Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji: Difference between revisions

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'''{{tts2|Taiguo Siong'iong 460 ji|Taiguo Siong'iong siepaq lagzap ji}}''' (台語常用460字; 460 Common Taiwanese Words) written in [[MTL]] with [[Engguo|English]] definition. Source: [http://learntaiwanese.org/english/misc/460ji.htm Taiguo Siong’iong 460-ji] (台語文協會/2004年黃美雲整理) Note: the Taiwanese [[Harnji]] shown are not necessarily standard.
'''''Taiguo Siong'iong 460 ji''''' (台語常用460字; ''460 Frequently-Used Taiwanese Words'') written in [[Modern Literal Taiwanese]] with English definitions. Adapted from: 黃美雲 (2004) [https://learntaiwanese.org/english/misc/460ji.doc ''Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji''] [''460 Common Taiwanese Words'']. 台語文協會.  


== Personal pronouns ==
== Personal pronouns ==
Main article: [[Personal pronouns]]
Main article: [[Personal pronouns]]


[http://taigie.taioaan.org/english/audio/460A.mp3 Listen]
[[File:460A.mp3]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || Hoaguo || Engguo
! MTL || THJ || Hoaguo || Engguo
|-
|-
| goar||我||我||I; me
| {{x|goar}} ||我||我||I; me
|-
|-
| gurn||{{tj|阮}}||我們/我的||we; us; (not including listener)
| {{x|gurn}} ||{{tj|阮}}||我們/我的||we; us; (not including listener)
|-
|-
| goarn||{{tj|阮}}||我/我們/我等/咱們||we; us; (not including listener)
| {{x|goarn}} ||{{tj|阮}}||我/我們/我等/咱們||we; us; (not including listener)
|-
|-
| [[kaki]]||家己||自己||self
| {{x|kaki}} ||{{wt|家己}}||自己||self
|-
|-
| larn||{{tj|咱}}||我們/咱||we; us; (includes listener)
| {{x|larn}} ||{{tj|咱}}||我們/咱||we; us; (includes listener)
|-
|-
| lie||{{tj|你}}/妳||你/妳/汝||you
| {{x|lie}} ||{{wt|汝}}/{{tj|你}}/妳||你/妳/汝||you
|-
|-
| lirn||{{tj|恁}}||你們/你的/你們的||you (plural/exclusive)
| {{x|lirn}} ||{{tj|恁}}||你們/你的/你們的||you (plural/exclusive)
|-
|-
| tag'ee||逐個||各個/每個||everybody
| {{x|tag'ee}} ||{{wt|逐个}}||各個/每個||everybody
|-
|-
| [[taixkef]]||大家||大家||everybody; all the people
| [[taixkef]] ({{x|tagkef}}) ||{{wt|大家}}||大家||everybody; all the people
|-
|-
| y||伊||他/她/祂||he; she; it; his; her
| {{x|y}} ||{{wt|伊}}||他/她/祂||he; she; it; his; her
|-
|-
| yn||{{tj|}} ||他們/他的||they; them
| {{x|yn}} ||{{tj|𪜶}} ||他們/他的||they; them
|}
|}


== Demonstrative pronouns ==
== Demonstrative pronouns ==
[http://taigie.taioaan.org/english/audio/460B.mp3 Listen]
[[File:460B.mp3]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
|-
| cidee|| cid个 ||一個||one
| {{x|cidee}} || cid个 ||一個||one
|-
|-
| ciaf^||{{tj|遮}}||這裡||here
| {{x|ciaf}}^ ||{{tj|遮}}||這裡||here
|-
|-
| ciah'ee/ciafee||{{tj|遮的}}||這些||these
| {{x|ciah'ee}} ({{x|ciaf`ee}})  ||{{tj|遮的}}||這些||these
|-
|-
| ciahniq'||{{tj|遮爾}} ||這麼||such; so
| {{x|ciahniq}}' ({{x|ciahni}}) ||{{tj|遮爾}} ||這麼||such; so
|-
|-
| cit'ee|| cit个 ||這個||this one
| {{x|cit'ee}} || cit个 ||這個||this one
|-
|-
| citkhoarn||cit款 ||這種/這樣||this kind of
| {{x|citkhoarn}} ||cit款 ||這種/這樣||this kind of
|-
|-
| hef^||{{tj|彼}} ||那||that one
| {{x|hef}}^ ||{{tj|彼}} ||那||that one
|-
|-
| hiah'ee/hiaf`ee||{{tj|遐的}} ||那些||those
| {{x|hiah'ee}} ({{x|hiaf`ee}}) ||{{tj|遐的}} ||那些||those
|-
|-
| hiaf^||{{tj|遐}} ||那裡||there
| {{x|hiaf}}^ ||{{tj|遐}} ||那裡||there
|-
|-
| hiahniq'/hiahni||{{tj|遐爾}} ||那麼||in that way
| {{x|hiahniq}}' ({{x|hiahni}}) ||{{tj|遐爾}} ||那麼||in that way
|-
|-
| hit'ee||hit个/{{ptj|彼个}} ||那個||that one
| {{x|hit'ee}} ||{{ptj|彼个}} ||那個||that one
|-
|-
| hitkhoarn||hit款 ||那款||that kind of
| {{x|hitkhoarn}} ||{{ptj|彼款}} ||那款||that kind of
|-
|-
| sviafkhoarn||sviaf款 ||怎麼樣||what kind
| {{x|sviafkhoarn}} ||{{ptj|啥款}} ||怎麼樣||what kind
|-
|-
| symmih'khoarn||symmih款 ||什麼樣||what do you think
| {{x|symmih'khoarn}} ||symmih款 ||什麼樣||what do you think
|-
|-
| zef^||{{tj|這}}||這||this one
| {{x|zef}}^ ||{{tj|這}}||這||this one
|}
|}


[[Tone sandhi]] exceptions:  
[[Tone sandhi]] exceptions:  
*^: these words never change tone.
* ^: words that never change tone.
*': words ending with [[vertical typewriter apostrophe|apostrophe]], which will be directly followed by another word with no space.
* ': words ending with apostrophe, which will be directly followed by another word with no space.


== Interrogative pronouns ==
== Interrogative pronouns ==
[http://taigie.taioaan.org/english/audio/460C.mp3 Listen]
[[File:460C.mp3]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
|-
| joaxkuo||joax久/{{ptj|偌久}} ||多久||how long
| {{x|joaxkuo}} || {{ptj|偌久}} ||多久 ||how long
|-
|-
| joaxtoa||joax大/{{ptj|偌大}}||多大||how big
| {{x|joaxtoa}} (goaxtoa) || {{ptj|偌大}} ||多大 ||how big
|-
|-
| joaxzøe||{{tj|偌濟}}||多少||how many; how much
| [[joaxzøe]] ({{x|goaxzøe}}) ||{{tj|偌濟}} ||多少 ||how many; how much
|-
|-
| kuyee||幾个||幾個||how many
| {{x|kuyee}} ||幾个 ||{{wt|幾個}} ||how many
|-
|-
| kuyjit||幾日||幾日||how many days
| {{x|kuyjit}} ||幾日 ||幾日 ||how many days
|-
|-
| kuykafng||{{bt|幾工}}||幾天||how many days
| {{x|kuykafng}} ||{{wt|幾工}} ||幾天 ||how many days
|-
|-
| kuytiarm||幾點||幾點||what time it is
| {{x|kuytiarm}} ||幾點 ||幾點 ||what time it is
|-
|-
| nar||{{tj|那}}||怎||how; why; what
| {{x|nar}} ||{{tj|哪}} ||怎 ||how; why; what
|-
|-
| nar øe||{{tj|那會}} ||怎會||how come; how could this be possible
| {{x|nar øe}} ({{x|naføe}}) ||{{tj|哪會}} ||怎會 ||how come; how could this be possible
|-
|-
| sviafhøex||sviaf貨/{{ptj|啥貨}} ||甚麼/什麼東西||what
| {{x|sviafhøex}} || {{ptj|啥貨|sviaf貨}} ||甚麼/什麼東西 ||what
|-
|-
| sviaflaang||{{tj|啥人}} ||哪個/孰/誰/誰人/誰個||who
| {{x|sviaflaang}} ||{{tj|啥人}} ||哪個/孰/誰/誰人/誰個 ||who
|-
|-
| sviar||{{tj|啥}} ||甚||what
| {{x|sviar}} ||{{tj|啥}} ||甚 ||what
|-
|-
| [[symmih]]^/sviafmih||sym物/{{ptj|啥物}} ||什麼||what
| [[symmih]]^ ({{x|sviafmiq}}, {{x|sviafmih}}) || {{ptj|啥物|sym物}} ||什麼 ||what
|-
|-
| symmih'laang||sym物laang ||什麼人||who
| {{x|symmih'laang}} ({{x|sviaflaang}}) ||sym物laang ||什麼人 ||who
|-
|-
| tafcidee/tøfcidee ||tøfcid个/{{ptj|佗一个}}/哪一个 ||哪一個||which one
| {{x|tafcidee}} ({{x|tøfcidee}}) || {{ptj|佗一个|tøfcid个}} ||哪一個 ||which one
|-
|-
| tafcidhang||tafcid項 ||哪一項||which item
| {{x|tafcidhang}} ({{x|tøfcidhang}}) ||tøfcid項 ||哪一項 ||which item
|-
|-
| tafcidui||tafcid位 ||哪一位||which one
| {{x|tafcidui}} ({{x|tøfcidui}}) ||tøfcid位 ||哪一位 ||which one
|-
|-
| tangsii||{{bt|當時}}||何時||when
| {{x|tangsii}} ||{{wt|當時}} ||何時 ||when
|-
|-
| tafui/[[tøfui]]||tøf位/{{ptj|佗位}} ||那裡||where
| [[tafui]] ({{x|tøfui}}) || {{ptj|佗位|tøf位}} ||那裡 ||where
|-
|-
| uixhøo||{{wt|為何}}||因何/為什麼/為何||why; for what
| {{x|uixhøo}} ||{{wt|為何}} ||因何/為什麼/為何 ||why; for what
|-
|-
| uixsymmih^/ui symmih^||為sym物/{{ptj|為甚物}}||為什麼||why; for what
| {{x|ui-symmih}}^ ({{x|ui}} {{x|sviafmiq}})^ || {{ptj|為甚物|為sym物}} ||為什麼 ||why; for what. see ''[[si-afnzvoar]]''
|}
|}


== Conjunctions ==
== Conjunctions ==
{{tts2|Listen|afnny,afnzvoar,ar,chinchviu,citmar,hafntid,hQfkazaix,iar,in'ui/sofie,kab,kiafmzhae,kaxngkhoarn,koputciofng,lofngzorng,ma,mxbiern,mxkuo,mxna,na,suxnsoax,pwntQea,taxnsi,tiaukafng,tiaukorix,tvaf,twciaq}}
[[File:460_Conjunctions.mp3]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
|-
| afnny/afnnef||{{tj|按呢}}||這樣子/如此||well…then
| {{x|afnnef}}/{{x|afnny}}  ||{{tj|按呢}} ||這樣子 / 如此 ||well…then
|-
|-
| afnzvoar||afn怎/{{ptj|按怎}}||何以/怎的/怎麼||how
| {{x|afnzvoar}}  || {{ptj|按怎}} ||何以 / 怎的 / 怎麼 ||how
|-
|-
| ar/iao||{{tj|猶}} ||而||but; still (synonym [[iawkøq]])
| {{x|chinchviu}} ||{{wt|親像}} ||就像 ||as; such as; as if
|-
|-
| chinchviu||{{wt|親像}} ||就像||as; such as; as if
| {{x|citmar}} || {{ptj|這馬|cit馬}} / {{wt|即碼}} ||現在 ||at this moment
|-
|-
| citmar||cit馬/{{ptj|這馬}}/{{wt|即碼}}||現在||at this moment
| {{x|hafntid}} ({{x|harn`tid}}) ||{{wt|罕得}} ||少有 / 難得 ||rarely; seldom
|-
|-
| hafntid||{{bt|罕得}}||少有/難得||rarely; seldom
| {{x|høfkazaix}} [[høfkazaix|...]] || {{ptj|好佳哉|好佳zaix}} ||幸好 / 幸虧 ||fortunately
|-
|-
| [[høfkazaix]]||好佳zaix/{{ptj|好佳哉}} ||幸好/幸虧||fortunately
| {{x|iah}}  ||{{wt|抑}} ||或 / 抑  ||or
|-
|-
| iar||{{bt|抑}} ||或/抑 ||or
| {{x|iao}} ||{{tj|猶}} ||而 ||but; still (synonym [[iawkøq]])
|-
|-
| in'ui/sofie||{{wt|因為}}…{{wt|所以}}||||because…therefore
| {{x|in'ui}}...{{x|sofie}} ||{{wt|因為}}…{{wt|所以}} || ||because…therefore
|-
|-
| kab||{{bt|佮}}||和||and; with
| {{x|kab}} ||{{wt|佮}} ||和 ||and; with
|-
|-
| kiafmzhae||{{bt|檢采}}/減采||假使||perhaps
| {{x|kiafmzhae}} ||{{wt|檢采}} / 減采 ||{{wt|假使}} ||perhaps
|-
|-
| kaxngkhoarn||kaxng款/{{ptj|仝款}}/共款 ||一樣/同樣/相同/相像||same ; similar
| {{x|kaxngkhoarn}} || {{ptj|仝款|kaxng款}} / 共款 ||一樣 / 同樣 / 相同 / 相像 ||same ; similar
|-
|-
| koputciofng/koputjiciofng||姑不將/{{bt|姑不而將}} ||不得已/無奈何||be obliged; have no choice but to; reluctant
| {{x|koputjiciofng}} ({{x|koputciofng}}) || {{wt|姑不而將}} / {{wt|姑不將}} ||不得已 / 無奈何 ||be obliged; have no choice but to; reluctant
|-
|-
| lofngzorng||{{wt|攏總}}||一共/一總/打總兒/全部||all; collectively
| {{x|lofngzorng}} ||{{wt|攏總}} ||一共 / 一總 / 打總兒 / 全部 ||all; collectively
|-
|-
| ma||{{tj|嘛}}||也/亦||also; too
| {{x|ma}} ||{{tj|嘛}} ||也 / 亦 ||also; too
|-
|-
| [[mxbiern]]||mx免/{{ptj|毋免}}||不免/不必||not necessary; unnecessary; not have to
| {{x|mxbiern}} || {{ptj|毋免|mx免}} ||不免 / 不必 ||not necessary; unnecessary; not have to
|-
|-
| mxkuo/mxkøq||mx過/{{ptj|毋過}} ||不過/然而||but
| {{x|mxkøq}} ({{x|mxkuo}}) || {{ptj|毋過}} ||不過 / 然而 ||but
|-
|-
| mxna||mx但/{{ptj|毋但}} ||不只/不光/不但||not only…
| {{x|mxna}} || {{ptj|毋但}} ||不只 / 不光 / 不但 ||not only…
|-
|-
| na||{{wt|若}}||若/如果||if
| {{x|na}} ||{{wt|若}} ||若 / 如果 ||if
|-
|-
| suxnsoax||順soax/{{ptj|順紲}}||附帶/趁便/順便||conveniently
| {{x|suxnsoax}} || {{ptj|順紲|順soax}} ||附帶 / 趁便 / 順便 ||conveniently
|-
|-
| pwntøea||{{bt|本底}}||本來/原本/先前||at first; originally
| {{x|pwntøea}} ||{{wt|本底}} ||本來 / 原本 / 先前 ||at first; originally
|-
|-
| taxnsi||{{wt|但是}}||但是||but
| {{x|taxnsi}} ||{{wt|但是}} ||但是 ||but
|-
|-
| tiaukafng/thiaukafng||{{bt|刁工}}/thiau工 ||特意||on purpose
| {{x|thiaukafng}} ||{{wt|刁工}} / thiau工 ||特意 ||on purpose
|-
|-
| tiaukorix/thiaukorix||{{bt|刁故意}}/thiau故意 ||存心/成心/刻意/故意||on purpose
| {{x|tiaukorix}} ({{x|thiaukorix}}) ||{{wt|刁故意}} ||存心 / 成心 / 刻意 / 故意 ||on purpose
|-
|-
| tvaf||{{tj|今}}||現在/如今||now
| {{x|tvaf}} ||{{tj|今}} ||現在 / 如今 ||now
|-
|-
| twciaq||拄ciaq/{{ptj|拄才}} ||適即/剛剛||moment ago
| {{x|twciaq}} || {{ptj|拄才|拄ciaq}} ||適即 / 剛剛 ||moment ago
|}
|}


== Auxiliary verbs ==
== Auxiliary verbs ==
{{tts2|Listen|aix,borng,bøe,bøeq,bøexhiao,bøexsae,bøextaxng,laai,m,maix,mxthafng,øe,øexhiao,øexsae,øextaxng,øextitthafng,phvae,thafng,tiøqaix}}
[[File:Auxiliary verbs.mp3]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
|-
| [[aix]]||{{wt|愛}}||喜歡/想要/愛||want; like
| {{x|aix}} [[aix|...]] ||{{wt|愛}}||喜歡/想要/愛||want; like
|-
|-
| borng||{{tj|罔}} ||姑且/將就||content oneself with; may as well
| {{x|borng}}||{{tj|罔}} ||姑且/將就||content oneself with; may as well
|-
|-
| bøe||{{tj|袂}} ||不會||be not able to; not willing to
| {{x|bøe}} [[bøe (boe/be)|...]] ||{{tj|袂}} ||不會||be not able to; not willing to
|-
|-
| bøeq||{{tj|欲}} ||要/如果/快要||want; like
| {{x|bøeq}} [[bøeq|...]] ||{{tj|欲}} ||要/如果/快要||want; like
|-
|-
| bøexhiao||bøex曉/{{ptj|袂曉}} ||不會||don’t know
| {{x|bøexhiao}} [[bøexhiao|...]] || {{ptj|袂曉}} ||不會||don’t know
|-
|-
| bøexsae||bøex使/{{ptj|袂使}} ||不可以||it can not be; be not able to
| {{x|bøexsae}} [[bøexsae|...]] || {{ptj|袂使}} ||不可以||it can not be; be not able to
|-
|-
| bøextaxng||bøex當/{{ptj|袂當}} ||未為/不能||it can not be; be not able to
| {{x|bøextaxng}} [[bøextaxng|...]] || {{ptj|袂當}} ||未為/不能||it can not be; be not able to
|-
|-
| laai||{{wt|來}} ||來||let’s ; come
| {{x|øe}} [[øe (toxngsuu)|...]] ||{{tj|會}} ||會/能||be able and willing to
|-
|-
| m||{{tj|毋}} ||不||not
| {{x|øexhiao}} [[øexhiao|...]]|| {{ptj|會曉}} ||能曉/會  ||know
|-
|-
| [[maix]]||{{tj|莫}} ||勿/毋||do not
| {{x|øexsae}} [[øexsae|...]] || {{ptj|會使}} ||能使/可以||it may
|-
|-
| mxthafng||mx通/{{ptj|毋通}} ||不可||may not
| {{x|øextaxng}} [[øextaxng|...]] ||{{ptj|會當}} ||能為/可以||be able to
|-
|-
| [[øe]]||{{tj|會}} ||會/能||be able and willing to
| {{x|øextitthafng}} ||{{ptj|會得通}} ||可以||it can be; be able to
|-
|-
| øexhiao||øex曉/{{ptj|會曉}} ||能曉/會  ||know
| {{x|laai}}||{{wt|來}} ||來||let’s ; come
|-
|-
| øexsae||øex使/{{ptj|會使}} ||能使/可以||it may
| {{x|m}} ||{{tj|毋}} ||不||not
|-
|-
| øextaxng||øex當/{{ptj|會當}} ||能為/可以||be able to
| {{x|maix}} [[maix|...]] ||{{tj|莫}} ||勿/毋||do not
|-
|-
| øextitthafng||øex得通/{{ptj|會得通}} ||可以||it can be; be able to
| {{x|mxthafng}}||{{wt|毋通}} ||不可||may not
|-
|-
| phvae||{{tj|歹}} ||壞/惡/難||it’s bad to
| {{x|phvae}}||{{tj|歹}} ||壞/惡/難||it’s bad to
|-
|-
| thafng||{{wt|通}} ||通過/可以||may
| {{x|thafng}}||{{wt|通}} ||通過/可以||may
|-
|-
| tiøqaix||著愛||須||have to
| {{x|tiøqaix}}||著愛||須||have to
|}
|}
Note on ''øexhiao'', ''øexsae'', etc, while written with ''[[øe]]''-, they are pronounced with ''e'' basically everywhere except Taipag. However, the ''bøe''- series is more varied across the island.


== Adverbs (Huosuu) ==
== Adverbs (Huosuu) ==
See also: [[Huosuu]]
See also: [[Huosuu]]


{{tts2|Listen|bøo-tviutii,ciog,ciu,cyn,cviaa,iao,iawbøe,juo...juo,kaix,kaq,kantvaf,khaq,køhkhaq,køq,kuikhix,liampvy,lorng,luo...luo,niaxnia,siong,sioxngkaix,suii,svakab,sviw,teq,thaix,thaothaux,tø,tvaf hai`aq,twtwafhør}}
[[File:460_Huosuu.mp3]]


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
|-
| bøo-tviutii||bø張持/{{ptj|無張持}}||沒注意/不小心||unexpectedly
| {{x|bøo-tviutii}} ||{{ptj|無張持}} ||沒注意/不小心 ||unexpectedly (see {{x|hutjieen}})
|-
|-
| ciog||{{wt|足}}||足/很||very; very much
| [[uxkaux|ciog]] ||{{wt|足}} ||足/很 ||very; very much
|-
|-
| ciu||{{wt|就}} ||就||then
| {{x|ciu}} ||{{wt|就}} ||就 ||then
|-
|-
| cyn-||{{wt|真}} ||真||very
| {{x|cyn}}- ||{{wt|真}} ||真 ||very
|-
|-
| [[uxkaux|cviaa]]||{{wt|誠}} ||很||very much
| {{x|cviaa}} ||{{wt|誠}} ||很 ||very much
|-
|-
| iao||{{tj|猶}} ||還/尚|| still; yet
| {{x|iao}} ||{{tj|猶}} ||還/尚 || still; yet
|-
|-
| [[iawbøe]]||iaw未/{{ptj|猶未}} ||尚未||not yet
| [[iawbøe]] ||{{ptj|猶未}} ||尚未 ||not yet
|-
|-
| juo...juo||愈…愈 ({{wt|愈}})||愈…愈||the more…the more
| {{x|juo}}...juo ||愈…愈 ({{wt|愈}}) ||愈…愈 ||the more…the more
|-
|-
| kaix||{{wt|界}}||最||very
| {{x|kaix}} ||{{wt|蓋}} ||最 ||very (see [[uxkaux]])
|-
|-
| kaq||{{bt|佮}} ||與||to
| {{x|kaq}} ||{{wt|佮}} ||與 ||to
|-
|-
| kantvaf||干tvaf/{{ptj|干焦}} ||只有||only; merely
| {{x|kannaf}} ({{x|kantvaf}}) || {{ptj|干焦|干tvaf}} ||只有 ||only; merely
|-
|-
| khaq||{{wt|較}}||比較/更/再||more
| {{x|khaq}} ||{{wt|較}} ||比較/更/再 ||more
|-
|-
| køhkhaq||køh較/{{ptj|閣較}}||更較/復較||even more
| {{x|køhkhaq}} ||{{ptj|閣較}} ||更較/復較 ||even more
|-
|-
| køq||{{tj|閣}} ||再/還/更加||again; more
| {{x|køq}} ||{{tj|閣}} ||再/還/更加 ||again; more
|-
|-
| kuikhix||{{bt|規氣}}/歸氣 ||索性/乾脆||simply; totally
| {{x|kuikhix}} ||{{wt|規氣}}/歸氣 ||索性/乾脆 ||simply; totally
|-
|-
| liampvy/liammy||{{bt|連鞭}} ||馬上||at once
| {{x|liammy}} ({{x|liampvy}}) ||{{wt|連鞭}} ||馬上 ||at once
|-
|-
| lorng||{{bt|攏}}||都/皆/全部||all
| {{x|lorng}} ||{{wt|攏}} ||都/皆/全部 ||all
|-
|-
| luo...luo||愈…愈||愈…愈||the more…the more
| {{x|luo}}...luo ||愈…愈 ||愈…愈 ||the more…the more
|-
|-
| niaxnia||{{ptj|爾爾}} ||而已||only
| {{x|niaxnia}} ||{{tj|爾爾}} ||而已 ||only
|-
|-
| siong||{{bt|上}} ||尚/最||the most
| {{x|siong}} ||{{wt|上}} ||尚/最 ||the most
|-
|-
| sioxngkaix||{{bt|上蓋}} ||最||the most
| {{x|sioxngkaix}} ||{{wt|上蓋}} ||最 ||the most
|-
|-
| suii||{{wt|隨}} ||馬上||immediately
| {{x|suii}} ||{{wt|隨}} ||馬上 ||immediately
|-
|-
| svakab||{{bt|相佮}} ||一起||together
| {{x|svakab}} ||{{wt|相佮}} ||一起 ||together
|-
|-
| sviw||{{bt|傷}} ||太||too much; too many
| {{x|sviw}} ||{{wt|傷}} ||太 ||too much; too many
|-
|-
| teq||{{tj|咧}} ||在/正在||in the process of
| {{x|teq}} ||{{tj|咧}} ||在/正在 ||in the process of
|-
|-
| thaix||{{wt|太}} ||太||very
| {{x|thaix}} ||{{wt|太}} ||太 ||very
|-
|-
| thaothaux||{{bt|透透}} ||透徹||thoroughly
| {{x|thaothaux}} ||{{wt|透透}} ||透徹 ||thoroughly
|-
|-
| tø||{{tj|就}} || ||yet; though; then
| {{x|tø}} ||{{tj|就}} || ||yet; though; then
|-
|-
| tvaf hai`aq||{{bt|今害矣}} ||?||too bad
| {{x|tvaf hai`aq}} ({{x|hai`laq}}) ||{{wt|今害矣}} ||? ||"too bad"
|-
|-
| twafhør/twtwafhør||拄af好/{{ptj|拄仔好}} ||剛剛好||just right
| {{x|twafhør}} ({{x|twtwafhør}}) ||{{ptj|拄仔好}} ||剛剛好 ||just right
|}
|}


== Prepositions ==
== Prepositions ==
(介詞) {{tts2|Listen|ciaux,ciofng,ho,ka,kab,kaux,kuozai,pie,suizai,ti,tiaxm,ti teq,tngf,tuix,tuy,uixtiøh}}
{{gs|kaesuu|介詞}}
[[File:460_kaesuu.mp3]]


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
|-
| ciaux||{{wt|照}}||照||follow
| {{x|ciaux}}||{{wt|照}}||照||follow
|-
|-
| ciofng||{{wt|將}} ||將||going to ; about to
| {{x|ciofng}}||{{wt|將}} ||將||going to ; about to
|-
|-
| ho||{{wt|予}} ||給/乎||to; by
| {{x|ho}}||{{wt|予}} ||給/乎||to; by
|-
|-
| ka||{{wt|共}} ||給/跟||with; to
| {{x|ka}}||{{wt|共}} ||給/跟||with; to
|-
|-
| kab||{{wt|佮}} ||和||with; and
| {{x|kab}}||{{wt|佮}} ||和||with; and
|-
|-
| kaux||{{tj|到}}/{{wt|夠}} ||到/夠||to; enough
| {{x|kaux}}||{{tj|到}}/{{wt|夠}} ||到/夠||to; enough
|-
|-
| kuozai||{{bt|據在}} ||隨便||indiscreetly; at one’s convenience
| {{x|kiezai}}/{{x|kuozai}} ||{{wt|據在}} ||隨便||indiscreetly; at one’s convenience
|-
|-
| pie||{{wt|比}}||比||compare
| {{x|pie}}||{{wt|比}}||比||compare
|-
|-
| suizai||{{bt|隨在}}||任憑/任由||at one’s convenience; no matter; regardless
| {{x|suizai}}||{{wt|隨在}}||任憑/任由||at one’s convenience; no matter; regardless
|-
|-
| ti||{{bt|佇}}||在||at; in
| {{x|ti}}||{{wt|佇}}||在||at; in
|-
|-
| tiaxm||{{tj|踮}} ||站/在||at; in
| {{x|tiaxm}}||{{tj|踮}} ||站/在||at; in
|-
|-
| ti teq||佇leq/{{ptj|佇咧}} ||正在||in the process of
| {{x|tixleq}} (ti teq) ||{{ptj|佇咧|佇leq}} ||正在||in the process of
|-
|-
| tngf||{{wt|當}} ||當||when; at that moment
| {{x|tngf}}||{{wt|當}} ||當||when; at that moment
|-
|-
| tuix||{{wt|對}}||對||right; correct
| {{x|tuix}}||{{wt|對}} || 對|| to, towards, with regard to, from. see also {{x|uix}}
|-
|-
| tuy||追? ||從||from
| {{x|tuy}} || {{wt|追}} ||從|| to follow behind or catch up from behind; to chase after, woo, pursue
|-
|-
| uixtiøh||{{wt|為著}}||為了||for the sake of
| {{x|uixtiøh}} ||{{wt|為著}}||為了||for the sake of
|}
|}


== Suffix particles indicating mood ==
== Suffix particles indicating mood ==
{{tts2|Listen|par`aq.  par`ax.  par`bøe.  par`bøo.  par`hvoq.  par`jiblaai.  par`jibkhix.  jip`laai.  jip`khix.  khix`aq.  par`khylaai.  par`khykhix.  par`khylix.  khvoarmai.  laq.  leq.  løq.  par`løqkhix.  par`løqlaai.  oq.  øexsae`tid.  tiøh}}
''See also'': [[Twenty-seven Taiwanese words beginning with the backquote]]


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
|-
| `aq/`ax||{{wt|矣}}||呀||an enclitic at the end of sentence to mark the completion of action
| {{x|`aq}} / `ax||{{wt|矣}}||呀||an enclitic at the end of sentence to mark the completion of action
|-
|-
| `bøe||{{wt|未}}||未||did… or not
| `[[Bøe (boe/be)|bøe]] ||{{wt|未}}||未||did… or not
|-
|-
| `bøo||{{tj|無}}||沒有||yes or not
| `{{x|bøo}} ||{{tj|無}}||沒有||yes or not
|-
|-
| `hvoq||{{wt|乎}} ||吧||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate emphasize on interrogative mood
| {{x|`hvoq}} ||{{wt|乎}} ||吧||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate emphasize on interrogative mood
|-
|-
| `jiblaai||`入來||進來||come in here
| `{{x|jiblaai}} ||`入來||進來||come in here
|-
|-
| `jibkhix||`入去||進去||get in there
| `{{x|jibkhix}} ||`入去||進去||get in there
|-
|-
| jip`laai||入`來|| ||come in
| {{x|jip`laai}} ||入`來|| ||come in
|-
|-
| jip`khix||入`去|| ||to go in
| {{x|jip`khix}}||入`去|| ||to go in
|-
|-
| khix`aq||去矣||||enclitic affixes to verbs to express completion of action
| {{x|khix`aq}}||去矣||||enclitic affixes to verbs to express completion of action
|-
|-
| `khylaai||`起來||||get up to here
| `{{x|khylaai}}||`起來||||get up to here
|-
|-
| `khykhix||`起去||||get up to there
| `{{x|khykhix}} ||`起去||||get up to there
|-
|-
| `khylix||`起去||||get up
| `{{x|khylix}} ||`起去||||get up
|-
|-
| khvoarmai||看mai/{{ptj|看覓}} ||看看||just try it to see
| {{x|øexsae`tid}} ||{{ptj|會使得}}||能使得/可以的||okay; can be; may
|-
|-
| laq||{{tj|啦}}||啦||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate recognition; affirmative; impatience; completion; request
| {{x|khvoarmai}} ||{{ptj|看覓|看mai}} ||看看||just try it to see
|-
|-
| liq/leq||{{tj|哩}}/{{tj|咧}}!||||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate command; emphasize on interrogative mood
| {{x|`laq}} ||{{tj|啦}}||啦||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate recognition; affirmative; impatience; completion; request
|-
|-
| løq||{{bt|囉}}||囉||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate completion; exclamation; or emphasize
| {{x|`liq}} / {{x|`leq}} ||{{tj|哩}}/{{tj|咧}}!||||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate command; emphasize on interrogative mood
|-
|-
| `løqkhix||`落去||下去||downward to there
| {{x|`løq}} / {{x|`loq}} ||{{wt|囉}}||囉||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate completion; exclamation; or emphasize
|-
|-
| `løqlaai||`落來||下來||downward to here
| `{{x|løqkhix}}||`落去||下去||downward to there
|-
|-
| `oq||`喔!||||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate caution; exclamation;
| `{{x|løqlaai}}||`落來||下來||downward to here
|-
|-
| øexsae`tid||øex使得/{{ptj|會使得}}||能使得/可以的||okay; can be; may
| {{x|`oq}} ||`喔!||||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate caution; exclamation;
|-
|-
| tiøh||{{bt|著}}|| ||affix to many verbs expressing accomplishment or taking effect
| {{x|tiøh}} ||{{wt|著}}|| ||affix to many verbs expressing accomplishment or taking effect
|}
|}


== Verbs (Toxngsuu) ==
== Verbs (Toxngsuu) ==
See also: [[Toxngsuu]]
See also: [[Toxngsuu]]
 
[[File:460_Toxngsuu.mp3]]
{{tts2|Listen|aix.ao.barn.biq.bøviar.chi.chiaau.chiøf.chitthøo.chviaa.chviar.chviax.chviux.ciah.ciaokhykafng.cym.giaa.giexn.giin.hahhix.hao.haxmbiin.hiaam.hiin.hipsiong.hiøq.hiw.hoaq.i.jiarng.jiog.kaam.kah'ix.kaxn.kerng.khausøea.khaw.khia.khoarn.khuxn.khvoax.kiernsiaux.kiørsi.korng.koxng.køeasyn.kviaa.kvoa.kvoaa`tiøh.laosae.larm.liah.liam.liaqzurn.liaxm.lym.ngx.oar.ølør.parngsag.phag.phahkhachviux.phahphvae`khix.phak jidthaau.pharngkvix.phoarpvi.phvi.phuix.po.poah.poaqkiao.puun.saf.siafphøef.siar.siongpurn.siuu.siuxkhix.soahsoaq`khix.søeaji.søf.søo.suq.tafm.thef.theh.thviaf.tiøo.tngr`khix.tong.tør`leq.tuhkw.zaiviar.zao.zefng.zhamsioong.zhoa.zhoafnkhuix.zhoaq.zhoarnsviu.zhoxng.zhoxng sviar.zhw.zhwn.zng.zuxn}}


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
|-
| aix||{{wt|愛}} ||喜歡/想要/愛||love; like
|{{x|aix}} ||{{wt|愛}} ||喜歡/想要/愛||love; like
|-
|-
| ao||{{wt|拗}}||折/扭曲||break and snap
| {{x|ao}} ||{{wt|拗}}||折/扭曲||break and snap
|-
|-
| barn||{{wt|挽}}||拔||pluck
| {{x|barn}} ||{{wt|挽}}||拔||pluck
|-
|-
| biq||{{wt|覕}} ||匿/逃避/躲||hide
| {{x|biq}} ||{{wt|覕}} ||匿/逃避/躲||hide
|-
|-
| [[bøviar]]||bø影/{{ptj|無影}} ||不真實的 ||no such thing; groundless; unsubstantiated
| [[bøviar]]||bø影/{{ptj|無影}} ||不真實的 ||no such thing; groundless; unsubstantiated
|-
|-
| chi||{{wt|飼}}||飼||raise; feed
| {{x|chi}} ||{{wt|飼}}||飼||raise; feed
|-
|-
| chiaau||{{tj|撨}} ||移/調整||to adjust; to move
| {{x|chiaau}} ||{{tj|撨}} ||移/調整||to adjust; to move
|-
|-
| chiøf||{{tj|𪁎}} ||好色||be horny
| {{x|chiøf}} ||{{tj|𪁎}} ||好色||be horny
|-
|-
| [[chitthøo]]||{{tj|𨑨迌}} ||玩耍||play; have fun
| [[chitthøo]]||{{tj|𨑨迌}} ||玩耍||play; have fun
|-
|-
| chviaa||{{tj|晟}} ||成/栽培||to raise kids
| {{x|chviaa}} ||{{tj|晟}} ||成/栽培||to raise kids
|-
|-
| chviar||{{wt|請}} ||請||to request; to ask; to invite
| {{x|chviar}} ||{{wt|請}} ||請||to request; to ask; to invite
|-
|-
| chviax||{{bt|倩}}||聘僱/僱用 ||to hire
| {{x|chviax}} ||{{wt|倩}}||聘僱/僱用 ||to hire
|-
|-
| chviux||{{wt|唱}} ||唱||to sing
| {{x|chviux}} ||{{wt|唱}} ||唱||to sing
|-
|-
| [[ciaqpng|ciah]]||{{wt|食}} ||吃||to eat
| [[ciaqpng|ciah]]||{{wt|食}} ||吃||to eat
|-
|-
| ciaokhykafng||{{bt|照起工}} ||按部就班||keep to the working routine
| {{x|ciaokhykafng}} ||{{wt|照起工}} ||按部就班||keep to the working routine
|-
|-
| cym||{{tj|唚}} ||吻||to kiss
| {{x|cym}} ||{{tj|唚}} ||吻||to kiss
|-
|-
| giaa||{{tj|夯}} ||抬||carry heavy thing over the shoulder
| {{x|giaa}} ||{{tj|夯}} ||抬||carry heavy thing over the shoulder
|-
|-
| giexn||{{tj|癮}} ||癮/渴望||to crave; addict
| {{x|giexn}} ||{{tj|癮}} ||癮/渴望||to crave; addict
|-
|-
| giin||{{tj|睨}} ||凝||stare
| {{x|giin}} ||{{tj|睨}} ||凝||stare
|-
|-
| hahhix||哈hix/{{ptj|哈唏}}||喝噓/打哈欠||to yawn
| {{x|hahhix}} ||哈hix/{{ptj|哈唏}}||喝噓/打哈欠||to yawn
|-
|-
| hao||{{wt|吼}} ||哭/叫||roar; howl
| {{x|hao}} ||{{wt|吼}} ||哭/叫||roar; howl
|-
|-
| [[haxmbiin]]||陷眠||做夢||talk in one's sleep; dreaming
| [[haxmbiin]]||陷眠||做夢||talk in one's sleep; dreaming
|-
|-
| hiaam||{{wt|嫌}}||嫌||to detest; to dislike
| {{x|hiaam}} ||{{wt|嫌}}||嫌||to detest; to dislike
|-
|-
| [[hiin]]||{{wt|眩}}||眩/暈||dizzy
| [[hiin]]||{{wt|眩}}||眩/暈||dizzy
|-
|-
| [[hipsiong]]||翕相||照相||take a picture
| [[hipsioxng]]||翕相||照相||take a picture
|-
|-
| [[hiøq]]||歇||休息||rest
| [[hiøq]]||歇||休息||rest
|-
|-
| hiw||{{tj|咻}}||喊||scream; shout
| {{x|hiw}} ||{{tj|咻}}||喊||scream; shout
|-
|-
| hoaq||{{wt|喝}}||喊||shout
| {{x|hoaq}} ||{{wt|喝}}||喊||shout
|-
|-
| i||{{wt|奕}} ||玩||to play
| {{x|i}} ||{{wt|奕}} ||玩||to play
|-
|-
| jiarng||{{wt|嚷}}||嚷||shout
| {{x|jiarng}} ||{{wt|嚷}}||嚷||shout
|-
|-
| jiog||{{wt|逐}}||追||to chase; to follow
| {{x|jiog}} ||{{wt|逐}}||追||to chase; to follow
|-
|-
| kaam||{{wt|含}}||含/唅||hold in the mouth
| {{x|kaam}} ||{{wt|含}}||含/唅||hold in the mouth
|-
|-
| kah'ix||{{wt|佮意}}||中意||feel satisfied; take delight
| {{x|kah'ix}} ||{{wt|佮意}}||中意||feel satisfied; take delight
|-
|-
| kaxn||{{tj|姦}}||姦||intercourse
| {{x|kaxn}} ||{{tj|姦}}||姦||intercourse
|-
|-
| kerng||{{wt|揀}}||揀||choose; select
| {{x|kerng}} ||{{wt|揀}}||揀||choose; select
|-
|-
| khausøea||{{bt|剾洗}} ||諷刺/刨說||give sarcastic; ironical caustic comments
| {{x|khausøea}} ||{{wt|剾洗}} ||諷刺/刨說||give sarcastic; ironical caustic comments
|-
|-
| khaw||{{wt|剾}} ||諷刺/刮/刨||speak ironically
| {{x|khaw}} ||{{wt|剾}} ||諷刺/刮/刨||speak ironically
|-
|-
| khia||{{tj|徛}} ||豎/站||to stand
| {{x|khia}} ||{{tj|徛}} ||豎/站||to stand
|-
|-
| khoarn||{{wt|款}} ||整理行李||pack; prepare for travel
| {{x|khoarn}} ||{{wt|款}} ||整理行李||pack; prepare for travel
|-
|-
| [[khuxn]]||{{tj|睏}} ||睡||sleep
| [[khuxn]]||{{tj|睏}} ||睡||sleep
|-
|-
| khvoax||{{wt|看}} ||看||to see
| {{x|khvoax}} ||{{wt|看}} ||看||to see
|-
|-
| [[kiernsiaux]] ||{{bt|見笑}}||丟人||feel ashamed; embarrassed
| [[kiernsiaux]] ||{{wt|見笑}}||丟人||feel ashamed; embarrassed
|-
|-
| kiørsi||{{bt|叫是}}||以為||assume; presume
| {{x|kiørsi}} ||{{wt|叫是}}||以為||assume; presume
|-
|-
| korng||{{wt|講}}||講||to say; to speak
| {{x|korng}} ||{{wt|講}}||講||to say; to speak
|-
|-
| koxng||{{tj|摃}} ||打/摃||hit
| {{x|koxng}} ||{{tj|摃}} ||打/摃||hit
|-
|-
| køeasyn||{{wt|過身}}||過世||pass away; die
| {{x|køeasyn}} ||{{wt|過身}}||過世||pass away; die
|-
|-
| [[kviaa]] ||{{wt|行}} ||行走||walk
| [[kviaa]] ||{{wt|行}} ||行走||walk
|-
|-
| kvoa||{{tj|捾}} ||攜||carry by a handle
| {{x|kvoa}} ||{{tj|捾}} ||攜||carry by a handle
|-
|-
| kvoaa`tiøh||{{bt|寒著}}||著涼||catch cold
| {{x|kvoaa`tiøh}} ||{{wt|寒著}}||著涼||catch cold
|-
|-
| [[laosae]]||落屎||拉肚子/瀉肚子||have loose bowel
| [[laosae]]||落屎||拉肚子/瀉肚子||have loose bowel
|-
|-
| larm||{{wt|攬}} ||攬||embrace/bear
| {{x|larm}} ||{{wt|攬}} ||攬||embrace/bear
|-
|-
| liah||{{wt|掠}}||掠/捕||catch; grasp
| {{x|liah}} ||{{wt|掠}}||掠/捕||catch; grasp
|-
|-
| liam||{{wt|唸}}||唸||to read; to recite
| {{x|liam}} ||{{wt|唸}}||唸||to read; to recite
|-
|-
| liaqzurn||{{wt|掠準}} ||以為||presume
| {{x|liaqzurn}} ||{{wt|掠準}} ||以為||presume
|-
|-
| liaxm||{{tj|捻}}||捻||to drive; to expel
| {{x|liaxm}} ||{{tj|捻}}||捻||to drive; to expel
|-
|-
| lym||{{tj|啉}} ||喝/飲||to drink
| {{x|lym}} ||{{tj|啉}} ||喝/飲||to drink
|-
|-
| ngx||{{wt|向}} ||向||to face
| {{x|ngx}} ||{{wt|向}} ||向||to face
|-
|-
| oar||{{wt|倚}} ||倚||recline; lean on
| {{x|oar}} ||{{wt|倚}} ||倚||recline; lean on
|-
|-
| [[ølør]]||{{tj|呵咾}} ||讚美||praise
| [[ølør]]||{{tj|呵咾}} ||讚美||praise
|-
|-
| parngsag||{{tj|放捒}} ||放棄||give up; abandon
| {{x|parngsag}} ||{{tj|放捒}} ||放棄||give up; abandon
|-
|-
| phag||{{wt|覆}}/{{wt|仆}} ||覆/仆||lying face down
| {{x|phag}} ||{{wt|覆}}/{{wt|仆}} ||覆/仆||lying face down
|-
|-
| [[phahkhachviux]]||{{ptj|拍咳啾}} ||打噴嚏||sneeze
| [[phahkhachviux]]||{{ptj|拍咳啾}} ||打噴嚏||sneeze
|-
|-
| [[phahphvae`khix]] ||{{ptj|拍歹去}} || ||to ruin; spoil; make a mess of something
| [[phahphvae]]`khix ||{{ptj|拍歹去}} || ||to ruin; spoil; make a mess of something
|-
| {{x|phak-jidthaau}} ({{x|phagjit}}) ||曝日頭||晒太陽||be exposed to sunshine; sunbath
|-
|-
| phak jidthaau||曝日頭||晒太陽||be exposed to sunshine; sunbath
| {{x|pharngkvix}} ({{x|phah'mxkvix}}) ||{{ptj|拍毋見}} ||丟掉/不見||lose; misplace
|-
|-
| pharngkvix||{{ptj|拍毋見}} ||丟掉/不見||lose; misplace
| {{x|phoarpve}} ||{{wt|破病}}||生病||get sick
|-
|-
| phoarpvi||{{bt|破病}}||生病||get sick
| [[phvi (toxngsuu)|phvi]]||{{wt|鼻}} ||聞/嗅||smell
|-
|-
| [[phvi (toxngsuu)|phvi]]||{{bt|鼻}} ||聞/嗅||smell
| {{x|phuix}} || {{tj|呸}} ||吐/翻臉/唾||spit
|-
|-
| phuix || {{tj|呸}} ||吐/翻臉/唾||spit
| {{x|po}} ||{{tj|哺}}||哺||chew
|-
|-
| po||{{tj|哺}}||哺||chew
| {{x|poah}} ||{{tj|跋}} ||跌||fall down (see {{x|poah cidtør}})
|-
|-
| poah||{{tj|跋}} ||跌||fall down
| {{x|poaqkiao}} ||{{ptj|跋筊}} ||賭博||gamble
|-
|-
| poaqkiao||{{ptj|跋筊}} ||賭博||gamble
| {{x|puun}} ||{{wt|歕}}||吹||to blow
|-
|-
| puun||{{wt|歕}}||吹||to blow
| {{x|saf}} ||{{wt|捎}} ||抓||to grasp; to catch
|-
|-
| saf||{{wt|捎}} ||抓||to grasp; to catch
| {{x|siafphøef}} ||{{wt|寫批}}||寫信||to write a letter
|-
|-
| siafphøef||{{bt|寫批}}||寫信||to write a letter
| {{x|siar}} ||{{wt|寫}}||寫||to write
|-
|-
| siar||{{wt|寫}}||寫||to write
| {{x|siuu}} ||{{wt|泅}} ||泅||to swim
|-
|-
| siuu||{{wt|泅}} ||泅||to swim
| {{x|siuxkhix}} ||{{wt|受氣}}||生氣||get angry; get upset
|-
|-
| siuxkhix||{{wt|受氣}}||生氣||get angry; get upset
| {{x|soahsoaq`khix}} ||{{wt|煞煞去}}||算了||to stop or discontinue with intention; call it off
|-
|-
| soahsoaq`khix||{{bt|煞煞去}}||算了||to stop or discontinue with intention; call it off
| {{x|søeaji}}||{{wt|細膩}} ||小心||be careful; concerned; deliberate; watchful
|-
|-
| {{tts|søeaji}}/{{tts|seaji}}||{{wt|細膩}} ||小心||be careful; concerned; deliberate; watchful
| {{x|søf}} ||{{wt|挲}} ||搔/搓||stroke; rub; pet
|-
|-
| søf||{{wt|挲}} ||搔/搓||stroke; rub; pet
| {{x|søo}} ||{{tj|趖}}||爬行||wonder around
|-
|-
| søo||{{tj|趖}}||爬行||wonder around
| {{x|suq}} ||{{wt|欶}}||吸||suck
|-
|-
| suq||{{wt|欶}}||吸||suck
| {{x|tafm}} ||{{tj|啖}} ||嚐||lick; taste
|-
|-
| tafm||{{tj|啖}} ||嚐||lick; taste
| {{x|thef}} ||{{tj|䖙}}||靠/躺||recline; lean on
|-
|-
| thef||{{tj|䖙}}||靠/躺||recline; lean on
| {{x|theh}} ||{{tj|提}}||提/拿||to lift; hold in the hand; grasp; take. cf. ''zhoa''
|-
|-
| theh||{{tj|提}}||提/拿||to lift
| {{x|thviaf}} ||{{wt|聽}} ||聽||to listen
|-
|-
| thviaf||{{wt|聽}} ||聽||to listen
| {{x|tiøo}} || {{wt|趒}} ||跳||jump
|-
|-
| tiøo|| {{wt|趒}} ||跳||jump
| {{x|tngr`khix}} ||{{wt|轉去}}||回去||go home; go back
|-
|-
| tngr`khix||{{bt|轉去}}||回去||go home; go back
| {{x|tong}} ||{{wt|洞}} ||洞||poke; hole
|-
|-
| tong||{{wt|洞}} ||洞||poke; hole
| {{x|tør}}`leq||{{wt|倒}}咧!||倒哩!||lying down
|-
|-
| tør`leq||{{wt|倒}}咧!||倒哩!||lying down
| {{x|tuhkw}} ||{{ptj|盹龜}}||打瞌睡||doze
|-
|-
| tuhkw||{{ptj|盹龜}}||打瞌睡||doze
| {{x|zaiviar}} ||{{wt|知影}}||知道||be aware of
|-
|-
| zaiviar||{{wt|知影}}||知道||be aware of
| {{x|zao}} ||{{wt|走}}||跑/逃||to run; to leave
|-
|-
| zao||{{wt|走}}||跑/逃||to run; to leave
| {{x|zefng}} ||{{wt|舂}}||舂||hit
|-
|-
| zefng||{{wt|舂}}||舂||hit
| {{x|zhamsioong}} ||{{wt|參詳}}||商量||discuss; confer
|-
|-
| zhamsioong||{{wt|參詳}}||商量||discuss; confer
| {{x|zhoa}} ||{{tj|𤆬}} ||導/迎娶 ||lead; guide; accompany; escort; show the way (cf. ''theh'')
|-
|-
| zhoa||{{tj|𤆬}} ||導/迎娶 ||lead; guide; accompany; escort; show the way
| {{x|zhoafnkhuix}} ||{{wt|喘氣}}||呼吸||breathe
|-
|-
| zhoafnkhuix||{{wt|喘氣}}||呼吸||breathe
| {{x|zhoaq}} ||{{wt|掣}} ||顫||to shake; to tremble; to shiver
|-
|-
| zhoaq||{{wt|掣}} ||顫||to shake; to tremble; to shiver
| {{x|zhoxng}} ||{{wt|創}}||創||to do; to create; to establish
|-
|-
| zhoxng||{{wt|創}}||創||to do; to create; to establish
| {{x|zhorngsviar}} ||{{ptj|創啥}}||創甚|| to do something
|-
|-
| zhoxng sviar||{{ptj|創啥}}||創甚|| to do something
| {{x|zhw}} ||{{ptj|趨}} ||滑 ||to slide
|-
|-
| zhw||{{ptj|趨}} ||滑 ||to slide
| {{x|zhwn}} ||{{tj|賰}}||剩||to be left; to remain
|-
|-
| zng/cvi||吮/{{wt|舐}}||饌||to lick
| {{x|zng}} ({{x|cvi}}) ||吮/{{wt|舐}}||饌||to lick
|-
|-
| zuxn||{{tj|顫}} ||抖||shiver
| {{x|zuxn}} ||{{tj|顫}} ||抖||shiver
|}
|}


Line 600: Line 598:
[[Heng'iongsuu]]
[[Heng'iongsuu]]


{{tts2|Listen|bae.bø'eeng.bøzhae.chirnzhae.chiuchixn.chvihun/zhvehun.cidkoar.cidsi'ar.cidsut'ar.ciør.eng'eeng.gaau.gong.hamban.hiaau.hiafm.høfgiah.høfkhafng.høfsex.huiekhix.hvoahie.ientaau.jixncyn.keksae.khiao.khiarngkhaf.khoaelok.khofng.khor.khunkhiam.kiaam.kirn.kofix.kofzuy.koarnsix.kutlat.kvialaang.lau.lahsab.lixpien.og.phahpviax.phvae.phvaysex.pintvoa.sarnchiaq.segsai.siab.siaolieen.sien.simseg.siok.siøfkhoar.siongpurn.sngf.soong.søex.suie.tarngsngf.taxmpøqar.thiarm.thihkhie.thøfzex.tiaau.tiautit.toa.tvy.voax.zar.zhengkhix.zhwn.zøe}}
[[File:460_Heng'iongsuu.mp3]]


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
|-
| bae|| {{wt|䆀}} ||醜||ugly; mean
| [[bae]]|| {{wt|䆀}} ||醜||ugly; mean
|-
|-
| bø'eeng||{{ptj|無閒}}||無閑||busy
| {{x|bø'eeng}} ||{{ptj|無閒}}||無閑||busy
|-
|-
| bøzhae||{{ptj|無彩}}||可惜/白費||too bad; regrettable
| {{x|bøzhae}} ||{{ptj|無彩}}||可惜/白費||too bad; regrettable
|-
|-
| chirnzhae||{{bt|凊彩}}||隨便/馬虎||one or other; either way
| {{x|chirnzhae}} ||{{wt|凊彩}}||隨便/馬虎||one or other; either way
|-
|-
| chiuchixn||{{wt|秋凊}}||涼快||pleasantly cool
| {{x|chiuchixn}} ||{{wt|秋凊}}||涼快||pleasantly cool
|-
|-
| chvihun/zhvehun||{{bt|生份}}||陌生/生疏||strange; unfamiliar
| {{x|chvihun}} ({{x|svihun}}) ||{{wt|生份}}||陌生/生疏||strange; unfamiliar
|-
|-
| cidkoar||{{ptj|一寡}}||少許/一些||some; a little; a few
| {{x|cidkoar}} ({{x|cidkoafar}}) ||{{ptj|一寡}}||少許/一些||some; a little; a few
|-
|-
| cidsi'ar||{{ptj|一絲仔}}||絲毫||a little bit
| {{x|cidsi'ar}} ||{{ptj|一絲仔}}||絲毫||a little bit
|-
|-
| cidsut'ar||{{tj|一屑仔}}||一點點||a little bit
| {{x|cidsut'ar}} ||{{tj|一屑仔}}||一點點||a little bit
|-
|-
| ciør||{{wt|少}} ||少||few
| {{x|ciør}} ||{{wt|少}} ||少||few
|-
|-
| eng'eeng||{{bt|閒閒}}||閒著沒事||not busy
| {{x|eng'eeng}}  ({{x|uxeeng}}) ||{{wt|閒閒}}||閒著沒事||not busy
|-
|-
| gaau||{{bt|𠢕}}||賢||clever; good at …; wise
| {{x|gaau}} ||{{wt|𠢕}}||賢||clever; good at …; wise
|-
|-
| gong||{{wt|戇}}||傻||stupid; silly
| {{x|gong}} ||{{wt|戇}}||傻||stupid; silly
|-
|-
| hanban/hamban||{{ptj|頇顢|頇ban}}||愚笨 ||incompetent; clumsy; unskillful
| {{x|hanban}} ([[hamban]]) ||{{ptj|頇顢|頇ban}}||愚笨 ||incompetent; clumsy; unskillful
|-
|-
| hiaau|| {{tj|嬈}} ||嬲||lascivious; lewd
| {{x|hiaau}} || {{tj|嬈}} ||嬲||lascivious; lewd
|-
|-
| hiafm|| {{wt|薟}} ||辛||hot; spicy
| {{x|hiafm}} || {{wt|薟}} ||辛||hot; spicy
|-
|-
| høfgiah||{{bt|好額}}||有錢||rich
| {{x|høfgiah}} ||{{wt|好額}}||有錢||rich
|-
|-
| høfkhafng||{{bt|好空}} ||好門路||lucky; blessed
| {{x|høfkhafng}} ||{{wt|好空}} ||好門路||lucky; blessed
|-
|-
| høfsex||{{bt|好勢}}||好勢||settled; finished
| {{x|høfsex}} ||{{wt|好勢}}||好勢||settled; finished
|-
|-
| huiekhix||{{bt|費氣}}||麻煩||troublesome; difficult
| {{x|huiekhix}} ||{{wt|費氣}}||麻煩||troublesome; difficult
|-
|-
| hvoahie||{{wt|歡喜}}||高興||glad ; happy
| {{x|hvoahie}} ||{{wt|歡喜}}||高興||glad ; happy
|-
|-
| ientaau||{{wt|緣投}}||英俊||handsome
| {{x|ientaau}} ||{{wt|緣投}}||英俊||handsome
|-
|-
| jixncyn||{{wt|認真}} ||認真||serious
| {{x|jixncyn}} ||{{wt|認真}} ||認真||serious
|-
|-
| keksae||{{bt|激屎}}||傲慢||snobbish; snooty;
| {{x|keksae}} ||{{wt|激屎}}||傲慢||snobbish; snooty;
|-
|-
| khiao||{{wt|巧}}||聰明||clever; intelligent
| {{x|khiao}} ||{{wt|巧}}||聰明||clever; intelligent
|-
|-
| khiarngkhaf||{{ptj|勥跤}} ||精明/厲害||shrewd; ambitious
| {{x|khiarngkhaf}} ||{{ptj|勥跤}} ||精明/厲害||shrewd; ambitious
|-
|-
| khoaelok||{{wt|快樂}}||快樂||happy
| {{x|khoaelok}} ||{{wt|快樂}}||快樂||happy
|-
|-
| khofng||{{wt|悾}}||呆笨||frantic; wild; maniac
| {{x|khofng}} ||{{wt|悾}}||呆笨||frantic; wild; maniac
|-
|-
| khor||{{wt|苦}}||苦||bitter
| {{x|khor}} ||{{wt|苦}}||苦||bitter
|-
|-
| khunkhiam||{{wt|勤儉}}||勤儉||hard-working and thrifty; diligent and frugal
| {{x|khinkhiam}} ||{{wt|勤儉}}||勤儉||hard-working and thrifty; diligent and frugal
|-
|-
| kiaam||{{wt|鹹}}||鹹||salty (also stingy)
| {{x|kiaam}} ||{{wt|鹹}}||鹹||salty (also stingy)
|-
|-
| kirn||{{wt|緊}}||快/急||fast
| {{x|kirn}} ||{{wt|緊}}||快/急||fast
|-
|-
| kofix||{{bt|古意}}||忠厚/老實||gentle; mild; well-behaved
| {{x|kofix}} ||{{wt|古意}}||忠厚/老實||gentle; mild; well-behaved
|-
|-
| kofzuy||{{wt|古錐}}||可愛||cute
| {{x|kofzuy}} ||{{wt|古錐}}||可愛||cute
|-
|-
| koarnsix||{{wt|慣勢}}||習慣||used to; accustomed to
| {{x|koarnsix}} ||{{wt|慣勢}}||習慣||used to; accustomed to
|-
|-
| kutlat||{{wt|骨力}}||勤勞||hard-working
| {{x|kutlat}} ||{{wt|骨力}}||勤勞||hard-working
|-
|-
| kvialaang||{{ptj|驚人}}||||dirty; filthy; soiled
| {{x|kvialaang}} ||{{ptj|驚人}}||||dirty; filthy; soiled
|-
|-
| lau||{{wt|老}}||老||old
| {{x|lau}} ||{{wt|老}}||老||old
|-
|-
| lahsab||{{ptj|垃圾}}||骯髒||dirty; filthy
| {{x|lahsab}} ||{{ptj|垃圾}}||骯髒||dirty; filthy
|-
|-
| lixpien||{{wt|利便}}||便利||convenient
| {{x|lixpien}} ||{{wt|利便}}||便利||convenient
|-
|-
| og||{{wt|惡}}||不好的||bad; evil
| {{x|og}} ||{{wt|惡}}||不好的||bad; evil
|-
|-
| [[phahpviax]]|| {{wt|拍拚}} ||打拚||work very hard; exerting the utmost strength
| [[phahpviax]]|| {{wt|拍拚}} ||打拚||work very hard; exerting the utmost strength
Line 693: Line 691:
| [[phvaysex]]||{{ptj|歹勢}}||不好意思||embarrassed; shy; coy
| [[phvaysex]]||{{ptj|歹勢}}||不好意思||embarrassed; shy; coy
|-
|-
| [[pintvoa]]||{{bt|貧惰}} ||怠惰||lazy
| {{x|pintvoa}} ||{{wt|貧惰}} ||怠惰||[[pintvoa|lazy]]
|-
|-
| sarnchiaq||{{bt|散赤}} ||赤貧||poor; poverty
| {{x|sarnchiaq}} ||{{wt|散赤}} ||赤貧||poor; poverty
|-
|-
| segsai|| {{bt|熟似}} ||熟識||familiar; reminiscent
| {{x|segsai}} || {{wt|熟似}} ||熟識||familiar; reminiscent
|-
|-
| siab||{{wt|澀}} || ||rough; a slightly bitter taste that numbs the tongue
| {{x|siab}} ||{{wt|澀}} || ||rough; a slightly bitter taste that numbs the tongue
|-
|-
| [[siaolieen]]||{{wt|少年}}||少年||young
| [[siaolieen]]||{{wt|少年}}||少年||young
|-
|-
| sien|| {{tj|𤺪}} ||倦||tired; sick of
| {{x|sien}} || {{tj|𤺪}} ||倦||tired; sick of
|-
|-
| simseg||{{wt|心適}}|| ||interesting
| {{x|simseg}} ||{{wt|心適}}|| ||interesting
|-
|-
| siok||{{wt|俗}} || ||cheap; not expensive
| {{x|siok}} ||{{wt|俗}} || ||cheap; not expensive
|-
|-
| [[siøfkhoar]]||{{ptj|小可仔}}||稍微||some; a little; a few
| [[siøfkhoar]]||{{ptj|小可仔}}||稍微||some; a little; a few
|-
|-
| siongpurn||{{bt|傷本}}||高成本/花費大|| cost too much; too expensive; costly
| {{x|siongpurn}} ||{{wt|傷本}}||高成本/花費大|| cost too much; too expensive; costly
|-
| sngf||{{wt|酸}}||||sour
|-
|-
| soong||{{tj|倯}} ||||hick; clownish; bucolic; stupid
| {{x|sngf}} ||{{wt|酸}}||||sour
|-
|-
| søex||{{wt|細}}||||small; little
| {{x|soong}} ||{{tj|倯}} ||||hick; clownish; bucolic; stupid
|-
|-
| suie||{{tj|媠}} ||美||beautiful
| {{x|søex}} ||{{wt|細}}||||small; little
|-
|-
| tarngsngf||{{bt|凍霜}}|| ||stingy
| {{x|suie}} ||{{tj|媠}} ||美||beautiful
|-
|-
| taxmpøqar||{{ptj|淡薄仔}}||||some; a little bit
| {{x|tarngsngf}} ||{{wt|凍霜}}|| ||stingy
|-
|-
| thiarm|| {{tj|忝}} || ||tired; weary
| {{x|taxmpøqar}} ||{{ptj|淡薄仔}}||||some; a little bit
|-
|-
| thihkhie||{{bt|鐵齒}}||||stubborn
| {{x|thiarm}} || {{tj|忝}} || ||tired; weary
|-
|-
| thøfzex||{{bt|討債}}||||prodigal; in expenditure
| {{x|thihkhie}} ||{{wt|鐵齒}}||||stubborn ({{x|thihkhie-tanggezøo}})
|-
|-
| tiaau|| {{wt|牢}} ||牢/住||tight
| {{x|thøfzex}} ||{{wt|討債}}||||prodigal; in expenditure
|-
|-
| tiautit||{{bt|條直}}||||honest and straight-forward
| {{x|tiaau}} || {{wt|牢}} ||牢/住||tight
|-
|-
| toa||{{wt|大}}||大||big
| {{x|tiautit}} ||{{wt|條直}}||||honest and straight-forward
|-
|-
| tvy||{{wt|甜}}||甜||sweet
| {{x|toa}} ||{{wt|大}}||大||big
|-
|-
| voax||{{wt|晏}}||晚/遲||late
| {{x|tvy}} ||{{wt|甜}}||甜||sweet
|-
|-
| zar||{{wt|早}}||||early
| {{x|voax}} ||{{wt|晏}}||晚/遲||late
|-
|-
| zhengkhix||{{wt|清氣}}||||clean
| {{x|zar}} ||{{wt|早}}||||early
|-
|-
| zhwn||{{tj|賰}}||剩||(adj) more than enough
| {{x|zhengkhix}} ||{{wt|清氣}}||||clean
|-
|-
| zøe||{{tj|濟}}||多||plenty; many
| {{x|zøe}} ||{{tj|濟}}||多||plenty; many
|}
|}


== Nouns - blood relation and relations by marriage ==
== Nouns - blood relation and relations by marriage ==
{{tts2|Listen|acie.acirm.afng.ahviaf.akim.akofng.aku.amar.amr.apeq.azeg.bor.gyn'ar.hauxsvy.khanchiuo.kviafsaix.kviar.mamaf.papaf.Siensvy.simpu.siøfmoe.siøfti.sixtoa.sun'ar.takef.takvoaf.tangmngg`ee.tangsai.Thaethaix.tviuxlaang.tviuxmr.zabor-kviar.zapof-kviar}}
[[File:460_nouns_relation.mp3]]


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
|-
| acie||{{bt|阿姊}} ||||older sister
| {{x|acie}} ||{{wt|阿姊}} |||| [[acie|older sister]]
|-
|-
| acirm||{{bt|阿嬸}} ||||the wife of one’s father’s younger brother
| {{x|acirm}} ||{{wt|阿嬸}} ||||the wife of one’s father’s younger brother
|-
|-
| afng||{{wt|翁}}||||husband
| {{x|afng}} ||{{wt|翁}}||||[[afng|husband]]
|-
|-
| [[ahviaf]]||{{wt|阿兄}}||||older brother
| {{x|ahviaf}} ||{{wt|阿兄}}|||| [[ahviaf|older brother]]
|-
|-
| [[akim]]||{{bt|阿妗}}||||wife of maternal uncle
| {{x|akim}} ||{{wt|阿妗}}||||wife of maternal uncle
|-
|-
| [[akofng]]||{{bt|阿公}}||||grandfather
| {{x|akofng}} ||{{wt|阿公}}|||| [[akofng|grandfather]]
|-
|-
| [[aku]]||{{bt|阿舅}}||||mother’s brother
| {{x|aku}} ||{{wt|阿舅}}||||mother’s brother
|-
|-
| [[amar]]||{{wt|阿媽}}||||grandmother
| {{x|amar}} ||{{wt|阿媽}}||||[[amar|grandmother]]
|-
|-
| [[amr]]||{{bt|阿姆}}||||the wife of one’s father’s older brother
| {{x|amr}} ||{{wt|阿姆}}||||the wife of one’s father’s older brother
|-
|-
| [[apeq]]||{{wt|阿伯}}||||father’s older brother
| {{x|apeq}} ||{{wt|阿伯}}||||father’s older brother
|-
|-
| [[azeg]]||{{bt|阿叔}}||||father’s younger brother
| {{x|azeg}} ||{{wt|阿叔}}||||father’s younger brother
|-
|-
| [[bor]]||{{tj|某}}||妻||wife
| {{x|bor}} ||{{tj|某}}||妻|| [[bor|wife]]
|-
|-
| [[gyn'ar]]||{{tj|囡仔}} ||孩子||kids
| {{x|gyn'ar}} ||{{tj|囡仔}} ||孩子|| [[gyn'ar|kids]]
|-
|-
| hauxsvy||{{wt|後生}}||兒子||son
| {{x|hauxsvef}} ||{{wt|後生}}||兒子|| [[hauxsvef|son]]
|-
|-
| [[khanchiuo`ee]]||{{bt|牽手}}||||wife
| {{x|khanchiuo`ee}} ||{{wt|牽手}}||||wife
|-
|-
| kviafsaix||{{bt|囝婿}} ||||son-in-law
| {{x|kviafsaix}} ||{{wt|囝婿}} ||||son-in-law
|-
|-
| [[kviar]]||{{wt|囝}}||子||child; son
| {{x|kviar}} ||{{wt|囝}}||子|| child; son
|-
|-
| [[mamaf]]/mafmaq ||{{wt|媽媽}}|| ||mother
| {{x|mamaf}} ({{x|mafmaq}}) ||{{wt|媽媽}}|| || [[mafmaq|mother]]
|-
|-
| [[papaf]]||{{wt|爸爸}}||||father
| {{x|papaf}} ({{x|apaq}}) ||{{wt|爸爸}}||||[[papaf|father]]
|-
|-
| [[Siensvy]]||{{wt|先生}}||||Mr.; Sir
| {{x|Siensvy}} ||{{wt|先生}}|||| Mr.; Sir (see [[Siensvy]])
|-
|-
| [[simpu]]/sinpu ||{{wt|新婦}} ||媳婦||daughter-in-law
| {{x|simpu}} ({{x|sinpu}}) ||{{wt|新婦}} ||媳婦||[[sinpu|daughter-in-law]]
|-
|-
| [[siøfmoe]]||{{wt|小妹}}||||younger sister
| {{x|siøfmoe}} ||{{wt|小妹}}||||younger sister
|-
|-
| [[siøfti]]||{{wt|小弟}}||||younger brother
| {{x|siøfti}} ||{{wt|小弟}}||||younger brother
|-
|-
| [[sixtoa]]||{{bt|序大}}||||the senior; elder
| {{x|sixtoa}} ||{{wt|序大}}||||the senior; elder
|-
|-
| sun'ar||{{ptj|孫仔}}||||grandchildren
| {{x|sun'ar}} ||{{ptj|孫仔}}||||grandchildren
|-
|-
| [[takef]]||{{ptj|大家}} ||婆婆||husband’s mother
| {{x|takef}} ||{{ptj|大家}} ||婆婆||[[takef|husband’s mother]]
|-
|-
| [[takvoaf]]|| {{ptj|大官}} ||公公||husband’s father
| {{x|takvoaf}} || {{ptj|大官}} ||公公||[[takvoaf|husband’s father]]
|-
|-
| tangmngg`ee||{{ptj|同門的}} ||連襟||the men whose wives are sisters
| {{x|tangmngg}}`ee ||{{ptj|同門的}} ||連襟||the men whose wives are sisters
|-
|-
| [[tangsai'ar|tangsai]]||{{bt|同姒}}||妯娌||the women whose husbands are brothers
| {{x|tangsai'ar}} ({{x|tangsai}}) ||{{wt|同姒}}||妯娌||the women whose husbands are brothers ([[tangsai]])
|-
|-
| [[Thaethaix]]||{{wt|太太}}||||Mrs.
| {{x|Thaethaix}} ||{{wt|太太}}|||| [[Thaethaix|Mrs.]]
|-
|-
| [[tviuxlaang]]||{{ptj|丈人}} ||岳父 ||wife’s father
| {{x|tviuxlaang}} ||{{ptj|丈人}} ||岳父 ||wife’s father
|-
|-
| [[tviuxmr]]||{{bt|丈姆}}|| ||wife’s mother
| {{x|tviuxmr}} ||{{wt|丈姆}}|| || wife’s mother
|-
|-
| zabor-kviar||{{ptj|查某囝}}||||daughter
| {{x|zabor-kviar}} || 查某囝 || || [[zabof'kviar|daughter]]
|-
|-
| zapof-kviar||{{ptj|查甫囝}}||||son
| {{x|zapof-kviar}} || 查埔囝 || || [[zapof-kviar|son]]
|}
|}


== Nouns describing body (sengkhw) ==
== Nouns describing body (sengkhw) ==
{{tts2|Listen|axmkurn.bagbaai.bagciw.chiuo.chiwkhiaw.exhaai.hengkharm.hvi.hvixkhafng.hvixzw.kengkahthaau.khachiuo.khaf.khazhngf.na'aau.paktor.phvi (phvi'ar).sengkhw.thaukhag.thaumngg.thauzafng.toxzaai.zhuie'extao.zhuiekhie.zhuietuun.zhuix}}
[[File:460_nouns_sengkhw.mp3]]


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 833: Line 829:
| [[axmkurn]]||{{ptj|頷頸}}||||neck
| [[axmkurn]]||{{ptj|頷頸}}||||neck
|-
|-
| [[bagbaai]]||{{bt|目眉}}||||eye brow
| [[bagbaai]]||{{wt|目眉}}||||eye brow
|-
|-
| [[bagciw]]||{{ptj|目睭}}||眼睛||eye
| [[bagciw]]||{{ptj|目睭}}||眼睛||eye
Line 839: Line 835:
| [[chiuo]]||{{wt|手}}||||hands
| [[chiuo]]||{{wt|手}}||||hands
|-
|-
| [[chiwkhiaw]]||{{bt|手曲}}||||elbow
| [[chiwkhiaw]]||{{wt|手曲}}||||elbow
|-
|-
| [[exhaai]]||{{bt|下頦}}||||lower jaw
| [[exhaai]]||{{wt|下頦}}||||lower jaw
|-
|-
| [[hengkharm]]||{{bt|胸坎}}||||chest; thorax
| [[hengkharm]]||{{wt|胸坎}}||||chest; thorax
|-
|-
| [[hvi]]||{{bt|耳}}||||ears
| [[hvi]]||{{wt|耳}}||||ears
|-
|-
| [[hvixkhafng]]||{{bt|耳空}}||||ear hole/ear
| [[hvixkhafng]]||{{wt|耳空}}||||ear hole/ear
|-
|-
| [[hvixzw]]||{{bt|耳珠}}||||ear lobe
| [[hvixzw]]||{{wt|耳珠}}||||ear lobe
|-
|-
| [[kengkahthaau]]||{{bt|肩胛頭}}|| ||shoulder
| [[kengkahthaau]]||{{wt|肩胛頭}}|| ||shoulder
|-
|-
| [[khachiuo]]||{{bt|跤手}}||手和腳||foot and hands
| {{x|khachiuo}}||{{wt|跤手}}||手和腳||foot and hands
|-
|-
| [[khaf]]||{{bt|跤}} ||腳||legs
| [[khaf]]||{{wt|跤}} ||腳||legs
|-
|-
| [[khazhngf]]||{{tj|尻川}}||臀||buttocks
| [[khazhngf]]||{{tj|尻川}}||臀||buttocks
|-
|-
| na'aau||{{bt|嚨喉}}||咽喉||throat
| [[na'aau]]||{{wt|嚨喉}}||咽喉||throat
|-
|-
| [[paktor]]||{{bt|腹肚}}||||stomach
| [[paktor]]||{{wt|腹肚}}||||stomach
|-
|-
| phvi ([[phvi'ar]])||{{wt|鼻}}||||nose
| {{x|phvi}} ([[phvi'ar]])||{{wt|鼻}}||||nose
|-
|-
| [[sengkhw]]||{{wt|身軀}}||||trunk; body
| [[sengkhw]]||{{wt|身軀}}||||trunk; body
|-
|-
| [[thaukhag]]||{{bt|頭殼}}||||head
| [[thaukhag]]||{{wt|頭殼}}||||head
|-
|-
| [[thaumngg]]||{{bt|頭毛}}||||hair
| [[thaumngg]]||{{wt|頭毛}}||||hair
|-
|-
| [[thauzafng]]||{{bt|頭鬃}}||||hair
| [[thauzafng]]||{{wt|頭鬃}}||||hair
|-
|-
| [[toxzaai]]||{{bt|肚臍}}||||belly button
| [[toxzaai]]||{{wt|肚臍}}||||belly button
|-
|-
| zhuie'extao||{{bt|喙下斗}}||||lower jaw
| {{x|zhuie'extao}} ||{{wt|喙下斗}}||||lower jaw
|-
|-
| [[zhuiekhie]]||{{bt|喙齒}}||||teeth
| [[zhuiekhie]]||{{wt|喙齒}}||||teeth
|-
|-
| [[zhuietuun]]||{{bt|喙脣}}||||lips
| [[zhuietuun]]||{{wt|喙脣}}||||lips
|-
|-
| [[zhuix]]||{{bt|喙}}||||mouth
| [[zhuix]]||{{wt|喙}}||||mouth
|}
|}


== Nouns - general use ==
== Nouns - general use ==
{{tts2|Listen|kankhor.loxiong.loxeng.miqkvia.paxnsex.sapbuun.senglie.sihnax.sofzai.taixcix.zhuopvy}}
[[File:460_nouns_general_use.mp3]]


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 892: Line 888:
| [[kankhor]]||{{wt|艱苦}}||||hardship
| [[kankhor]]||{{wt|艱苦}}||||hardship
|-
|-
| loxiong/loxeng||{{bt|路用}}||||use
| {{x|loxeng}}/loxiong||{{wt|路用}}||||use
|-
|-
| [[miqkvia]]||{{wt|物件}}||||thing
| [[miqkvia]]||{{wt|物件}}||||thing
|-
|-
| [[paxnsex]]||{{bt|範勢}} ||辦勢||condition; situation
| {{x|paxnsex}}||{{wt|範勢}} ||辦勢||condition; situation
|-
|-
| [[sapbuun]]||{{ptj|雪文}}||||soap
| [[sapbuun]]||{{ptj|雪文}}||||soap
Line 902: Line 898:
| [[senglie]]||{{wt|生理}}||生意||business
| [[senglie]]||{{wt|生理}}||生意||business
|-
|-
| [[sihnax]]||{{tj|爍爁}}||閃電||lightning
| [[sihnaq]]||{{tj|爍爁}}||閃電||lightning
|-
|-
| [[sofzai]]||{{wt|所在}}||||place; location
| [[sofzai]]||{{wt|所在}}||||place; location
Line 908: Line 904:
| [[taixcix]]||{{ptj|代誌}}||事情||thing
| [[taixcix]]||{{ptj|代誌}}||事情||thing
|-
|-
| [[zhuopvy]]||{{bt|厝邊}}||||neighbor
| [[zhuopvy]]||{{wt|厝邊}}||||neighbor
|}
|}


== Nouns - Time (sikafn) ==
== Nouns - Time (sikafn) ==
See also: [[sikafn]]
See also: [[sikafn]]
 
[[File:460_nouns_time.mp3]]
{{tts2|Listen|armsii. armthau'ar.  au`jit.  auxjit. bin'afzaix.  mia'afzaix.  bømii-bøjit.  cidtiafm'afkuo.  cidtiap'afkuo.  cirnzeeng.  citmar.  citzun.  ehngf.  eng'axm.  etaux.  expof.  extaux.  hiexntai.  hiøhjoah.  hiøhkvoaa.  jit`sii.  joaqthvy.  khahtheng'ar.  kin'afjit.  kinnii.  kofzar.  køeakhix.  kuxnii.  kvoathvy.  Lefpaix-jit.  Paix-id.  Paix-ji.  Paix-svaf.  Paix-six.  Paix-go.  Paix-lak.  sincviaf.  tangthvy.  thao'axm.  thaomii.  thaozar.  thaozar-thao'axm.  thautwar.  thvikngf.  tiongtaux.  tviaxtvia.  twciaq.  za'axm.  zafban.  zafkhie.  zahngf.  zhunthvy.  zøjit.  zuun`nii}}


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 921: Line 916:
| [[armsii]]||{{wt|暗時}} ||||at night; night time
| [[armsii]]||{{wt|暗時}} ||||at night; night time
|-
|-
| armthau'ar||{{ptj|暗頭仔}}||||evening
| {{x|armthau'ar}} ||{{ptj|暗頭仔}}||||evening
|-
|-
| au`jit||{{wt|後日}}||||the day after tomorrow
| {{x|au`jit}} ||{{wt|後日}}||||the day after tomorrow
|-
|-
| [[auxjit]]|| {{wt|後日}} ||幾天後||some other day in the future
| {{x|auxjit}}|| {{wt|後日}} ||幾天後||some other day in the future
|-
|-
| [[bin'afzaix]]/mia'afzaix ||{{ptj|明仔載}}|| ||tomorrow
| [[bin'afzaix]]/mia'afzaix ||{{ptj|明仔載}}|| ||tomorrow
|-
|-
| bømii-bøjit||{{bt|無暝無日}}||||day in day out
| {{x|bømee-bøjit}} ||{{wt|無暝無日}}||||day in day out
|-
|-
| cidtiafm'ar-kuo||{{ptj|一點仔久}}|| ||only a little bit long
| {{x|cidtiafm'ar-kuo}}||{{ptj|一點仔久}}|| ||only a little bit long
|-
|-
| cidtiap'ar-kuo||{{tj|一霎仔}}久||||in a moment
| {{x|cidtiap'afkuo}} ||{{tj|一霎仔}}久||||in a moment
|-
|-
| [[cirnzeeng]]||{{wt|進前}}||無多久以前||not long ago
| {{x|cirnzeeng}}||{{wt|進前}}||無多久以前||not long ago
|-
|-
| [[citmar]]||{{tj|這馬}}||現在||right now
| [[citmar]]||{{tj|這馬}}||現在||right now
Line 941: Line 936:
| [[citzun]]||{{tj|這陣}}||這時||right now
| [[citzun]]||{{tj|這陣}}||這時||right now
|-
|-
| ehngf||{{ptj|下昏}} ||今昏||tonight
| {{x|e'hngf}}||{{ptj|下昏}} ||今昏||tonight
|-
|-
| eng'axm|| {{ptj|下昏暗}} ||今暗/今晚||tonight
| [[e'axm]]|| {{ptj|下昏暗}} ||今暗/今晚||tonight
|-
|-
| etaux|| {{ptj|下晝}} ||今罩/今午||this afternoon
| etaux || {{ptj|下晝}} ||今罩/今午||this afternoon
|-
|-
| expof||{{wt|下晡}}||||afternoon
| [[expof]]||{{wt|下晡}}||||afternoon
|-
|-
| extaux||{{wt|下晝}}||||afternoon
| [[extaux]]||{{wt|下晝}}||||afternoon
|-
|-
| [[hiexntai]]||{{wt|現代}}||||modern
| [[hiexntai]]||{{wt|現代}}||||modern
|-
|-
| [[hiøhjoah]]||{{bt|歇熱}}||||summer vacation
| [[hiøhjoah]]||{{wt|歇熱}}||||summer vacation
|-
|-
| [[hiøhkvoaa]]||{{wt|歇寒}}||||winter vacation
| {{x|hiøhkvoaa}} ||{{wt|歇寒}}||||winter vacation
|-
|-
| jit`sii||{{wt|日時}}||||day time
| {{x|jit`sii}} ||{{wt|日時}}||||day time
|-
|-
| [[joaqthvy]]||{{wt|熱天}}||||summer
| [[joaqthvy]]||{{wt|熱天}}||||summer
|-
|-
| khahtheng'ar||{{ptj|較停仔}}||||in a very short time
| {{x|khahtheng'ar}} ||{{ptj|較停仔}}||||in a very short time
|-
|-
| [[kin'afjit]]||{{ptj|今仔日}}||||today
| [[kin'afjit]]||{{ptj|今仔日}}||||today
|-
|-
| kinnii||{{wt|今年}}||||this year
| {{x|kinnii}} ||{{wt|今年}}||||this year
|-
|-
| {{TE|kofzar}} ||{{wt|古早}}||||long long ago
| [[køeakhix]] ||{{wt|過去}}||||in the past
|-
|-
| [[køeakhix]]||{{wt|過去}}||||in the past
| {{x|kofzar}} ||{{wt|古早}}||||long long ago
|-
|-
| kuxnii||{{wt|舊年}}||||last year
| {{x|kuxnii}} ||{{wt|舊年}}||||last year
|-
|-
| [[kvoathvy]]||{{wt|寒天}}||||winter
| [[kvoathvy]]||{{wt|寒天}}||||winter
|-
|-
| [[Lefpaejit]]||{{wt|禮拜日}}||||Sunday
| [[Lefpaix-jit]]||{{wt|禮拜日}}||||Sunday
|-
|-
| [[Paeid]]||{{wt|拜一}}||禮拜一||Monday
| [[Pae'id]]||{{wt|拜一}}||禮拜一||Monday
|-
|-
| [[Paeji]]||{{wt|拜二}}||禮拜二||Tuesday
| [[Pae'ji]]||{{wt|拜二}}||禮拜二||Tuesday
|-
|-
| [[Paesvaf]]||{{wt|拜三}}||禮拜三||Wednesday
| [[Pae'svaf]]||{{wt|拜三}}||禮拜三||Wednesday
|-
|-
| [[Paesix]]||{{wt|拜四}}||禮拜四||Thursday
| [[Pae'six]]||{{wt|拜四}}||禮拜四||Thursday
|-
|-
| [[Paego]]||{{wt|拜五}}||禮拜五||Friday
| [[Pae'go]]||{{wt|拜五}}||禮拜五||Friday
|-
|-
| [[Paelak]]||{{wt|拜六}}||禮拜六||Saturday
| [[Pae'lak]]||{{wt|拜六}}||禮拜六||Saturday
|-
|-
| [[sincviaf]]||{{bt|新正}}||||lunar new year
| [[sincviaf]]||{{wt|新正}}|||| Lunar New Year
|-
|-
| [[tangthvy]]||{{wt|冬天}}||||winter
| [[tangthvy]]||{{wt|冬天}}||||winter
|-
|-
| thao'axm||{{bt|透暗}}||||all night; very late at night
| {{x|thao'axm}}||{{wt|透暗}}||||all night; very late at night
|-
|-
| thaomii||{{wt|透暝}}||||all night
| {{x|thaomee}}/{{x|thaomii}} ||{{wt|透暝}}||||all night
|-
|-
| [[thaozar]]||{{bt|透早}}||||very early in the morning
| {{x|thaozar}} ||{{wt|透早}}||||very early in the morning
|-
|-
| thaozar-thao'axm||透早透暗||||day or night
| thaozar-thao'axm||透早透暗||||day or night
Line 1,003: Line 998:
| [[thautwar]]||{{ptj|頭拄仔}}||||not long ago
| [[thautwar]]||{{ptj|頭拄仔}}||||not long ago
|-
|-
| [[thvikngf]]||{{bt|天光}}||||dawn; at dawn
| [[thvy-kngf]]||{{wt|天光}}||||dawn; at dawn
|-
|-
| [[tiongtaux]]||{{wt|中晝}} ||||noon
| [[tiongtaux]]||{{wt|中晝}} ||||noon
|-
|-
| tviaxtvia||{{wt|定定}} ||||quite often
| {{x|tviaxtvia}} ||{{wt|定定}} ||||quite often
|-
|-
| [[twciaq]]||{{ptj|拄才}}||剛剛||just now; just a moment ago
| [[twciaq]]||{{ptj|拄才}}||剛剛||just now; just a moment ago
|-
|-
| za'axm||{{wt|昨暗}}||||last night
| {{x|za'axm}} ||{{wt|昨暗}}||||last night
|-
|-
| zafban||{{bt|早慢}}||||sooner or later
| {{x|zafban}} ||{{wt|早慢}}||||sooner or later
|-
|-
| [[zafkhie]]||{{wt|早起}}||||morning
| [[zafkhie]]||{{wt|早起}}||||morning
|-
|-
| zahngf/[[zaqhngf]] ||{{bt|昨昏}} ||昨天||yesterday
| {{x|za'hngf}}/[[zaqhngf]] ||{{wt|昨昏}} ||昨天||yesterday
|-
|-
| [[zhunthvy]]||{{wt|春天}}||春天||spring
| [[zhunthvy]]||{{wt|春天}}||春天||spring
|-
|-
| [[zøh`jit]]||{{bt|昨日}}||前天||the day before yesterday
| [[zøh`jit]]||{{wt|昨日}}||前天||the day before yesterday
|-
|-
| zuun`nii||{{ptj|前年}} ||||the year before last year
| {{x|zuun`nii}} ||{{ptj|前年}} ||||the year before last year
|}
|}


==Chviar Zhamkhør==
==Chviar Zhamkhør==
*[[臺灣閩南語推薦用字]] (300-ji)
* [[臺灣閩南語推薦用字]] (300-ji)
*[[Taioaan Banlamguo Siong'iong-Suu Sutiern]]
* ''[[Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan]]''


==SKBC==
== Siongkoafn ==
*[[My First 100 Words in Taiwanese]]
* [[Swadesh List]]
*[[Common Taiwanese phrases]]
* [[My First 100 Words in Taiwanese]]
*[[Taiwanese phrasebook]]
* [[Common Taiwanese phrases]]
*[[Swadesh List]]


[[Category: Getting started]]
[[Category: Getting started]]

Latest revision as of 09:17, 2 April 2024

Taiguo Siong'iong 460 ji (台語常用460字; 460 Frequently-Used Taiwanese Words) written in Modern Literal Taiwanese with English definitions. Adapted from: 黃美雲 (2004) Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji [460 Common Taiwanese Words]. 台語文協會.

Personal pronouns

Main article: Personal pronouns

MTL THJ Hoaguo Engguo
goar 我 我 I; me
gurn 阮† 我們/我的 we; us; (not including listener)
goarn 阮† 我/我們/我等/咱們 we; us; (not including listener)
kaki 家己 自己 self
larn 咱† 我們/咱 we; us; (includes listener)
lie 汝/你†/妳 你/妳/汝 you
lirn 恁† 你們/你的/你們的 you (plural/exclusive)
tag'ee 逐个 各個/每個 everybody
taixkef (tagkef) 大家 大家 everybody; all the people
y 伊 他/她/祂 he; she; it; his; her
yn 𪜶† 他們/他的 they; them

Demonstrative pronouns

MTL THJ MSM ENG
cidee cid个 一個 one
ciaf^ 遮† 這裡 here
ciah'ee (ciaf`ee) 遮的† 這些 these
ciahniq' (ciahni) 遮爾† 這麼 such; so
cit'ee cit个 這個 this one
citkhoarn cit款 這種/這樣 this kind of
hef^ 彼† 那 that one
hiah'ee (hiaf`ee) 遐的† 那些 those
hiaf^ 遐† 那裡 there
hiahniq' (hiahni) 遐爾† 那麼 in that way
hit'ee 彼个‡ 那個 that one
hitkhoarn 彼款‡ 那款 that kind of
sviafkhoarn 啥款‡ 怎麼樣 what kind
symmih'khoarn symmih款 什麼樣 what do you think
zef^ 這† 這 this one

Tone sandhi exceptions:

  • ^: words that never change tone.
  • ': words ending with apostrophe, which will be directly followed by another word with no space.

Interrogative pronouns

MTL THJ MSM ENG
joaxkuo 偌久‡ 多久 how long
joaxtoa (goaxtoa) 偌大‡ 多大 how big
joaxzøe (goaxzøe) 偌濟† 多少 how many; how much
kuyee 幾个 幾個 how many
kuyjit 幾日 幾日 how many days
kuykafng 幾工 幾天 how many days
kuytiarm 幾點 幾點 what time it is
nar 哪† 怎 how; why; what
nar øe (naføe) 哪會† 怎會 how come; how could this be possible
sviafhøex 啥貨‡/sviaf貨 甚麼/什麼東西 what
sviaflaang 啥人† 哪個/孰/誰/誰人/誰個 who
sviar 啥† 甚 what
symmih^ (sviafmiq, sviafmih) 啥物‡/sym物 什麼 what
symmih'laang (sviaflaang) sym物laang 什麼人 who
tafcidee (tøfcidee) 佗一个‡/tøfcid个 哪一個 which one
tafcidhang (tøfcidhang) tøfcid項 哪一項 which item
tafcidui (tøfcidui) tøfcid位 哪一位 which one
tangsii 當時 何時 when
tafui (tøfui) 佗位‡/tøf位 那裡 where
uixhøo 為何 因何/為什麼/為何 why; for what
ui-symmih^ (ui sviafmiq)^ 為甚物‡/為sym物 為什麼 why; for what. see si-afnzvoar

Conjunctions

MTL THJ MSM ENG
afnnef/afnny 按呢† 這樣子 / 如此 well…then
afnzvoar 按怎‡ 何以 / 怎的 / 怎麼 how
chinchviu 親像 就像 as; such as; as if
citmar 這馬‡/cit馬 / 即碼 現在 at this moment
hafntid (harn`tid) 罕得 少有 / 難得 rarely; seldom
høfkazaix ... 好佳哉‡/好佳zaix 幸好 / 幸虧 fortunately
iah 抑 或 / 抑 or
iao 猶† 而 but; still (synonym iawkøq)
in'ui...sofie 因為…所以 because…therefore
kab 佮 和 and; with
kiafmzhae 檢采 / 減采 假使 perhaps
kaxngkhoarn 仝款‡/kaxng款 / 共款 一樣 / 同樣 / 相同 / 相像 same ; similar
koputjiciofng (koputciofng) 姑不而將 / 姑不將 不得已 / 無奈何 be obliged; have no choice but to; reluctant
lofngzorng 攏總 一共 / 一總 / 打總兒 / 全部 all; collectively
ma 嘛† 也 / 亦 also; too
mxbiern 毋免‡/mx免 不免 / 不必 not necessary; unnecessary; not have to
mxkøq (mxkuo) 毋過‡ 不過 / 然而 but
mxna 毋但‡ 不只 / 不光 / 不但 not only…
na 若 若 / 如果 if
suxnsoax 順紲‡/順soax 附帶 / 趁便 / 順便 conveniently
pwntøea 本底 本來 / 原本 / 先前 at first; originally
taxnsi 但是 但是 but
thiaukafng 刁工 / thiau工 特意 on purpose
tiaukorix (thiaukorix) 刁故意 存心 / 成心 / 刻意 / 故意 on purpose
tvaf 今† 現在 / 如今 now
twciaq 拄才‡/拄ciaq 適即 / 剛剛 moment ago

Auxiliary verbs

MTL THJ MSM ENG
aix ... 愛 喜歡/想要/愛 want; like
borng 罔† 姑且/將就 content oneself with; may as well
bøe ... 袂† 不會 be not able to; not willing to
bøeq ... 欲† 要/如果/快要 want; like
bøexhiao ... 袂曉‡ 不會 don’t know
bøexsae ... 袂使‡ 不可以 it can not be; be not able to
bøextaxng ... 袂當‡ 未為/不能 it can not be; be not able to
øe ... 會† 會/能 be able and willing to
øexhiao ... 會曉‡ 能曉/會 know
øexsae ... 會使‡ 能使/可以 it may
øextaxng ... 會當‡ 能為/可以 be able to
øextitthafng 會得通‡ 可以 it can be; be able to
laai 來 來 let’s ; come
m 毋† 不 not
maix ... 莫† 勿/毋 do not
mxthafng 毋通 不可 may not
phvae 歹† 壞/惡/難 it’s bad to
thafng 通 通過/可以 may
tiøqaix 著愛 須 have to

Adverbs (Huosuu)

See also: Huosuu

MTL THJ MSM ENG
bøo-tviutii 無張持‡ 沒注意/不小心 unexpectedly (see hutjieen)
ciog 足 足/很 very; very much
ciu 就 就 then
cyn- 真 真 very
cviaa 誠 很 very much
iao 猶† 還/尚 still; yet
iawbøe 猶未‡ 尚未 not yet
juo...juo 愈…愈 (愈) 愈…愈 the more…the more
kaix 蓋 最 very (see uxkaux)
kaq 佮 與 to
kannaf (kantvaf) 干焦‡/干tvaf 只有 only; merely
khaq 較 比較/更/再 more
køhkhaq 閣較‡ 更較/復較 even more
køq 閣† 再/還/更加 again; more
kuikhix 規氣/歸氣 索性/乾脆 simply; totally
liammy (liampvy) 連鞭 馬上 at once
lorng 攏 都/皆/全部 all
luo...luo 愈…愈 愈…愈 the more…the more
niaxnia 爾爾† 而已 only
siong 上 尚/最 the most
sioxngkaix 上蓋 最 the most
suii 隨 馬上 immediately
svakab 相佮 一起 together
sviw 傷 太 too much; too many
teq 咧† 在/正在 in the process of
thaix 太 太 very
thaothaux 透透 透徹 thoroughly
tø 就† yet; though; then
tvaf hai`aq (hai`laq) 今害矣 ? "too bad"
twafhør (twtwafhør) 拄仔好‡ 剛剛好 just right

Prepositions

kaesuu (介詞)

MTL THJ MSM ENG
ciaux 照 照 follow
ciofng 將 將 going to ; about to
ho 予 給/乎 to; by
ka 共 給/跟 with; to
kab 佮 和 with; and
kaux 到†/夠 到/夠 to; enough
kiezai/kuozai 據在 隨便 indiscreetly; at one’s convenience
pie 比 比 compare
suizai 隨在 任憑/任由 at one’s convenience; no matter; regardless
ti 佇 在 at; in
tiaxm 踮† 站/在 at; in
tixleq (ti teq) 佇咧‡/佇leq 正在 in the process of
tngf 當 當 when; at that moment
tuix 對 對 to, towards, with regard to, from. see also uix
tuy 追 從 to follow behind or catch up from behind; to chase after, woo, pursue
uixtiøh 為著 為了 for the sake of

Suffix particles indicating mood

See also: Twenty-seven Taiwanese words beginning with the backquote

MTL THJ MSM ENG
`aq / `ax 矣 呀 an enclitic at the end of sentence to mark the completion of action
`bøe 未 未 did… or not
`bøo 無† 沒有 yes or not
`hvoq 乎 吧 an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate emphasize on interrogative mood
`jiblaai `入來 進來 come in here
`jibkhix `入去 進去 get in there
jip`laai 入`來 come in
jip`khix 入`去 to go in
khix`aq 去矣 enclitic affixes to verbs to express completion of action
`khylaai `起來 get up to here
`khykhix `起去 get up to there
`khylix `起去 get up
øexsae`tid 會使得‡ 能使得/可以的 okay; can be; may
khvoarmai 看覓‡/看mai 看看 just try it to see
`laq 啦† 啦 an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate recognition; affirmative; impatience; completion; request
`liq / `leq 哩†/咧†! an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate command; emphasize on interrogative mood
`løq / `loq 囉 囉 an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate completion; exclamation; or emphasize
`løqkhix `落去 下去 downward to there
`løqlaai `落來 下來 downward to here
`oq `喔! an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate caution; exclamation;
tiøh 著 affix to many verbs expressing accomplishment or taking effect

Verbs (Toxngsuu)

See also: Toxngsuu

MTL THJ MSM ENG
aix 愛 喜歡/想要/愛 love; like
ao 拗 折/扭曲 break and snap
barn 挽 拔 pluck
biq 覕 匿/逃避/躲 hide
bøviar bø影/無影‡ 不真實的 no such thing; groundless; unsubstantiated
chi 飼 飼 raise; feed
chiaau 撨† 移/調整 to adjust; to move
chiøf 𪁎† 好色 be horny
chitthøo 𨑨迌† 玩耍 play; have fun
chviaa 晟† 成/栽培 to raise kids
chviar 請 請 to request; to ask; to invite
chviax 倩 聘僱/僱用 to hire
chviux 唱 唱 to sing
ciah 食 吃 to eat
ciaokhykafng 照起工 按部就班 keep to the working routine
cym 唚† 吻 to kiss
giaa 夯† 抬 carry heavy thing over the shoulder
giexn 癮† 癮/渴望 to crave; addict
giin 睨† 凝 stare
hahhix 哈hix/哈唏‡ 喝噓/打哈欠 to yawn
hao 吼 哭/叫 roar; howl
haxmbiin 陷眠 做夢 talk in one's sleep; dreaming
hiaam 嫌 嫌 to detest; to dislike
hiin 眩 眩/暈 dizzy
hipsioxng 翕相 照相 take a picture
hiøq 歇 休息 rest
hiw 咻† 喊 scream; shout
hoaq 喝 喊 shout
i 奕 玩 to play
jiarng 嚷 嚷 shout
jiog 逐 追 to chase; to follow
kaam 含 含/唅 hold in the mouth
kah'ix 佮意 中意 feel satisfied; take delight
kaxn 姦† 姦 intercourse
kerng 揀 揀 choose; select
khausøea 剾洗 諷刺/刨說 give sarcastic; ironical caustic comments
khaw 剾 諷刺/刮/刨 speak ironically
khia 徛† 豎/站 to stand
khoarn 款 整理行李 pack; prepare for travel
khuxn 睏† 睡 sleep
khvoax 看 看 to see
kiernsiaux 見笑 丟人 feel ashamed; embarrassed
kiørsi 叫是 以為 assume; presume
korng 講 講 to say; to speak
koxng 摃† 打/摃 hit
køeasyn 過身 過世 pass away; die
kviaa 行 行走 walk
kvoa 捾† 攜 carry by a handle
kvoaa`tiøh 寒著 著涼 catch cold
laosae 落屎 拉肚子/瀉肚子 have loose bowel
larm 攬 攬 embrace/bear
liah 掠 掠/捕 catch; grasp
liam 唸 唸 to read; to recite
liaqzurn 掠準 以為 presume
liaxm 捻† 捻 to drive; to expel
lym 啉† 喝/飲 to drink
ngx 向 向 to face
oar 倚 倚 recline; lean on
ølør 呵咾† 讚美 praise
parngsag 放捒† 放棄 give up; abandon
phag 覆/仆 覆/仆 lying face down
phahkhachviux 拍咳啾‡ 打噴嚏 sneeze
phahphvae`khix 拍歹去‡ to ruin; spoil; make a mess of something
phak-jidthaau (phagjit) 曝日頭 晒太陽 be exposed to sunshine; sunbath
pharngkvix (phah'mxkvix) 拍毋見‡ 丟掉/不見 lose; misplace
phoarpve 破病 生病 get sick
phvi 鼻 聞/嗅 smell
phuix 呸† 吐/翻臉/唾 spit
po 哺† 哺 chew
poah 跋† 跌 fall down (see poah cidtør)
poaqkiao 跋筊‡ 賭博 gamble
puun 歕 吹 to blow
saf 捎 抓 to grasp; to catch
siafphøef 寫批 寫信 to write a letter
siar 寫 寫 to write
siuu 泅 泅 to swim
siuxkhix 受氣 生氣 get angry; get upset
soahsoaq`khix 煞煞去 算了 to stop or discontinue with intention; call it off
søeaji 細膩 小心 be careful; concerned; deliberate; watchful
søf 挲 搔/搓 stroke; rub; pet
søo 趖† 爬行 wonder around
suq 欶 吸 suck
tafm 啖† 嚐 lick; taste
thef 䖙† 靠/躺 recline; lean on
theh 提† 提/拿 to lift; hold in the hand; grasp; take. cf. zhoa
thviaf 聽 聽 to listen
tiøo 趒 跳 jump
tngr`khix 轉去 回去 go home; go back
tong 洞 洞 poke; hole
tør`leq 倒咧! 倒哩! lying down
tuhkw 盹龜‡ 打瞌睡 doze
zaiviar 知影 知道 be aware of
zao 走 跑/逃 to run; to leave
zefng 舂 舂 hit
zhamsioong 參詳 商量 discuss; confer
zhoa 𤆬† 導/迎娶 lead; guide; accompany; escort; show the way (cf. theh)
zhoafnkhuix 喘氣 呼吸 breathe
zhoaq 掣 顫 to shake; to tremble; to shiver
zhoxng 創 創 to do; to create; to establish
zhorngsviar 創啥‡ 創甚 to do something
zhw 趨‡ 滑 to slide
zhwn 賰† 剩 to be left; to remain
zng (cvi) 吮/舐 饌 to lick
zuxn 顫† 抖 shiver

Adjectives (Heng'iongsuu)

Heng'iongsuu

MTL THJ MSM ENG
bae 䆀 醜 ugly; mean
bø'eeng 無閒‡ 無閑 busy
bøzhae 無彩‡ 可惜/白費 too bad; regrettable
chirnzhae 凊彩 隨便/馬虎 one or other; either way
chiuchixn 秋凊 涼快 pleasantly cool
chvihun (svihun) 生份 陌生/生疏 strange; unfamiliar
cidkoar (cidkoafar) 一寡‡ 少許/一些 some; a little; a few
cidsi'ar 一絲仔‡ 絲毫 a little bit
cidsut'ar 一屑仔† 一點點 a little bit
ciør 少 少 few
eng'eeng (uxeeng) 閒閒 閒著沒事 not busy
gaau 𠢕 賢 clever; good at …; wise
gong 戇 傻 stupid; silly
hanban (hamban) 頇顢‡/頇ban 愚笨 incompetent; clumsy; unskillful
hiaau 嬈† 嬲 lascivious; lewd
hiafm 薟 辛 hot; spicy
høfgiah 好額 有錢 rich
høfkhafng 好空 好門路 lucky; blessed
høfsex 好勢 好勢 settled; finished
huiekhix 費氣 麻煩 troublesome; difficult
hvoahie 歡喜 高興 glad ; happy
ientaau 緣投 英俊 handsome
jixncyn 認真 認真 serious
keksae 激屎 傲慢 snobbish; snooty;
khiao 巧 聰明 clever; intelligent
khiarngkhaf 勥跤‡ 精明/厲害 shrewd; ambitious
khoaelok 快樂 快樂 happy
khofng 悾 呆笨 frantic; wild; maniac
khor 苦 苦 bitter
khinkhiam 勤儉 勤儉 hard-working and thrifty; diligent and frugal
kiaam 鹹 鹹 salty (also stingy)
kirn 緊 快/急 fast
kofix 古意 忠厚/老實 gentle; mild; well-behaved
kofzuy 古錐 可愛 cute
koarnsix 慣勢 習慣 used to; accustomed to
kutlat 骨力 勤勞 hard-working
kvialaang 驚人‡ dirty; filthy; soiled
lau 老 老 old
lahsab 垃圾‡ 骯髒 dirty; filthy
lixpien 利便 便利 convenient
og 惡 不好的 bad; evil
phahpviax 拍拚 打拚 work very hard; exerting the utmost strength
phvae 歹† 壞/惡/難 bad; evil
phvaysex 歹勢‡ 不好意思 embarrassed; shy; coy
pintvoa 貧惰 怠惰 lazy
sarnchiaq 散赤 赤貧 poor; poverty
segsai 熟似 熟識 familiar; reminiscent
siab 澀 rough; a slightly bitter taste that numbs the tongue
siaolieen 少年 少年 young
sien 𤺪† 倦 tired; sick of
simseg 心適 interesting
siok 俗 cheap; not expensive
siøfkhoar 小可仔‡ 稍微 some; a little; a few
siongpurn 傷本 高成本/花費大 cost too much; too expensive; costly
sngf 酸 sour
soong 倯† hick; clownish; bucolic; stupid
søex 細 small; little
suie 媠† 美 beautiful
tarngsngf 凍霜 stingy
taxmpøqar 淡薄仔‡ some; a little bit
thiarm 忝† tired; weary
thihkhie 鐵齒 stubborn (thihkhie-tanggezøo)
thøfzex 討債 prodigal; in expenditure
tiaau 牢 牢/住 tight
tiautit 條直 honest and straight-forward
toa 大 大 big
tvy 甜 甜 sweet
voax 晏 晚/遲 late
zar 早 early
zhengkhix 清氣 clean
zøe 濟† 多 plenty; many

Nouns - blood relation and relations by marriage

MTL THJ MSM ENG
acie 阿姊 older sister
acirm 阿嬸 the wife of one’s father’s younger brother
afng 翁 husband
ahviaf 阿兄 older brother
akim 阿妗 wife of maternal uncle
akofng 阿公 grandfather
aku 阿舅 mother’s brother
amar 阿媽 grandmother
amr 阿姆 the wife of one’s father’s older brother
apeq 阿伯 father’s older brother
azeg 阿叔 father’s younger brother
bor 某† 妻 wife
gyn'ar 囡仔† 孩子 kids
hauxsvef 後生 兒子 son
khanchiuo`ee 牽手 wife
kviafsaix 囝婿 son-in-law
kviar 囝 子 child; son
mamaf (mafmaq) 媽媽 mother
papaf (apaq) 爸爸 father
Siensvy 先生 Mr.; Sir (see Siensvy)
simpu (sinpu) 新婦 媳婦 daughter-in-law
siøfmoe 小妹 younger sister
siøfti 小弟 younger brother
sixtoa 序大 the senior; elder
sun'ar 孫仔‡ grandchildren
takef 大家‡ 婆婆 husband’s mother
takvoaf 大官‡ 公公 husband’s father
tangmngg`ee 同門的‡ 連襟 the men whose wives are sisters
tangsai'ar (tangsai) 同姒 妯娌 the women whose husbands are brothers (tangsai)
Thaethaix 太太 Mrs.
tviuxlaang 丈人‡ 岳父 wife’s father
tviuxmr 丈姆 wife’s mother
zabor-kviar 查某囝 daughter
zapof-kviar 查埔囝 son

Nouns describing body (sengkhw)

MTL THJ MSM ENG
axmkurn 頷頸‡ neck
bagbaai 目眉 eye brow
bagciw 目睭‡ 眼睛 eye
chiuo 手 hands
chiwkhiaw 手曲 elbow
exhaai 下頦 lower jaw
hengkharm 胸坎 chest; thorax
hvi 耳 ears
hvixkhafng 耳空 ear hole/ear
hvixzw 耳珠 ear lobe
kengkahthaau 肩胛頭 shoulder
khachiuo 跤手 手和腳 foot and hands
khaf 跤 腳 legs
khazhngf 尻川† 臀 buttocks
na'aau 嚨喉 咽喉 throat
paktor 腹肚 stomach
phvi (phvi'ar) 鼻 nose
sengkhw 身軀 trunk; body
thaukhag 頭殼 head
thaumngg 頭毛 hair
thauzafng 頭鬃 hair
toxzaai 肚臍 belly button
zhuie'extao 喙下斗 lower jaw
zhuiekhie 喙齒 teeth
zhuietuun 喙脣 lips
zhuix 喙 mouth

Nouns - general use

MTL THJ MSM ENG
kankhor 艱苦 hardship
loxeng/loxiong 路用 use
miqkvia 物件 thing
paxnsex 範勢 辦勢 condition; situation
sapbuun 雪文‡ soap
senglie 生理 生意 business
sihnaq 爍爁† 閃電 lightning
sofzai 所在 place; location
taixcix 代誌‡ 事情 thing
zhuopvy 厝邊 neighbor

Nouns - Time (sikafn)

See also: sikafn

MTL THJ MSM ENG
armsii 暗時 at night; night time
armthau'ar 暗頭仔‡ evening
au`jit 後日 the day after tomorrow
auxjit 後日 幾天後 some other day in the future
bin'afzaix/mia'afzaix 明仔載‡ tomorrow
bømee-bøjit 無暝無日 day in day out
cidtiafm'ar-kuo 一點仔久‡ only a little bit long
cidtiap'afkuo 一霎仔†久 in a moment
cirnzeeng 進前 無多久以前 not long ago
citmar 這馬† 現在 right now
citzun 這陣† 這時 right now
e'hngf 下昏‡ 今昏 tonight
e'axm 下昏暗‡ 今暗/今晚 tonight
etaux 下晝‡ 今罩/今午 this afternoon
expof 下晡 afternoon
extaux 下晝 afternoon
hiexntai 現代 modern
hiøhjoah 歇熱 summer vacation
hiøhkvoaa 歇寒 winter vacation
jit`sii 日時 day time
joaqthvy 熱天 summer
khahtheng'ar 較停仔‡ in a very short time
kin'afjit 今仔日‡ today
kinnii 今年 this year
køeakhix 過去 in the past
kofzar 古早 long long ago
kuxnii 舊年 last year
kvoathvy 寒天 winter
Lefpaix-jit 禮拜日 Sunday
Pae'id 拜一 禮拜一 Monday
Pae'ji 拜二 禮拜二 Tuesday
Pae'svaf 拜三 禮拜三 Wednesday
Pae'six 拜四 禮拜四 Thursday
Pae'go 拜五 禮拜五 Friday
Pae'lak 拜六 禮拜六 Saturday
sincviaf 新正 Lunar New Year
tangthvy 冬天 winter
thao'axm 透暗 all night; very late at night
thaomee/thaomii 透暝 all night
thaozar 透早 very early in the morning
thaozar-thao'axm 透早透暗 day or night
thautwar 頭拄仔‡ not long ago
thvy-kngf 天光 dawn; at dawn
tiongtaux 中晝 noon
tviaxtvia 定定 quite often
twciaq 拄才‡ 剛剛 just now; just a moment ago
za'axm 昨暗 last night
zafban 早慢 sooner or later
zafkhie 早起 morning
za'hngf/zaqhngf 昨昏 昨天 yesterday
zhunthvy 春天 春天 spring
zøh`jit 昨日 前天 the day before yesterday
zuun`nii 前年‡ the year before last year

Chviar Zhamkhør

Siongkoafn

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