn 傷本 高成本/花費大 cost too much; too expensive; costly
sngf 酸 sour
soong 倯† hick; clownish; bucolic; stupid
søex 細 small; little
suie 媠† 美 beautiful
tarngsngf 凍霜 stingy
taxmpøqar 淡薄仔‡ some; a little bit
thiarm 忝† tired; weary
thihkhie 鐵齒 stubborn (thihkhie-tanggezøo)
thøfzex 討債 prodigal; in expenditure
tiaau 牢 牢/住 tight
tiautit 條直 honest and straight-forward
toa 大 大 big
tvy 甜 甜 sweet
voax 晏 晚/遲 late
zar 早 early
zhengkhix 清氣 clean
zøe 濟† 多 plenty; many

Nouns - blood relation and relations by marriage

MTL THJ MSM ENG
acie 阿姊 older sister
acirm 阿嬸 the wife of one’s father’s younger brother
afng 翁 husband
ahviaf 阿兄 older brother
akim 阿妗 wife of maternal uncle
akofng 阿公 grandfather
aku 阿舅 mother’s brother
amar 阿媽 grandmother
amr 阿姆 the wife of one’s father’s older brother
apeq 阿伯 father’s older brother
azeg 阿叔 father’s younger brother
bor 某† 妻 wife
gyn'ar 囡仔† 孩子 kids
hauxsvef 後生 兒子 son
khanchiuo`ee 牽手 wife
kviafsaix 囝婿 son-in-law
kviar 囝 子 child; son
mamaf (mafmaq) 媽媽 mother
papaf (apaq) 爸爸 father
Siensvy 先生 Mr.; Sir (see Siensvy)
simpu (sinpu) 新婦 媳婦 daughter-in-law
siøfmoe 小妹 younger sister
siøfti 小弟 younger brother
sixtoa 序大 the senior; elder
sun'ar 孫仔‡ grandchildren
takef 大家‡ 婆婆 husband’s mother
takvoaf 大官‡ 公公 husband’s father
tangmngg`ee 同門的‡ 連襟 the men whose wives are sisters
tangsai'ar (tangsai) 同姒 妯娌 the women whose husbands are brothers (tangsai)
Thaethaix 太太 Mrs.
tviuxlaang 丈人‡ 岳父 wife’s father
tviuxmr 丈姆 wife’s mother
zabor-kviar 查某囝 daughter
zapof-kviar 查埔囝 son

Nouns describing body (sengkhw)

MTL THJ MSM ENG
axmkurn 頷頸‡ neck
bagbaai 目眉 eye brow
bagciw 目睭‡ 眼睛 eye
chiuo 手 hands
chiwkhiaw 手曲 elbow
exhaai 下頦 lower jaw
hengkharm 胸坎 chest; thorax
hvi 耳 ears
hvixkhafng 耳空 ear hole/ear
hvixzw 耳珠 ear lobe
kengkahthaau 肩胛頭 shoulder
khachiuo 跤手 手和腳 foot and hands
khaf 跤 腳 legs
khazhngf 尻川† 臀 buttocks
na'aau 嚨喉 咽喉 throat
paktor 腹肚 stomach
phvi (phvi'ar) 鼻 nose
sengkhw 身軀 trunk; body
thaukhag 頭殼 head
thaumngg 頭毛 hair
thauzafng 頭鬃 hair
toxzaai 肚臍 belly button
zhuie'extao 喙下斗 lower jaw
zhuiekhie 喙齒 teeth
zhuietuun 喙脣 lips
zhuix 喙 mouth

Nouns - general use

MTL THJ MSM ENG
kankhor 艱苦 hardship
loxeng/loxiong 路用 use
miqkvia 物件 thing
paxnsex 範勢 辦勢 condition; situation
sapbuun 雪文‡ soap
senglie 生理 生意 business
sihnaq 爍爁† 閃電 lightning
sofzai 所在 place; location
taixcix 代誌‡ 事情 thing
zhuopvy 厝邊 neighbor

Nouns - Time (sikafn)

See also: sikafn

MTL THJ MSM ENG
armsii 暗時 at night; night time
armthau'ar 暗頭仔‡ evening
au`jit 後日 the day after tomorrow
auxjit 後日 幾天後 some other day in the future
bin'afzaix/mia'afzaix 明仔載‡ tomorrow
bømee-bøjit 無暝無日 day in day out
cidtiafm'ar-kuo 一點仔久‡ only a little bit long
cidtiap'afkuo 一霎仔†久 in a moment
cirnzeeng 進前 無多久以前 not long ago
citmar 這馬† 現在 right now
citzun 這陣† 這時 right now
e'hngf 下昏‡ 今昏 tonight
e'axm 下昏暗‡ 今暗/今晚 tonight
etaux 下晝‡ 今罩/今午 this afternoon
expof 下晡 afternoon
extaux 下晝 afternoon
hiexntai 現代 modern
hiøhjoah 歇熱 summer vacation
hiøhkvoaa 歇寒 winter vacation
jit`sii 日時 day time
joaqthvy 熱天 summer
khahtheng'ar 較停仔‡ in a very short time
kin'afjit 今仔日‡ today
kinnii 今年 this year
køeakhix 過去 in the past
kofzar 古早 long long ago
kuxnii 舊年 last year
kvoathvy 寒天 winter
Lefpaix-jit 禮拜日 Sunday
Pae'id 拜一 禮拜一 Monday
Pae'ji 拜二 禮拜二 Tuesday
Pae'svaf 拜三 禮拜三 Wednesday
Pae'six 拜四 禮拜四 Thursday
Pae'go 拜五 禮拜五 Friday
Pae'lak 拜六 禮拜六 Saturday
sincviaf 新正 Lunar New Year
tangthvy 冬天 winter
thao'axm 透暗 all night; very late at night
thaomee/thaomii 透暝 all night
thaozar 透早 very early in the morning
thaozar-thao'axm 透早透暗 day or night
thautwar 頭拄仔‡ not long ago
thvy-kngf 天光 dawn; at dawn
tiongtaux 中晝 noon
tviaxtvia 定定 quite often
twciaq 拄才‡ 剛剛 just now; just a moment ago
za'axm 昨暗 last night
zafban 早慢 sooner or later
zafkhie 早起 morning
za'hngf/zaqhngf 昨昏 昨天 yesterday
zhunthvy 春天 春天 spring
zøh`jit 昨日 前天 the day before yesterday
zuun`nii 前年‡ the year before last year

Chviar Zhamkhør

Siongkoafn

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