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Table of all MLT finals: Difference between revisions

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A table of all ''finals'' in Taiwanese is presented in the following files using the [[Modern Taiwanese Language|MTL]] writing system. In MTL, the final contains the vowel, tone, and any consonant endings. The commonly-used finals total to about 70, ignoring the tones (counting only the basic and high-short tones), or 270, if all tones are counted.
'''Tables of all MLT finals'''. In a Taiwanese [[imcied|syllable]], there are two main parts: '''initial''' + '''final''', where the final includes [[Tones of Taiwanese|tone]]. In the [[Modern Literal Taiwanese|MLT]] writing system, the final may include up to three parts:


* [[:File:Finals of Taiwanese in MTL.pdf|Finals of Taiwanese in MTL.pdf]]
:: '''vowel''' + '''tone''' + optional '''final consonant'''


== Method ==
== Versions ==
266 unique finals were found in the main entries of ''[[Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan]]''. First, 17,916 rows in the two main sections (starting with #1 & #50001) were considered. Each [[TRS]] word was broken down into pre-[[sandhi]] [[syllable]]s, yielding a total of 35,859 syllables, from which 2,080 unique syllables were counted. Each syllable was then converted into MTL and broken into initial and final parts. Finally, the finals were counted.
The following tables show how to spell any '''MLT final''' in each tone.
* The top ten most frequent finals (across the headwords) are: {{xl|ar}}, {{xl|ie}}, {{xl|eeng}}, {{xl|ii}}, {{xl|ofng}}, {{xl|i}}, {{xl|efng}}, {{xl|ix}}, {{xl|o}}, {{xl|af}}. ''Ar'' was found 997 times, ''af'' 395 times.
* {{Seven-Tones-Soundboard-link}}, 43 × 7 grid, click for audio example
* The nine least frequent, found only once, are: {{xl|oafng}}, {{xl|ob}}, {{xl|om}}, {{xl|oom}}, {{xl|vaai}}, {{xl|vau}}, {{xl|viao}}, {{xl|voq}}, {{xl|vuix}}.
* [[Media:Seven_Tones_of_Taiwanese.pdf|''Seven Tones of Taiwanese'']], 32 × 7 grid for spelling out all tones
* Data: [[:File:MoeDict mainspace finals MTL KH.ods|Frequency count (ODS)]]
* [[Media:Examples_of_Seven_Tones_of_Taiwanese.pdf|Examples]], using words and syllables from  [[Practical Taiwanese Conversation]] (Level 1)
* [[Media:Finals of Modern Literal Taiwanese.pdf|''Finals of Modern Literal Taiwanese'']], 46 × 7 grid, including '''om''', '''oang''' and "front nasal" vowels (see [[v]])
 
== Background ==
* counted over 2100 distinct [[TL]] [[syllable]]s in ''[[Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan]]''
* counted 80 distinct finals (44 long, 36 short) after dropping tone markings
** ten most frequent: '''i''', '''e''', '''a''', '''ing''', '''u''', '''oo''', '''au''', '''ue''', '''o''', '''ai'''
** nine least frequent: '''om''', '''aunnh''', '''aih''', '''iuh''', '''ennh''', '''mh''', '''uang''', '''onnh''', '''iaunn''', '''op'''. These are found in the words: {{x|om}}, {{x|hvauqhvauh}}, {{x|haiq}}, {{x|tiuq}}, {{x|khveh}}, {{x|hmqhmh}}, {{x|oafng}}, {{x|`hvoq}}, {{x|viaw}}, {{x|lob}}, respectively.


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[List of all initial consonants in MTL]]
* [[MTL Toolbox]] - soundboard
* initial consonants in [[Modern Literal Taiwanese alphabet]]
* [[Tones of Taiwanese]]
* [[Tones of Taiwanese]]
* [[Frequency of Syllables in Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan]]
* [[Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan/Monosyllables]]
 
[[Category:Modern Literal Taiwanese]]

Latest revision as of 10:07, 20 February 2026

Tables of all MLT finals. In a Taiwanese syllable, there are two main parts: initial + final, where the final includes tone. In the MLT writing system, the final may include up to three parts:

vowel + tone + optional final consonant

Versions

The following tables show how to spell any MLT final in each tone.

Background

See also

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