Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji: Difference between revisions

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== Personal pronouns ==
== Personal pronouns ==
Main article: [[Personal pronouns]]
[http://taigie.taioaan.org/english/audio/460A.mp3 Listen]
[http://taigie.taioaan.org/english/audio/460A.mp3 Listen]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''ENG'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''ENG'''
|-
|-
| [[goar]]||我||我||I; me
| goar||我||我||I; me
|-
|-
| [[gurn]]||阮||我們/我的||we; us; (not including listener)
| gurn||阮||我們/我的||we; us; (not including listener)
|-
|-
| [[goarn]]||阮||我/我們/我等/咱們||we; us; (not including listener)
| goarn||阮||我/我們/我等/咱們||we; us; (not including listener)
|-
|-
| [[kaki]]||家己||自己||self
| [[kaki]]||家己||自己||self
|-
|-
| [[larn]]||咱||我們/咱||we; us; (includes listener)
| larn||咱||我們/咱||we; us; (includes listener)
|-
|-
| [[lie]]||你/妳||你/妳/汝||you
| lie||你/妳||你/妳/汝||you
|-
|-
| [[lirn]]||恁||你們/你的/你們的||you (plural/exclusive)
| lirn||恁||你們/你的/你們的||you (plural/exclusive)
|-
|-
| tag'ee||逐個||各個/每個||everybody
| tag'ee||逐個||各個/每個||everybody
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| [[taixkef]]||大家||大家||everybody; all the people
| [[taixkef]]||大家||大家||everybody; all the people
|-
|-
| [[y]]||伊||他/她/祂||he; she; it; his; her
| y||伊||他/她/祂||he; she; it; his; her
|-
|-
| [[yn]]||NA||他們/他的||they; them
| yn||NA||他們/他的||they; them
|}
|}


Revision as of 19:54, 5 February 2014

Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji (台語常用460字; 460 Common Taiwanese Words) written in MTL. See also Common Taiwanese phrases. Source: Taiguo Siong’iong 460-ji (台語文協會/2004年黃美雲整理)

Personal pronouns

Main article: Personal pronouns

Listen

MTL THJ MSM ENG
goar 我 我 I; me
gurn 阮 我們/我的 we; us; (not including listener)
goarn 阮 我/我們/我等/咱們 we; us; (not including listener)
kaki 家己 自己 self
larn 咱 我們/咱 we; us; (includes listener)
lie 你/妳 你/妳/汝 you
lirn 恁 你們/你的/你們的 you (plural/exclusive)
tag'ee 逐個 各個/每個 everybody
taixkef 大家 大家 everybody; all the people
y 伊 他/她/祂 he; she; it; his; her
yn NA 他們/他的 they; them

Demonstrative pronouns

Listen

MTL THJ MSM ENG
cidee 一个 一個 one
ciaf^ 遮 這裡 here
ciah'ee/ciafee 遮的 這些 these
ciahniq' 即呢 這麼 such; so
cit'ee 這个 這個 this one
citkhoarn 這款 這種/這樣 this kind of
hef 彼 那 that one
hiah'ee 遐的 那些 those
hiaf^ 遐 那裡 there
hiahniq' NA 那麼 in that way
hit'ee 彼个 那個 that one
hitkhoarn 彼款 那款 that kind of
sviafkhoarn 啥款/甚款 怎麼樣 what kind
symmih'khoarn 什麼款 什麼樣 what do you think
zef^ 這 這 this one

Usage notes:

  • ^: these words never change tone (tone sandhi).
  • ': words ending with apostrophe are pronounced as is, also do not tone sandhi.

Interrogative pronouns

Listen

MTL THJ MSM ENG
joaxkuo 偌久 多久 how long
joaxtoa 偌大 多大 how big
joaxzQe 偌儕 多少 how many; how much
kuyee 幾个 幾個 how many
kuyjit 幾日 幾日 how many days
kuykafng 幾工 幾天 how many days
kuytiarm 幾點 幾點 what time it is
nar 那 怎 how; why; what
nar Qe 那會 怎會 how come; how could this be possible
sviafhQex 啥貨/甚貨 甚麼/什麼東西 what
sviaflaang 啥人 哪個/孰/誰/誰人/誰個 who
sviar 啥 甚 what
symmih 甚物 什麼 what
symmih'laang 甚物人 什麼人 who
tafcidee 哪一个 哪一個 which one
tafcidhang 哪一項 哪一項 which item
tafcidui 哪一位 哪一位 which one
tangsii 當時 何時 when
tafui 哪位 那裡 where
tQfui 叨位 那裡 where
uixhQo 為何 因何/為什麼/為何 why; for what
uixsymmih 為甚物 為什麼 why; for what

Conjunctions

Listen

MTL THJ MSM ENG
afnny 按呢 這樣子/如此 well…then
afnzvoar 按怎 何以/怎的/怎麼 how
ar 而 而 but; still
chinchviu 親像 就像 as; such as; as if
citmar 這碼 現在 at this moment
hafntid 罕得 少有/難得 rarely; seldom
hQfkazaix 好佳哉 幸好/幸虧 fortunately
iar 或/抑 抑 or
in'ui/sofie 因為…所以 because…therefore
kab 佮 和 and; with
kiafmzhae 減采 假使 perhaps
kaxngkhoarn 共款 一樣/同樣/相同/相像 same ; similar
koputciofng 姑不將 不得已/無奈何 be obliged; have no choice but to; reluctant
lofngzorng 攏總 一共/一總/打總兒/全部 all; collectively
ma 嘛 也/亦 also; too
mxbiern 毋免 不免/不必 not necessary; unnecessary; not have to
mxkuo m̄-kú 不過/然而 but
mxna m̄但 不只/不光/不但 not only…
na 若 若/如果 if
suxnsoax 順紲 附帶/趁便/順便 conveniently
pwntQea 本底 本來/原本/先前 at first; originally
taxnsi 但是 但是 but
tiaukafng 特工 特意 on purpose
tiaukorix 特故意 存心/成心/刻意/故意 on purpose
tvaf 今 現在/如今 now
twciaq N/A 適即/剛剛 moment ago

Auxiliary verbs

MTL THJ MSM ENG
aix 愛 喜歡/想要/愛 want; like
borng 罔 姑且/將就 content oneself with; may as well
bQe 未 不會 be not able to; not willing to
bQeq 欲 要/如果/快要 want; like
bQexhiao 未曉 不會 don’t know
bQexsae 未使 不可以 it can not be; be not able to
bQextaxng 未taxng 未為/不能 it can not be; be not able to
laai 來 來 let’s ; come
m 毋 不 not
maix N/A 勿/毋 do not
mxthafng m̄通 不可 may not
Qe 會 會/能 be able and willing to
Qexhiao 會曉 能曉/會 know
Qexsae 會使 能使/可以 it may
Qextaxng 會taxng 能為/可以 be able to
Qextitthafng 會得通 可以 it can be; be able to
phvae 歹 壞/惡/難 it’s bad to
thafng 通 通過/可以 may
tiQqaix 著愛 須 have to

Adverbs

MTL THJ MSM ENG
bQo-tviutii 無張持 沒注意/不小心 unexpectedly
ciog 足 足/很 very; very much
ciu 就 就 then
cyn- 真 真 very
cviaa 誠 很 very much
iao 猶 還/尚 not yet
iawbQe 猶未 尚未 not yet
juo…juo 愈…愈 愈…愈 the more…the more
kaix 界 最 very
kaq ? 與 to
kantvaf 干單 只有 only; merely
khaq 較 比較/更/再 more
kQhkhaq 閣較 更較/復較 even more
kQq 閣 再/還/更加 again; more
kuikhix 歸氣/規氣 索性/乾脆 simply; totally
liampvy 連鞭 馬上 at once
lorng 攏 都/皆/全部 all
luo…luo 愈…愈 愈…愈 the more…the more
niaxnia 而而 而已 only
siong 尚/最 尚/最 the most
sioxngkaix 上界 最 the most
suii 隨 馬上 immediately
svakab 相及/相合 一起 together
sviw 傷 太 too much; too many
teq 在 正在 in the process of
thaix 太 太 very
thaothaux 透透 透徹 thoroughly
tQ 就 ? yet; though; then
tvaf hai`aq 今害矣 ? too bad
twtwafhQr 抵抵好 剛剛好 just right

Prepositions

MTL THJ MSM ENG
ciaux 照 照 fellow
ciofng 將 將 going to ; about to
ho 予 給/乎 to; by
ka 共 給/跟 with; to
kab 和 with; and
kaux 到/夠 到/夠 to; enough
kuozai 據在 隨便 indiscreetly; at one’s convenience
pie 比 比 compare
suizai 隨在 任憑/任由 at one’s convenience; no matter; regardless
ti 佇 在 at; in
tiaxm 站/在 at; in
ti teq 正在 in the process of
tngf 當 當 when; at that moment
tuix 對 對 right; correct
tuy 從 from
uixtiQh 為著 為了 for the sake of

Suffix particles indicating mood

  1. `aq...an enclitics at the end of sentence to mark the completion of action
  2. `ax...an enclitic at the end of sentence to mark the completion of action
  3. `bQe...did… or not
  4. `bQo...yes or not
  5. `hvoq...an enclitics at the end of sentence to indicate emphasize on interrogative mood
  6. `jiblaai...come in here
  7. `jibkhix...get in there
  8. jip`laai...come in
  9. jip`khix...to go in
  10. khix`aq...enclitics affixes to verbs to express completion of action
  11. `khylaai...get up to here
  12. `khykhix...get up to there
  13. `khylix...get up
  14. khvoarmai...just try it to see
  15. laq...an enclitics at the end of sentence to indicate recognition; affirmative; impatience; completion; request
  16. leq...an enclitics at the end of sentence to indicate command; emphasize on interrogative mood
  17. lQq...an enclitics at the end of sentence to indicate completion; exclamation; or emphasize
  18. `lQqkhix...downward to there
  19. `lQqlaai...downward to here
  20. oq...an enclitics at the end of sentence to indicate caution; exclamation;
  21. Qexsae`tid...okay; can be; may
  22. tiQh...affix to many verbs expressing accomplishment or taking effect

Verbs

MTL THJ MSM ENG
aix 愛 喜歡/想要/愛 love; like
ao 拗 折/扭曲 break and snap
barn 挽 拔 pluck
biq ? 匿/逃避/躲 hide
bQviar 無影 無影 no such thing; groundless; unsubstantiated
chi 飼 飼 raise; feed
chiaau ? 移/調整 to adjust; to move
chiQf ? 好色 be horny
chitthQo ? 玩耍 play; have fun
chviaa 晟 成/栽培 to raise kids
chviar 請 請 to request; to ask; to invite
chviax 倩 聘僱/僱用 hire
chviux 唱 唱 to sing
ciah 食 吃 to eat
ciaokhykafng 照起工 按部就班 keep to the working routine
cym 唚 吻 to kiss
giaa 夯 抬 carry heavy thing over the shoulder
giexn ? 癮/渴望 to crave; addict
giin ? 睨/凝 stare
hahhi 哈唏 喝噓/打哈欠 yawn
hao 吼 哭/叫 roar; howl
haxmbiin 陷眠 做夢 talk in one's sleep; dreaming
hiaam 嫌 嫌 to detest; to dislike
hiin 眩 眩/暈 dizzy
hipsiong 翕相 照相 take a picture
hiQq 歇 休息 rest
hiw 咻 喊 scream; shout
hoaq 喝 喊 shout
i ? 玩 play
jiarng 嚷 嚷 shout
jiog ? 追 to chase; to follow
kaam 含 含/唅 hold in the mouth
kah'ix 佮意 中意 feel satisfied; take delight
kaxn 幹 姦 intercourse
kerng 揀 揀 choose; select
khausQea khaw+洗 刨說 give sarcastic; ironical caustic comments
khaw ? 諷刺/刮/刨 speak ironically
khia 徛 豎/站 stand
khoarn 款 整理行李 pack; prepare for travel
khuxn 睏 睡 sleep
khvoax 看 看 to see
kiernsiaux 見笑 丟人 feel ashamed; embarrassed
kiQrsi 叫是 以為 assume; presume
korng 講 講 to say; to speak
koxng 摃 打/摃 hit
kQeasyn 過身 過世 pass away; die
kviaa 行 行走 walk
kvoa ? 攜 carry by a handle
kvoaa`tiQh 寒著 著涼 catch cold
laosae 落屎 拉肚子/瀉肚子 have loose bowel
larm 攬 攬 embrace
liah 掠 掠/捕 catch; grasp
liam 唸 唸 to read; to recite
liaqzurn 掠準 以為 presume
liaxm 捻 捻 to drive; to expel
lym 啉 喝/飲 to drink
ngx 向 向 face
oar 倚 倚 recline; lean on
QlQr 呵咾 讚美 praise
parngsag 放皀 放棄 give up; abandon
phag 覆/仆 覆/仆 lying face down
phahkhachviux 拍KC 打腳唱/打噴嚏 sneeze
phahphvae`khix 拍歹去 打歹去 ruin; spoil; make a mess of something
phak jidthaau 曝日頭 晒太陽 be exposed to sunshine; sunbath
pharngkvix 丟掉/不見 lose; misplace
phoarpvi 破病 生病 get sick
phvi 鼻 聞/嗅 smell
phuix 呸 吐/翻臉/呸/唾 spit
po 哺 哺 chew
poah 跋 跋/跌 fall down
poaqkiao 賭博 gamble
puun 歕 吹 to blow
saf 抓 to grasp; to catch
siafphQef 寫批 寫信 to write a letter
siar 寫 寫 to write
siongpurn 傷本 高成本/花費大 cost too much; too expensive; costly
siuu 泅 泅 to swim
siuxkhix 受氣 生氣 get angry; get upset
soahsoaq`khix 煞煞去 算了 stop or discontinue with intention; call it off
sQeaji 細膩 小心 be careful; concerned; deliberate; watchful
sQf 搔/搓 搔/搓 stroke; rub; pet
sQo 趖 爬行 wonder around
suq 吸 suck
tafm 嚐 lick; taste
thef 撐 靠/躺 recline; lean on
theh 提/拿 to lift
thviaf 聽 聽 to listen
tiQo 跳 跳 jump
tngr`khix 轉去 回去 go home; go back
tong 洞 洞 poke; hole
tQr`leq 倒哩! 倒哩! lying down
tuhkw 盹龜 打瞌睡 doze
zaiviar 知影 知道 be aware of
zao 走 跑/逃 to run; to leave
zefng 舂 舂 hit
zhamsioong 參詳 商量 discuss; confer
zhoa 娶/導 迎娶 lead; guide; accompany; escort; show the way
zhoafnkhuix 喘氣 呼吸 breathe
zhoaq 顫 to shake; to tremble; to shiver
zhoarnsviu 串想 幻想 fantasy
zhorngsviar 創啥 創甚 do what
zhoxng 創 創 to do; to create; to establish
zhw 趨 趄 slide
zhwn 剩 剩 more than enough
zng 吮 饌 lick
zuxn 顫 抖 shiver

Adjectives

  1. bae...ugly; mean
  2. bQ'eeng...busy
  3. bQzhae...too bad; regrettable
  4. chirnzhae...one or other; either way
  5. chiuchixn...pleasantly cool
  6. chvihun...strange; unfamiliar
  7. cidkoar...some; a little; a few
  8. cidsi'ar...a little bit
  9. cidsut'ar...a little bit
  10. ciQr...few
  11. eng'eeng...not busy
  12. gaau...clever; good at …; wise
  13. gong...stupid; silly
  14. hamban...incompetent; clumsy; unskillful
  15. hiaau...lascivious; lewd
  16. hiafm...hot; spicy
  17. hQfgiah...rich
  18. hQfkhafng...lucky; blessed
  19. hQfsex...settled; finished
  20. huiekhix...troublesome; difficult
  21. hvoahie...glad ; happy
  22. ientaau...handsome
  23. jixncyn...serious
  24. keksae...snobbish; snooty;
  25. khiao...clever; intelligent
  26. khiarngkhaf...shrewd; ambitious
  27. khoaelok...happy
  28. khofng...frantic; wild; maniac
  29. khor...bitter
  30. khunkhiam...hard-working and thrifty; diligent and frugal
  31. kiaam...salty
  32. kirn...fast
  33. kofix...gentle; mild; well-behaved
  34. kofzuy...cute
  35. koarnsix...used to; accustomed to
  36. kutlat...hard-working
  37. kvialaang...dirty; filthy; soiled
  38. lau...old
  39. lahsab...dirty; filthy
  40. lixpien...convenient
  41. og...bad; evil
  42. phahpviax...work very hard; exerting the utmost strength
  43. phvae...bad; evil
  44. phvaysex...embarrassed; shy; coy
  45. pintvoa...lazy
  46. sarnchiaq...poor; poverty
  47. segsai...familiar; reminiscent
  48. siab...rough; a slightly bitter taste that numbs the tongue
  49. siaolieen...young
  50. sien...tired; sick of
  51. simseg...interesting
  52. siok...cheap; not expensive
  53. siQfkhoar...some; a little; a few
  54. sngf...sour
  55. soong...hick; clownish; bucolic; stupid
  56. sQex...small; little
  57. suie...beautiful
  58. tarngsngf...stingy
  59. taxmpQqar...some; a little bit
  60. thiarm...tired
  61. thihkhie...stubborn
  62. thQfzex...prodigal; in expenditure
  63. tiaau...tight
  64. tiautit...honest and straight-forward
  65. toa...big
  66. tvy...sweet
  67. voax...late
  68. zar...early
  69. zhengkhix...clean
  70. zQe...plenty; many

Nouns - blood relation and relations by marriage

  1. acie...older sister
  2. acirm...the wife of one's father's younger brother
  3. afng...husband
  4. ahviaf...older brother
  5. akim...wife of maternal uncle
  6. akofng...grandfather
  7. aku...mother's brother
  8. amar...grandmother
  9. amr...the wife of one's father's older brother
  10. apeq...father's older brother
  11. azeg...father's younger brother
  12. bor...wife
  13. gyn'ar...kids
  14. hauxsvy...son
  15. khanchiuo...wife
  16. kviafsaix...son-in-law
  17. kviar...child; son
  18. mamaf...mother
  19. papaf...father
  20. Siensvy...Mr.; Sir
  21. simpu...daughter-in-law
  22. siQfmoe...younger sister
  23. siQfti...younger brother
  24. sixtoa...the senior; elder
  25. sun'ar...grandchildren
  26. takef...husband's mother
  27. takvoaf...husband's father
  28. tangmngg`ee...the men whose wives are sisters
  29. tangsai...the women whose husbands are brothers
  30. Thaethaix...Mrs.
  31. tviuxlaang...wife's father
  32. tviuxmr...wife's mother
  33. zabor-kviar...daughter
  34. zapof-kviar...son

Nouns describing body

  1. axmkurn...neck
  2. bagbaai...eye brow
  3. bagciw...eye
  4. chiuo...hands
  5. chiwkhiaw...elbow
  6. exhaai...lower jaw
  7. hengkharm...chest; thorax
  8. hvi...ears
  9. hvixkhafng...ear hole/ear
  10. hvixzw...ear lobe
  11. kengkahthaau...shoulder
  12. khachiuo...foot and hands
  13. khaf...legs
  14. khazhngf...buttocks
  15. na'aau...throat
  16. paktor...stomach
  17. phvi (phvi'ar)...nose
  18. sengkhw...trunk; body
  19. thaukhag...head
  20. thaumngg...hair
  21. thauzafng...hair
  22. toxzaai...belly button
  23. zhuie'extao...lower jaw
  24. zhuiekhie...teeth
  25. zhuietuun...lips
  26. zhuix...mouth

Nouns - general use

  1. kankhor...hardship
  2. loxiong...use
  3. miqkvia...thing
  4. paxnsex...condition; situation
  5. sapbuun...soap
  6. senglie...business
  7. sihnax...lightning
  8. sofzai...place; location
  9. taixcix...thing
  10. zhuopvy...neighbor

Nouns - Time

  1. armsii...at night; night time
  2. armthau'ar...evening
  3. au`jit...the day after tomorrow
  4. auxjit...some other day in the future
  5. bQmii-bQjit...day in day out
  6. cidtiafm'afkuo...only a little bit long
  7. cidtiap'afkuo...in a moment
  8. cirnzeeng...not long ago
  9. citmar...right now
  10. citzun...right now
  11. ehngf...tonight
  12. eng'axm...tonight
  13. etaux...this afternoon
  14. expof...afternoon
  15. extaux...afternoon
  16. hiexntai...modern
  17. hiQhjoah...summer vacation
  18. hiQhkvoaa...winter vacation
  19. jit`sii...day time
  20. joaqthvy...summer
  21. khahtheng'ar...in a very short time
  22. kin'afjit...today
  23. kinnii...this year
  24. kofzar...long long ago
  25. kQeakhix...in the past
  26. kuxnii...last year
  27. kvoathvy...winter
  28. Lefpaix-jit...Sunday
  29. min'afzaix...tomorrow
  30. Paix-id...Monday
  31. Paix-ji...Tuesday
  32. Paix-svaf...Wednesday
  33. Paix-six...Thursday
  34. Paix-go...Friday
  35. Paix-lak...Saturday
  36. sincviaf...lunar new year
  37. tangthvy...winter
  38. thao'axm...all night; very late at night
  39. thaomii...all night
  40. thaozar...very early in the morning
  41. thaozar-thao'axm...day or night
  42. thautwar...not long ago
  43. thvikngf...dawn; at dawn
  44. tiongtaux...noon
  45. tviaxtvia...quite often
  46. twciaq...just now; just a moment ago
  47. za'axm...last night
  48. zafban...sooner or later
  49. zafkhie...morning
  50. zahngf...yesterday
  51. zhunthvy...spring
  52. zQjit...the day before yesterday
  53. zuun`nii...the year before last year

Chviar ZhamkhQr

SKBC

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