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'''''Taiguo Siong'iong 460 ji''''' (台語常用460字; ''460 Frequently-Used Taiwanese Words'') written in [[ | '''''Taiguo Siong'iong 460 ji''''' (台語常用460字; ''460 Frequently-Used Taiwanese Words'') written in [[Modern Literal Taiwanese]] with English definitions. Adapted from: 黃美雲 (2004) [https://learntaiwanese.org/english/misc/460ji.doc ''Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji''] [''460 Common Taiwanese Words'']. 台語文協會. | ||
== Personal pronouns == | == Personal pronouns == | ||
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! MTL || THJ || Hoaguo || Engguo | ! MTL || THJ || Hoaguo || Engguo | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|goar | | {{x|goar}} ||我||我||I; me | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|gurn | | {{x|gurn}} ||{{tj|阮}}||我們/我的||we; us; (not including listener) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|goarn | | {{x|goarn}} ||{{tj|阮}}||我/我們/我等/咱們||we; us; (not including listener) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|kaki | | {{x|kaki}} ||{{wt|家己}}||自己||self | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|larn | | {{x|larn}} ||{{tj|咱}}||我們/咱||we; us; (includes listener) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|lie | | {{x|lie}} ||{{wt|汝}}/{{tj|你}}/妳||你/妳/汝||you | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|lirn | | {{x|lirn}} ||{{tj|恁}}||你們/你的/你們的||you (plural/exclusive) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|tag'ee | | {{x|tag'ee}} ||{{wt|逐个}}||各個/每個||everybody | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[taixkef]] ({{x|tagkef}}) ||{{wt|大家}}||大家||everybody; all the people | | [[taixkef]] ({{x|tagkef}}) ||{{wt|大家}}||大家||everybody; all the people | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|y | | {{x|y}} ||{{wt|伊}}||他/她/祂||he; she; it; his; her | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|yn | | {{x|yn}} ||{{tj|𪜶}} ||他們/他的||they; them | ||
|} | |} | ||
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! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{x|cidee}} || cid个 ||一個||one | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{x|ciaf}}^ ||{{tj|遮}}||這裡||here | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{x|ciah'ee}} ({{x|ciaf`ee}}) ||{{tj|遮的}}||這些||these | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|ciahniq}}' ({{x|ciahni}}) ||{{tj|遮爾}} ||這麼||such; so | | {{x|ciahniq}}' ({{x|ciahni}}) ||{{tj|遮爾}} ||這麼||such; so | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{x|cit'ee}} || cit个 ||這個||this one | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{x|citkhoarn}} ||cit款 ||這種/這樣||this kind of | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{x|hef}}^ ||{{tj|彼}} ||那||that one | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{x|hiah'ee}} ({{x|hiaf`ee}}) ||{{tj|遐的}} ||那些||those | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{x|hiaf}}^ ||{{tj|遐}} ||那裡||there | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{x|hiahniq}}' ({{x|hiahni}}) ||{{tj|遐爾}} ||那麼||in that way | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{x|hit'ee}} ||{{ptj|彼个}} ||那個||that one | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{x|hitkhoarn}} ||{{ptj|彼款}} ||那款||that kind of | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{x|sviafkhoarn}} ||{{ptj|啥款}} ||怎麼樣||what kind | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{x|symmih'khoarn}} ||symmih款 ||什麼樣||what do you think | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{x|zef}}^ ||{{tj|這}}||這||this one | ||
|} | |} | ||
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| {{x|joaxtoa}} (goaxtoa) || {{ptj|偌大}} ||多大 ||how big | | {{x|joaxtoa}} (goaxtoa) || {{ptj|偌大}} ||多大 ||how big | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[joaxzøe]] ({{x|goaxzøe}}) ||{{tj|偌濟}} ||多少 ||how many; how much | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|kuyee}} ||幾个 ||幾個 ||how many | | {{x|kuyee}} ||幾个 ||{{wt|幾個}} ||how many | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|kuyjit}} ||幾日 ||幾日 ||how many days | | {{x|kuyjit}} ||幾日 ||幾日 ||how many days | ||
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| {{x|nar}} ||{{tj|哪}} ||怎 ||how; why; what | | {{x|nar}} ||{{tj|哪}} ||怎 ||how; why; what | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|nar | | {{x|nar øe}} ({{x|naføe}}) ||{{tj|哪會}} ||怎會 ||how come; how could this be possible | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | {{x|sviafhøex}} || {{ptj|啥貨|sviaf貨}} ||甚麼/什麼東西 ||what | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|sviaflaang}} ||{{tj|啥人}} ||哪個/孰/誰/誰人/誰個 ||who | | {{x|sviaflaang}} ||{{tj|啥人}} ||哪個/孰/誰/誰人/誰個 ||who | ||
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| {{x|uixhøo}} ||{{wt|為何}} ||因何/為什麼/為何 ||why; for what | | {{x|uixhøo}} ||{{wt|為何}} ||因何/為什麼/為何 ||why; for what | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x| | | {{x|ui-symmih}}^ ({{x|ui}} {{x|sviafmiq}})^ || {{ptj|為甚物|為sym物}} ||為什麼 ||why; for what. see ''[[si-afnzvoar]]'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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| {{x|ma}} ||{{tj|嘛}} ||也 / 亦 ||also; too | | {{x|ma}} ||{{tj|嘛}} ||也 / 亦 ||also; too | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|mxbiern}} | | {{x|mxbiern}} || {{ptj|毋免|mx免}} ||不免 / 不必 ||not necessary; unnecessary; not have to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|mxkøq}} ({{x|mxkuo}}) || {{ptj|毋過}} ||不過 / 然而 ||but | | {{x|mxkøq}} ({{x|mxkuo}}) || {{ptj|毋過}} ||不過 / 然而 ||but | ||
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| {{x|suxnsoax}} || {{ptj|順紲|順soax}} ||附帶 / 趁便 / 順便 ||conveniently | | {{x|suxnsoax}} || {{ptj|順紲|順soax}} ||附帶 / 趁便 / 順便 ||conveniently | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x| | | {{x|pwntøea}} ||{{wt|本底}} ||本來 / 原本 / 先前 ||at first; originally | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|taxnsi}} ||{{wt|但是}} ||但是 ||but | | {{x|taxnsi}} ||{{wt|但是}} ||但是 ||but | ||
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| {{x|borng}}||{{tj|罔}} ||姑且/將就||content oneself with; may as well | | {{x|borng}}||{{tj|罔}} ||姑且/將就||content oneself with; may as well | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x| | | {{x|bøe}} [[bøe (boe/be)|...]] ||{{tj|袂}} ||不會||be not able to; not willing to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x| | | {{x|bøeq}} [[bøeq|...]] ||{{tj|欲}} ||要/如果/快要||want; like | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x| | | {{x|bøexhiao}} [[bøexhiao|...]] || {{ptj|袂曉}} ||不會||don’t know | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x| | | {{x|bøexsae}} [[bøexsae|...]] || {{ptj|袂使}} ||不可以||it can not be; be not able to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x| | | {{x|bøextaxng}} [[bøextaxng|...]] || {{ptj|袂當}} ||未為/不能||it can not be; be not able to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x| | | {{x|øe}} [[øe (toxngsuu)|...]] ||{{tj|會}} ||會/能||be able and willing to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x| | | {{x|øexhiao}} [[øexhiao|...]]|| {{ptj|會曉}} ||能曉/會 ||know | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x| | | {{x|øexsae}} [[øexsae|...]] || {{ptj|會使}} ||能使/可以||it may | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x| | | {{x|øextaxng}} [[øextaxng|...]] ||{{ptj|會當}} ||能為/可以||be able to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x| | | {{x|øextitthafng}} ||{{ptj|會得通}} ||可以||it can be; be able to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|laai}}||{{wt|來}} ||來||let’s ; come | | {{x|laai}}||{{wt|來}} ||來||let’s ; come | ||
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| {{x|iao}} ||{{tj|猶}} ||還/尚 || still; yet | | {{x|iao}} ||{{tj|猶}} ||還/尚 || still; yet | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[iawbøe]] ||{{ptj|猶未}} ||尚未 ||not yet | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|juo}}...juo ||愈…愈 ({{wt|愈}}) ||愈…愈 ||the more…the more | | {{x|juo}}...juo ||愈…愈 ({{wt|愈}}) ||愈…愈 ||the more…the more | ||
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| {{x|tngf}}||{{wt|當}} ||當||when; at that moment | | {{x|tngf}}||{{wt|當}} ||當||when; at that moment | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|tuix}}||{{wt|對}}||對|| | | {{x|tuix}}||{{wt|對}} || 對|| to, towards, with regard to, from. see also {{x|uix}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|tuy}} | | {{x|tuy}} || {{wt|追}} ||從|| to follow behind or catch up from behind; to chase after, woo, pursue | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|uixtiøh}} ||{{wt|為著}}||為了||for the sake of | | {{x|uixtiøh}} ||{{wt|為著}}||為了||for the sake of | ||
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| {{x|`aq}} / `ax||{{wt|矣}}||呀||an enclitic at the end of sentence to mark the completion of action | | {{x|`aq}} / `ax||{{wt|矣}}||呀||an enclitic at the end of sentence to mark the completion of action | ||
|- | |- | ||
| `[[boe]] | | `[[Bøe (boe/be)|bøe]] ||{{wt|未}}||未||did… or not | ||
|- | |- | ||
| `{{x|bøo}} ||{{tj|無}}||沒有||yes or not | | `{{x|bøo}} ||{{tj|無}}||沒有||yes or not | ||
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| `{{x|khylix}} ||`起去||||get up | | `{{x|khylix}} ||`起去||||get up | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x| | | {{x|øexsae`tid}} ||{{ptj|會使得}}||能使得/可以的||okay; can be; may | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|khvoarmai}} ||{{ptj|看覓|看mai}} ||看看||just try it to see | | {{x|khvoarmai}} ||{{ptj|看覓|看mai}} ||看看||just try it to see | ||
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| {{x|kerng}} ||{{wt|揀}}||揀||choose; select | | {{x|kerng}} ||{{wt|揀}}||揀||choose; select | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x| | | {{x|khausøea}} ||{{wt|剾洗}} ||諷刺/刨說||give sarcastic; ironical caustic comments | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|khaw}} ||{{wt|剾}} ||諷刺/刮/刨||speak ironically | | {{x|khaw}} ||{{wt|剾}} ||諷刺/刮/刨||speak ironically | ||
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| {{x|koxng}} ||{{tj|摃}} ||打/摃||hit | | {{x|koxng}} ||{{tj|摃}} ||打/摃||hit | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x| | | {{x|køeasyn}} ||{{wt|過身}}||過世||pass away; die | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[kviaa]] ||{{wt|行}} ||行走||walk | | [[kviaa]] ||{{wt|行}} ||行走||walk | ||
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| {{x|po}} ||{{tj|哺}}||哺||chew | | {{x|po}} ||{{tj|哺}}||哺||chew | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|poah}} ||{{tj|跋}} ||跌||fall down (see {{ | | {{x|poah}} ||{{tj|跋}} ||跌||fall down (see {{x|poah cidtør}}) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|poaqkiao}} ||{{ptj|跋筊}} ||賭博||gamble | | {{x|poaqkiao}} ||{{ptj|跋筊}} ||賭博||gamble | ||
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| {{x|saf}} ||{{wt|捎}} ||抓||to grasp; to catch | | {{x|saf}} ||{{wt|捎}} ||抓||to grasp; to catch | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x| | | {{x|siafphøef}} ||{{wt|寫批}}||寫信||to write a letter | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|siar}} ||{{wt|寫}}||寫||to write | | {{x|siar}} ||{{wt|寫}}||寫||to write | ||
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| {{x|soahsoaq`khix}} ||{{wt|煞煞去}}||算了||to stop or discontinue with intention; call it off | | {{x|soahsoaq`khix}} ||{{wt|煞煞去}}||算了||to stop or discontinue with intention; call it off | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | {{x|søeaji}}||{{wt|細膩}} ||小心||be careful; concerned; deliberate; watchful | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|søf}} ||{{wt|挲}} ||搔/搓||stroke; rub; pet | | {{x|søf}} ||{{wt|挲}} ||搔/搓||stroke; rub; pet | ||
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| {{x|chiuchixn}} ||{{wt|秋凊}}||涼快||pleasantly cool | | {{x|chiuchixn}} ||{{wt|秋凊}}||涼快||pleasantly cool | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|chvihun}} ({{x| | | {{x|chvihun}} ({{x|svihun}}) ||{{wt|生份}}||陌生/生疏||strange; unfamiliar | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|cidkoar}} ({{x|cidkoafar}}) ||{{ptj|一寡}}||少許/一些||some; a little; a few | | {{x|cidkoar}} ({{x|cidkoafar}}) ||{{ptj|一寡}}||少許/一些||some; a little; a few | ||
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| {{x|soong}} ||{{tj|倯}} ||||hick; clownish; bucolic; stupid | | {{x|soong}} ||{{tj|倯}} ||||hick; clownish; bucolic; stupid | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x| | | {{x|søex}} ||{{wt|細}}||||small; little | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|suie}} ||{{tj|媠}} ||美||beautiful | | {{x|suie}} ||{{tj|媠}} ||美||beautiful | ||
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| {{x|thiarm}} || {{tj|忝}} || ||tired; weary | | {{x|thiarm}} || {{tj|忝}} || ||tired; weary | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|thihkhie}} ||{{wt|鐵齒}}||||stubborn | | {{x|thihkhie}} ||{{wt|鐵齒}}||||stubborn ({{x|thihkhie-tanggezøo}}) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|thøfzex}} ||{{wt|討債}}||||prodigal; in expenditure | | {{x|thøfzex}} ||{{wt|討債}}||||prodigal; in expenditure | ||
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| {{x|zhengkhix}} ||{{wt|清氣}}||||clean | | {{x|zhengkhix}} ||{{wt|清氣}}||||clean | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x| | | {{x|zøe}} ||{{tj|濟}}||多||plenty; many | ||
|} | |} | ||
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| {{x|tviuxmr}} ||{{wt|丈姆}}|| || wife’s mother | | {{x|tviuxmr}} ||{{wt|丈姆}}|| || wife’s mother | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x| | | {{x|zabor-kviar}} || 查某囝 || || [[zabof'kviar|daughter]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x| | | {{x|zapof-kviar}} || 查埔囝 || || [[zapof-kviar|son]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
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| [[armsii]]||{{wt|暗時}} ||||at night; night time | | [[armsii]]||{{wt|暗時}} ||||at night; night time | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x| | | {{x|armthau'ar}} ||{{ptj|暗頭仔}}||||evening | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|au`jit}} ||{{wt|後日}}||||the day after tomorrow | | {{x|au`jit}} ||{{wt|後日}}||||the day after tomorrow | ||
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| [[citzun]]||{{tj|這陣}}||這時||right now | | [[citzun]]||{{tj|這陣}}||這時||right now | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x| | | {{x|e'hngf}}||{{ptj|下昏}} ||今昏||tonight | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[e'axm]]|| {{ptj|下昏暗}} ||今暗/今晚||tonight | | [[e'axm]]|| {{ptj|下昏暗}} ||今暗/今晚||tonight | ||
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| {{x|kinnii}} ||{{wt|今年}}||||this year | | {{x|kinnii}} ||{{wt|今年}}||||this year | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[køeakhix]] ||{{wt|過去}}||||in the past | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|kofzar}} ||{{wt|古早}}||||long long ago | | {{x|kofzar}} ||{{wt|古早}}||||long long ago | ||
Line 970: | Line 970: | ||
| [[kvoathvy]]||{{wt|寒天}}||||winter | | [[kvoathvy]]||{{wt|寒天}}||||winter | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Lefpaix-jit]]||{{wt|禮拜日}}||||Sunday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Pae'id]]||{{wt|拜一}}||禮拜一||Monday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Pae'ji]]||{{wt|拜二}}||禮拜二||Tuesday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Pae'svaf]]||{{wt|拜三}}||禮拜三||Wednesday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Pae'six]]||{{wt|拜四}}||禮拜四||Thursday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Pae'go]]||{{wt|拜五}}||禮拜五||Friday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Pae'lak]]||{{wt|拜六}}||禮拜六||Saturday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[sincviaf]]||{{wt|新正}}|||| | | [[sincviaf]]||{{wt|新正}}|||| Lunar New Year | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[tangthvy]]||{{wt|冬天}}||||winter | | [[tangthvy]]||{{wt|冬天}}||||winter | ||
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| {{x|thao'axm}}||{{wt|透暗}}||||all night; very late at night | | {{x|thao'axm}}||{{wt|透暗}}||||all night; very late at night | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|thaomee}}||{{wt|透暝}}||||all night | | {{x|thaomee}}/{{x|thaomii}} ||{{wt|透暝}}||||all night | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|thaozar}} ||{{wt|透早}}||||very early in the morning | | {{x|thaozar}} ||{{wt|透早}}||||very early in the morning | ||
Line 998: | Line 998: | ||
| [[thautwar]]||{{ptj|頭拄仔}}||||not long ago | | [[thautwar]]||{{ptj|頭拄仔}}||||not long ago | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[thvy-kngf]]||{{wt|天光}}||||dawn; at dawn | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[tiongtaux]]||{{wt|中晝}} ||||noon | | [[tiongtaux]]||{{wt|中晝}} ||||noon | ||
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| [[zafkhie]]||{{wt|早起}}||||morning | | [[zafkhie]]||{{wt|早起}}||||morning | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x| | | {{x|za'hngf}}/[[zaqhngf]] ||{{wt|昨昏}} ||昨天||yesterday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[zhunthvy]]||{{wt|春天}}||春天||spring | | [[zhunthvy]]||{{wt|春天}}||春天||spring | ||
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* ''[[Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan]]'' | * ''[[Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan]]'' | ||
== | == Siongkoafn == | ||
* [[Swadesh List]] | * [[Swadesh List]] | ||
* [[My First 100 Words in Taiwanese]] | * [[My First 100 Words in Taiwanese]] |
edits