Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji

Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji (台語常用460字; 460 Common Taiwanese Words) written in MTL with English definition. Source: Taiguo Siong’iong 460-ji (台語文協會/2004年黃美雲整理)

Personal pronouns

Main article: Personal pronouns

Listen

MTL	THJ	Hoaguo	Engguo
goar	我	我	I; me
gurn	阮	我們/我的	we; us; (not including listener)
goarn	阮	我/我們/我等/咱們	we; us; (not including listener)
kaki	家己	自己	self
larn	咱	我們/咱	we; us; (includes listener)
lie	你/妳	你/妳/汝	you
lirn	恁	你們/你的/你們的	you (plural/exclusive)
tag'ee	逐個	各個/每個	everybody
taixkef	大家	大家	everybody; all the people
y	伊	他/她/祂	he; she; it; his; her
yn	NA	他們/他的	they; them

Demonstrative pronouns

Listen

MTL	THJ	MSM	ENG
cidee	一个	一個	one
ciaf^	遮	這裡	here
ciah'ee/ciafee	遮的	這些	these
ciahniq'	即呢	這麼	such; so
cit'ee	這个	這個	this one
citkhoarn	這款	這種/這樣	this kind of
hef	彼	那	that one
hiah'ee	遐的	那些	those
hiaf^	遐	那裡	there
hiahniq'	NA	那麼	in that way
hit'ee	彼个	那個	that one
hitkhoarn	彼款	那款	that kind of
sviafkhoarn	啥款/甚款	怎麼樣	what kind
symmih'khoarn	什麼款	什麼樣	what do you think
zef^	這	這	this one

Usage notes:

• ^: these words never change tone (tone sandhi).
• ': words ending with apostrophe are pronounced as is, also do not tone sandhi.

Interrogative pronouns

Listen

MTL	THJ	MSM	ENG
joaxkuo	偌久	多久	how long
joaxtoa	偌大	多大	how big
joaxzøe	偌儕	多少	how many; how much
kuyee	幾个	幾個	how many
kuyjit	幾日	幾日	how many days
kuykafng	幾工	幾天	how many days
kuytiarm	幾點	幾點	what time it is
nar	那	怎	how; why; what
nar øe	那會	怎會	how come; how could this be possible
sviafhøex	啥貨/甚貨	甚麼/什麼東西	what
sviaflaang	啥人	哪個/孰/誰/誰人/誰個	who
sviar	啥	甚	what
symmih	甚物	什麼	what
symmih'laang	甚物人	什麼人	who
tafcidee	哪一个	哪一個	which one
tafcidhang	哪一項	哪一項	which item
tafcidui	哪一位	哪一位	which one
tangsii	當時	何時	when
tafui	哪位	那裡	where
tøfui	叨位	那裡	where
uixhøo	為何	因何/為什麼/為何	why; for what
uixsymmih	為甚物	為什麼	why; for what

Conjunctions

MTL	THJ	MSM	ENG
afnny	按呢	這樣子/如此	well…then
afnzvoar	按怎	何以/怎的/怎麼	how
ar	而	而	but; still
chinchviu	親像	就像	as; such as; as if
citmar	這碼/即碼	現在	at this moment
hafntid	罕得	少有/難得	rarely; seldom
høfkazaix	好佳哉	幸好/幸虧	fortunately
iar	或/抑	抑	or
in'ui/sofie	因為…所以		because…therefore
kab	佮	和	and; with
kiafmzhae	減采	假使	perhaps
kaxngkhoarn	共款	一樣/同樣/相同/相像	same ; similar
koputciofng	姑不將	不得已/無奈何	be obliged; have no choice but to; reluctant
lofngzorng	攏總	一共/一總/打總兒/全部	all; collectively
ma	嘛	也/亦	also; too
mxbiern	毋免	不免/不必	not necessary; unnecessary; not have to
mxkuo	m̄-kú	不過/然而	but
mxna	m̄但	不只/不光/不但	not only…
na	若	若/如果	if
suxnsoax	順紲	附帶/趁便/順便	conveniently
pwntøea	本底	本來/原本/先前	at first; originally
taxnsi	但是	但是	but
tiaukafng	特工	特意	on purpose
tiaukorix	特故意	存心/成心/刻意/故意	on purpose
tvaf	今	現在/如今	now
twciaq	N/A	適即/剛剛	moment ago

Auxiliary verbs

MTL	THJ	MSM	ENG
aix	愛	喜歡/想要/愛	want; like
borng	罔	姑且/將就	content oneself with; may as well
bøe	未	不會	be not able to; not willing to
bøeq	欲	要/如果/快要	want; like
bøexhiao	未曉	不會	don’t know
bøexsae	未使	不可以	it can not be; be not able to
bøextaxng	未taxng	未為/不能	it can not be; be not able to
laai	來	來	let’s ; come
m	毋	不	not
maix	N/A	勿/毋	do not
mxthafng	m̄通	不可	may not
øe	會	會/能	be able and willing to
øexhiao	會曉	能曉/會	know
øexsae	會使	能使/可以	it may
øextaxng	會taxng	能為/可以	be able to
øextitthafng	會得通	可以	it can be; be able to
phvae	歹	壞/惡/難	it’s bad to
thafng	通	通過/可以	may
tiøqaix	著愛	須	have to

Adverbs

Huosuu

MTL	THJ	MSM	ENG
bøo-tviutii	無張持	沒注意/不小心	unexpectedly
ciog	足	足/很	very; very much
ciu	就	就	then
cyn-	真	真	very
cviaa	誠	很	very much
iao	猶	還/尚	not yet
iawbøe	猶未	尚未	not yet
juo...juo	愈…愈	愈…愈	the more…the more
kaix	界	最	very
kaq	?	與	to
kantvaf	干單	只有	only; merely
khaq	較	比較/更/再	more
køhkhaq	閣較	更較/復較	even more
køq	閣	再/還/更加	again; more
kuikhix	歸氣/規氣	索性/乾脆	simply; totally
liampvy	連鞭	馬上	at once
lorng	攏	都/皆/全部	all
luo...luo	愈…愈	愈…愈	the more…the more
niaxnia	而而	而已	only
siong	尚/最	尚/最	the most
sioxngkaix	上界	最	the most
suii	隨	馬上	immediately
svakab	相及/相合	一起	together
sviw	傷	太	too much; too many
teq	在	正在	in the process of
thaix	太	太	very
thaothaux	透透	透徹	thoroughly
tø	就	?	yet; though; then
tvaf hai`aq	今害矣	?	too bad
twtwafhør	抵抵好	剛剛好	just right

Prepositions

MTL	THJ	MSM	ENG
ciaux	照	照	fellow
ciofng	將	將	going to ; about to
ho	予	給/乎	to; by
ka	共	給/跟	with; to
kab		和	with; and
kaux	到/夠	到/夠	to; enough
kuozai	據在	隨便	indiscreetly; at one’s convenience
pie	比	比	compare
suizai	隨在	任憑/任由	at one’s convenience; no matter; regardless
ti	佇	在	at; in
tiaxm		站/在	at; in
ti teq		正在	in the process of
tngf	當	當	when; at that moment
tuix	對	對	right; correct
tuy		從	from
uixtiøh	為著	為了	for the sake of

Suffix particles indicating mood

MTL	THJ	Hoaguo	Engguo
`aq	呀	呀	an enclitics at the end of sentence to mark the completion of action
`ax	呀	呀	an enclitic at the end of sentence to mark the completion of action
`bøe	未	未	did… or not
`bøo	無	沒有	yes or not
`hvoq		吧	an enclitics at the end of sentence to indicate emphasize on interrogative mood
`jiblaai	`入來	進來	come in here
`jibkhix	`入去	進去	get in there
jip`laai	入`來		come in
jip`khix	入`去		to go in
khix`aq	去呀		enclitics affixes to verbs to express completion of action
`khylaai	`起來		get up to here
`khykhix	`起去		get up to there
`khylix	`起去		get up
khvoarmai	看覓	看看	just try it to see
laq	啦	啦	an enclitics at the end of sentence to indicate recognition; affirmative; impatience; completion; request
leq	哩!		an enclitics at the end of sentence to indicate command; emphasize on interrogative mood
løq	囉	囉	an enclitics at the end of sentence to indicate completion; exclamation; or emphasize
`løqkhix	`落去	下去	downward to there
`løqlaai	`落來	下來	downward to here
oq	喔!		an enclitics at the end of sentence to indicate caution; exclamation;
øexsae`tid	會使得	能使得/可以的	okay; can be; may
tiøh	著		affix to many verbs expressing accomplishment or taking effect

Verbs

Toxngsuu

MTL	THJ	MSM	ENG
aix	愛	喜歡/想要/愛	love; like
ao	拗	折/扭曲	break and snap
barn	挽	拔	pluck
biq	?	匿/逃避/躲	hide
bøviar	無影	無影	no such thing; groundless; unsubstantiated
chi	飼	飼	raise; feed
chiaau	?	移/調整	to adjust; to move
chiøf	?	好色	be horny
chitthøo	?	玩耍	play; have fun
chviaa	晟	成/栽培	to raise kids
chviar	請	請	to request; to ask; to invite
chviax	倩	聘僱/僱用	hire
chviux	唱	唱	to sing
ciah	食	吃	to eat
ciaokhykafng	照起工	按部就班	keep to the working routine
cym	唚	吻	to kiss
giaa	夯	抬	carry heavy thing over the shoulder
giexn	?	癮/渴望	to crave; addict
giin	?	睨/凝	stare
hahhi	哈唏	喝噓/打哈欠	yawn
hao	吼	哭/叫	roar; howl
haxmbiin	陷眠	做夢	talk in one's sleep; dreaming
hiaam	嫌	嫌	to detest; to dislike
hiin	眩	眩/暈	dizzy
hipsiong	翕相	照相	take a picture
hiøq	歇	休息	rest
hiw	咻	喊	scream; shout
hoaq	喝	喊	shout
i	?	玩	play
jiarng	嚷	嚷	shout
jiog	?	追	to chase; to follow
kaam	含	含/唅	hold in the mouth
kah'ix	佮意	中意	feel satisfied; take delight
kaxn	幹	姦	intercourse
kerng	揀	揀	choose; select
khausøea	khaw+洗	刨說	give sarcastic; ironical caustic comments
khaw	?	諷刺/刮/刨	speak ironically
khia	徛	豎/站	stand
khoarn	款	整理行李	pack; prepare for travel
khuxn	睏	睡	sleep
khvoax	看	看	to see
kiernsiaux	見笑	丟人	feel ashamed; embarrassed
kiørsi	叫是	以為	assume; presume
korng	講	講	to say; to speak
koxng	摃	打/摃	hit
køeasyn	過身	過世	pass away; die
kviaa	行	行走	walk
kvoa	?	攜	carry by a handle
kvoaa`tiøh	寒著	著涼	catch cold
laosae	落屎	拉肚子/瀉肚子	have loose bowel
larm	攬	攬	embrace
liah	掠	掠/捕	catch; grasp
liam	唸	唸	to read; to recite
liaqzurn	掠準	以為	presume
liaxm	捻	捻	to drive; to expel
lym	啉	喝/飲	to drink
ngx	向	向	face
oar	倚	倚	recline; lean on
ølør	呵咾	讚美	praise
parngsag	放皀	放棄	give up; abandon
phag	覆/仆	覆/仆	lying face down
phahkhachviux	拍KC	打腳唱/打噴嚏	sneeze
phahphvae`khix	拍歹去	打歹去	ruin; spoil; make a mess of something
phak jidthaau	曝日頭	晒太陽	be exposed to sunshine; sunbath
pharngkvix		丟掉/不見	lose; misplace
phoarpvi	破病	生病	get sick
phvi	鼻	聞/嗅	smell
phuix	呸	吐/翻臉/呸/唾	spit
po	哺	哺	chew
poah	跋	跋/跌	fall down
poaqkiao		賭博	gamble
puun	歕	吹	to blow
saf		抓	to grasp; to catch
siafphøef	寫批	寫信	to write a letter
siar	寫	寫	to write
siongpurn	傷本	高成本/花費大	cost too much; too expensive; costly
siuu	泅	泅	to swim
siuxkhix	受氣	生氣	get angry; get upset
soahsoaq`khix	煞煞去	算了	stop or discontinue with intention; call it off
søeaji	細膩	小心	be careful; concerned; deliberate; watchful
søf	搔/搓	搔/搓	stroke; rub; pet
søo	趖	爬行	wonder around
suq		吸	suck
tafm		嚐	lick; taste
thef	撐	靠/躺	recline; lean on
theh		提/拿	to lift
thviaf	聽	聽	to listen
tiøo	跳	跳	jump
tngr`khix	轉去	回去	go home; go back
tong	洞	洞	poke; hole
tør`leq	倒哩!	倒哩!	lying down
tuhkw	盹龜	打瞌睡	doze
zaiviar	知影	知道	be aware of
zao	走	跑/逃	to run; to leave
zefng	舂	舂	hit
zhamsioong	參詳	商量	discuss; confer
zhoa	娶/導	迎娶	lead; guide; accompany; escort; show the way
zhoafnkhuix	喘氣	呼吸	breathe
zhoaq		顫	to shake; to tremble; to shiver
zhoarnsviu	串想	幻想	fantasy
zhorngsviar	創啥	創甚	do what
zhoxng	創	創	to do; to create; to establish
zhw	趨	趄	slide
zhwn	剩	剩	more than enough
zng	吮	饌	lick
zuxn	顫	抖	shiver

Adjectives

Hengiongsuu

MTL	Harnji	Hoaguo	Engguo
bae		醜	ugly; mean
bø'eeng	無閒	無閑	busy
bøzhae	無彩	可惜/白費	too bad; regrettable
chirnzhae	凊彩	隨便/馬虎	one or other; either way
chiuchixn	秋凊	涼快	pleasantly cool
chvihun/zhvehun	生份	陌生/生疏	strange; unfamiliar
cidkoar	一寡	少許/一些	some; a little; a few
cidsi'ar	一絲仔	絲毫	a little bit
cidsut'ar	一屑仔	一點點	a little bit
ciør	少	少	few
eng'eeng	閒閒	閒著沒事	not busy
gaau		賢	clever; good at …; wise
gong	戇	傻	stupid; silly
hamban	憨慢		incompetent; clumsy; unskillful
hiaau		嬲	lascivious; lewd
hiafm		辛	hot; spicy
høfgiah	好額	有錢人	rich
høfkhafng	好孔	好門路	lucky; blessed
høfsex	好勢	好勢	settled; finished
huiekhix	費氣	麻煩	troublesome; difficult
hvoahie	歡喜	高興	glad ; happy
ientaau	緣投	英俊	handsome
jixncyn	認真	認真	serious
keksae	激屎	傲慢	snobbish; snooty;
khiao	巧	聰明	clever; intelligent
khiarngkhaf		精明/厲害	shrewd; ambitious
khoaelok	快樂	快樂	happy
khofng	悾	呆笨	frantic; wild; maniac
khor	苦	苦	bitter
khunkhiam	勤儉	勤儉	hard-working and thrifty; diligent and frugal
kiaam	鹹	鹹	salty
kirn	緊	快/急	fast
kofix	古意	忠厚/老實	gentle; mild; well-behaved
kofzuy	古錐	可愛	cute
koarnsix	慣勢	習慣	used to; accustomed to
kutlat	骨力	勤勞	hard-working
kvialaang	驚人		dirty; filthy; soiled
lau	老	老	old
lahsab	垃圾	骯髒	dirty; filthy
lixpien	利便	便利	convenient
og	惡	不好的	bad; evil
phahpviax		打拚	work very hard; exerting the utmost strength
phvae	歹	壞/惡/難	bad; evil
phvaysex	歹勢	不好意思	embarrassed; shy; coy
pintvoa		怠惰	lazy
sarnchiaq		赤貧	poor; poverty
segsai		熟識	familiar; reminiscent
siab	澀		rough; a slightly bitter taste that numbs the tongue
siaolieen	少年	少年	young
sien		倦	tired; sick of
simseg	心適		interesting
siok	俗		cheap; not expensive
siøfkhoar	小可	稍微	some; a little; a few
sngf	酸		sour
soong			hick; clownish; bucolic; stupid
søex	細		small; little
suie		美	beautiful
tarngsngf	凍霜		stingy
taxmpøqar	淡薄仔		some; a little bit
thiarm			tired; weary
thihkhie	鐵齒		stubborn
thøfzex	討債		prodigal; in expenditure
tiaau		牢/住	tight
tiautit	條直		honest and straight-forward
toa	大	大	big
tvy	甜	甜	sweet
voax	晏	晚/遲	late
zar	早		early
zhengkhix	清氣		clean
zøe		多	plenty; many

Nouns - blood relation and relations by marriage

MTL	Harnji	Hoaguo	Engguo
acie	阿姊		older sister
acirm	阿嬸		the wife of one’s father’s younger brother
afng	翁		husband
ahviaf	阿兄		older brother
akim	阿妗		wife of maternal uncle
akofng	阿公		grandfather
aku	阿舅		mother’s brother
amar	阿媽		grandmother
amr	阿姆		the wife of one’s father’s older brother
apeq	阿伯		father’s older brother
azeg	阿叔		father’s younger brother
bor	某	妻	wife
gyn'ar	囝仔	孩子	kids
hauxsvy	後生	兒子	son
khanchiuo	牽手		wife
kviafsaix	子婿		son-in-law
kviar	囝	子	child; son
mamaf	媽媽		mother
papaf	爸爸		father
Siensvy	先生		Mr.; Sir
simpu		媳婦	daughter-in-law
siøfmoe	小妹		younger sister
siøfti	小弟		younger brother
sixtoa	序大		the senior; elder
sun'ar	孫仔		grandchildren
takef		唐家	husband’s mother
takvoaf		唐官	husband’s father
tangmngg`ee	同門的		the men whose wives are sisters
tangsai	同姒	妯娌	the women whose husbands are brothers
Thaethaix	太太		Mrs.
tviuxlaang	丈人		wife’s father
tviuxmr	丈姆		wife’s mother
zabor-kviar	查某囝		daughter
zapof-kviar	查甫囝		son

Nouns describing body

MTL	Harnji	Hoaguo	Engguo
axmkurn	頷頸		neck
bagbaai	目眉		eye brow
bagciw	目睭	眼睛	eye
chiuo	手		hands
chiwkhiaw	手曲		elbow
exhaai	下頦		lower jaw
hengkharm	胸坎		chest; thorax
hvi	耳		ears
hvixkhafng	耳孔		ear hole/ear
hvixzw	耳珠		ear lobe
kengkahthaau	肩胛頭		shoulder
khachiuo	腳手		foot and hands
khaf	腳		legs
khazhngf	腳瘡		buttocks
na'aau		咽喉	throat
paktor	腹肚		stomach
phvi (phvi'ar)	鼻		nose
sengkhw	身軀		trunk; body
thaukhag	頭殼		head
thaumngg	頭毛		hair
thauzafng	頭鬃		hair
toxzaai	肚臍		belly button
zhuie'extao	嘴下斗		lower jaw
zhuiekhie	嘴齒		teeth
zhuietuun	嘴唇		lips
zhuix	嘴		mouth

Nouns - general use

MTL	Harnji	Hoaguo	Engguo
kankhor	艱苦		hardship
loxiong/loxeng	路用		use
miqkvia	物件		thing
paxnsex		辦勢	condition; situation
sapbuun	雪文		soap
senglie		生意	business
sihnax		閃電	lightning
sofzai	所在		place; location
taixcix	代誌	事情	thing
zhuopvy	厝邊		neighbor

Nouns - Time

MTL	Harnji	Hoaguo	Engguo
armsii	暗時		at night; night time
armthau'ar	晚頭仔		evening
au`jit	後日		the day after tomorrow
auxjit		幾天後	some other day in the future
bømii-bøjit	無瞑無日		day in day out
cidtiafm'afkuo	一點仔久		only a little bit long
cidtiap'afkuo	一霎仔久		in a moment
cirnzeeng	進前	無多久以前	not long ago
citmar	這碼	現在	right now
citzun	這陣	這時	right now
ehngf		今昏	tonight
eng'axm		今暗/今晚	tonight
etaux		今罩/今午	this afternoon
expof	下晡		afternoon
extaux	下罩		afternoon
hiexntai	現代		modern
hiøhjoah	歇熱		summer vacation
hiøhkvoaa	歇寒		winter vacation
jit`sii	日時		day time
joaqthvy	熱天		summer
khahtheng'ar	較停仔		in a very short time
kin'afjit	今仔日		today
kinnii	今年		this year
kofzar	古早		long long ago
køeakhix	過去		in the past
kuxnii	舊年		last year
kvoathvy	寒天		winter
Lefpaix-jit	禮拜日		Sunday
min'afzaix/bin'afzaix	明仔再		tomorrow
Paix-id	拜一	禮拜一	Monday
Paix-ji	拜二	禮拜二	Tuesday
Paix-svaf	拜三	禮拜三	Wednesday
Paix-six	拜四	禮拜四	Thursday
Paix-go	拜五	禮拜五	Friday
Paix-lak	拜六	禮拜六	Saturday
sincviaf	新正		lunar new year
tangthvy	冬天		winter
thao'axm	透暗		all night; very late at night
thaomii	透暝		all night
thaozar	透早		very early in the morning
thaozar-thao'axm	透早透暗		day or night
thautwar	頭抵仔		not long ago
thvikngf	天光		dawn; at dawn
tiongtaux	中罩/中晝		noon
tviaxtvia	定定		quite often
twciaq	適即	剛剛	just now; just a moment ago
za'axm	昨暗		last night
zafban	早慢		sooner or later
zafkhie	早起		morning
zahngf		昨天	yesterday
zhunthvy	春天	春天	spring
zøjit	曹日	前天	the day before yesterday
zuun`nii	前年		the year before last year

Chviar ZhamkhQr

• 臺灣閩南語推薦用字 (300-ji)

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