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== Dialectal Vowels == | |||
Symbol ''r'' denotes dialectical vowels found in the regions of Lukang, Sanxia, Taipei, Kinmen, Magong, and Hsinchu, which tend toward [[Zoanciw-oe|Zoanciw accent]]. | |||
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;" | |||
|+Dialectical vowels | |||
!Tâi-lô!! IPA !! Description || Example <br>(MLT-based) || # Entries <br>in [[DFT]] | |||
|- | |||
|ir || [ɨ] || {{w|close central unrounded vowel}}, between ''i'' and ''u'' || [[hii|h{{ir}}i]], [[hancii|hancɨi]], [[lauxsw|lauxs{{ir}}f]] || 56 | |||
|- | |||
|er || [ə] || Schwa / {{w|mid central vowel}} || [[zhanlee|zhanl{{er}}e]], [[jinsym|lins{{er}}fm]] || ~90 | |||
|- | |||
|ere || [əe] || Schwa + e ([[øe]]), exclusive to [[Samkiab Khw|Samkiab]] || {{x|køef}}, [[khøef]], [[tøe]] || 83 | |||
|} | |||
* additionally, ''or'' ([ɤ]) denotes Kaohsiung and Tainan realization of MLT ''[[ø]]'' | |||
* ''ee'', the [[open-mid front unrounded vowel]] ([ɛ]), is not used in Taiwanese but found in [[Ciangciw-oe|Ciangciw Hokkien]] | |||
== Tone markings == | |||
* [[Tones of Taiwanese|tone]] markings: | |||
** Tone 6: still found in [[Logkarng-khviw|Lukang accent]]. marked with the caron (ǎ/ě/ǐ/ǒ/ǔ) | |||
** Tone 9: marked with the {{w|double acute accent}} (e.g. a̋, as in bua̋-kín, contraction of [[bøo-iaokirn]]; also a̋ng--âng-âng), appears in 16 entries | |||
== Templates == | |||
* [[Template:ir]] | * [[Template:ir]] | ||
* [[Template:er]] | * [[Template:er]] | ||
* ɛ: [[Open-mid front unrounded vowel]] | * ɛ: [[Open-mid front unrounded vowel]] | ||
* [[Template:ere]] | * [[Template:ere]] | ||
== Related MLT/TMSS Note == | |||
* [[Liim Keahioong]] (1992). [http://www.edutech.org.tw/A1/Dialect-T.htm Different Taiwanese Dialects and Derivative Vowels] | |||
* [[Media:TDJ_p3.png]] | |||
Latest revision as of 15:32, 29 October 2024
Dialectal Vowels
Symbol r denotes dialectical vowels found in the regions of Lukang, Sanxia, Taipei, Kinmen, Magong, and Hsinchu, which tend toward Zoanciw accent.
| Tâi-lô | IPA | Description | Example (MLT-based) |
# Entries in DFT |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ir | [ɨ] | close central unrounded vowel, between i and u | hɨi, hancɨi, lauxsɨf | 56 |
| er | [ə] | Schwa / mid central vowel | zhanləe, linsəfm | ~90 |
| ere | [əe] | Schwa + e (øe), exclusive to Samkiab | køef, khøef, tøe | 83 |
- additionally, or ([ɤ]) denotes Kaohsiung and Tainan realization of MLT ø
- ee, the open-mid front unrounded vowel ([ɛ]), is not used in Taiwanese but found in Ciangciw Hokkien
Tone markings
- tone markings:
- Tone 6: still found in Lukang accent. marked with the caron (ǎ/ě/ǐ/ǒ/ǔ)
- Tone 9: marked with the double acute accent (e.g. a̋, as in bua̋-kín, contraction of bøo-iaokirn; also a̋ng--âng-âng), appears in 16 entries
