Taiwanese words from Japanese: Difference between revisions

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Extensive contact with the Japanese language has left a legacy of Japanese loanwords. 172 are recorded in the Ministry of Education's [[Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan]]. Here is a sampling of '''Taiwanese words from Japanese'''
Extensive contact with the Japanese language has left a legacy of '''Japanese loanwords'''. Here is a sampling.


==Taigie Hoat'ym ==
Refer to the ''[[Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan]]'' for a table of 172 Japanese loanwords (we have annotated MTL and English).
{|  class="wikitable"
 
! MTL || Nihongo || Hiragana || Romaji || Mandarin || Engguo
== Taiwanese pronunciation ==
These words use Taiwanese pronunciation (Hokkien phonology; ''Taiguo Hoat'ym''). A number of these are [[Wasei-kango]].
 
{|  class="wikitable sortable"
! MTL || Japanese || Hiragana || Romaji || Mandarin || English
|-
|-
| [[piexntofng]]||弁当||べんとう||bentō||餐盒||lunch (prepared beforehand)/lunchbox/bento box
| [[piexntofng]]||弁当||べんとう||bentō||餐盒||lunch (prepared beforehand)/lunchbox/bento box
Line 43: Line 47:
| [[baxnlienpid]]||万年筆||まんねんひつ||man'nenhitsu||鋼筆||fountain pen
| [[baxnlienpid]]||万年筆||まんねんひつ||man'nenhitsu||鋼筆||fountain pen
|-
|-
| [[pahhoeatiaxm]]||百貨店||ひゃっかてん||hyakkaten||百貨公司||department store
| [[pahhøex-tiaxm]]||百貨店||ひゃっかてん||hyakkaten||百貨公司||department store
|-
|-
| [[oexsefng]]-...||衛生||えいせい||eisei||衛生||hygienic/sanitary/hygiene/sanitation
| [[oexsefng]]-...||衛生||えいせい||eisei||衛生||hygienic/sanitary/hygiene/sanitation
Line 54: Line 58:
== Japanese words commonly used by Taiwanese speakers ==
== Japanese words commonly used by Taiwanese speakers ==
These are more or less spoken with Japanese pronunciation even if written in [[Harnji]].
These are more or less spoken with Japanese pronunciation even if written in [[Harnji]].
{|  class="wikitable"
{|  class="wikitable sortable"
! MTL || Romaji || Kanji || Kana || Engguo
! MTL || Romaji || Kanji || Kana || English
|-
|-
| [[nofliq]]||nori||海苔||のり||nori (seaweed)
| [[nofliq]]||nori||海苔||のり||nori (seaweed)
|-
|-
| {{x2|anykhiq}}||aniki||{{wt|兄貴}}||あにき||an elder brother, someone who is considered one's senior
|[[anykhiq]]||aniki||{{wt|兄貴}}||あにき||an elder brother, someone who is considered one's senior
|-
|-
| [[sasymiq]]||sashimi||刺身||さしみ||sashimi
| [[sasymiq]]||sashimi||刺身||さしみ||sashimi
Line 67: Line 71:
| [[swsiq]]||sushi||寿司||すし||sushi
| [[swsiq]]||sushi||寿司||すし||sushi
|-
|-
| [[ojysarng]]||ojiisan||小父さん||おじさん||man/uncle
| [[ojysarng]]||ojisan||小父さん||おじさん||man/uncle
|-
|-
| [[obafsarng]]||obāsan||お婆さん||おばあさん||grandma/old woman  
| [[obafsarng]]||obāsan||お婆さん||おばあさん||grandma/old woman  
Line 77: Line 81:
| [[kharsaxng]]||kāsan||母さん||かあさん||mother
| [[kharsaxng]]||kāsan||母さん||かあさん||mother
|-
|-
| [[Jidpurn barnggaq|barnggaq]]||manga||漫画||まんが||manga
| [[Jidpurn barnggaq|barnggaq]]||manga||漫画||まんが|| comics; caricature; cartoon; manga; manhua
|-
|-
| [[torsaxng]]||tōsan||父さん||とうさん||father
| [[torsaxng]]||tōsan||父さん||とうさん||father
Line 83: Line 87:
| [[thathafmiq]]||tatami||疊||たたみ||tatami mat
| [[thathafmiq]]||tatami||疊||たたみ||tatami mat
|-
|-
| [[khangparng]]||kampan||看板||かんばん||kanban (signboard)
| [[khaangparng]]||kampan||看板||かんばん||kanban (signboard)
|-
|-
| [[urnciaxng]]||unchan||運ちゃん||うんちゃん||driver
| [[urnciaxng]]||unchan||運ちゃん||うんちゃん||driver
Line 98: Line 102:
|}
|}
More:
More:
*Food: [[tholo]], [[thakkhoq]], [[ageq]], [[oliern]], [[yōkan]]
* Food: [[tholo]], [[thakkhoq]], [[ageq]], [[oliern]], [[yōkan]]
*Family: [[nisaxng]], (asarng)
* Family: [[nisaxng]], (asarng)
*Exclamations: hesiox, isiox


== from English via Japanese ==
== from English via Japanese ==
Main Article: [[Taiwanese words from English]]
Main Article: [[Taiwanese words from English]]
{|  class="wikitable"
{|  class="wikitable sortable"
! MTL || Engbuun || Nihongo || Romaji
! MTL || English || Japanese || Romaji
|-
|-
| [[alwmiq]]||aluminum||アルミ||arumi
| [[alwmiq]]||aluminum||アルミ||arumi
Line 125: Line 128:
| [[hotefluq]]||hotel||ホテル||hoteru
| [[hotefluq]]||hotel||ホテル||hoteru
|-
|-
| [[ienjirn]]||engine||エンジン||enjin
| [[ieenjirn]]||engine||エンジン||enjin
|-
|-
| [[khameflaq]]||camera||カメラ||kamera
| [[khameflaq]]||camera||カメラ||kamera
Line 133: Line 136:
| [[kheciappuq]]||ketchup||ケチャップ||kechappu
| [[kheciappuq]]||ketchup||ケチャップ||kechappu
|-
|-
| [[khongkuhliq]]||concrete (building material)||コンクリート||konkurīto
| [[khoxngkulie]]||concrete (building material)||コンクリート||konkurīto
|-
|-
| [[khulymuq]]||cream||クリーム||kurīmu
| [[khuliemux]]||cream||クリーム||kurīmu
|-
|-
| [[khyloq]]||kilo||キロ||kiro
| [[khyloq]]||kilo||キロ||kiro
Line 149: Line 152:
| [[melorng]]||melon||メロン||meron
| [[melorng]]||melon||メロン||meron
|-
|-
| [[nefkhuxthaix]]||necktie||ネクタイ||nekutai
| [[nekuttae]]||necktie||ネクタイ||nekutai
|-
|-
| [[phiernciq]]||pincher/pliers||ペンチ||penchi
| [[phiernciq]]||pincher/pliers||ペンチ||penchi
Line 159: Line 162:
| [[sulitpaq]]||slippers||スリッパ||surippa
| [[sulitpaq]]||slippers||スリッパ||surippa
|-
|-
| [[thaeiaq]]||tire||タイヤ||taiya
| [[thaeiax]]||tire||タイヤ||taiya
|-
|-
| [[thenysuq]]||tennis||テニス||tenisu
| [[thenysuq]]||tennis||テニス||tenisu
|-
|-
| [[tholafkux]]||truck||トラック||torakku
| [[tholafkhuq]]||truck||トラック||torakku
|-
|-
| [[thomaftoq]]||tomato||トマト||tomato
| [[thomaftoq]]||tomato||トマト||tomato
Line 170: Line 173:
== from Portuguese via Japanese ==
== from Portuguese via Japanese ==
{|  class="wikitable"
{|  class="wikitable"
! MTL || Engbuun || Nihongo || Romaji || Portuguese
! MTL || English || Japanese || Romaji || Portuguese
|-
|-
| [[pharng]] || bread || [[wikt:パン|パン]] || pan || pão
| [[pharng]] || bread || [[wikt:パン|パン]] || pan || pão
|-
|-
| [[thienpwlaq]] || tempura || [[wikt:天ぷら|天ぷら]] || tenpura || tempero
| [[thieenpwlaq]] || tempura || [[wikt:天ぷら|天ぷら]] || tenpura || tempero
|}
|}


==Placenames==
== Placenames ==
*see [[Taiwan placenames originating from Japanese rule]]
* see [[Taiwan placenames originating from Japanese rule]]


== See Also ==
== See Also ==
*[[More Taiwanese words from Japanese]]
* [[More Taiwanese words from Japanese]]
*[[Sample of vocabulary Taiwanese shares with Japanese]]


== Zhamkhør ==
== References ==
*{{z|臺灣閩南語常用外來語}}
* [http://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/index/fulu_wailaici.jsp 外來詞] [Loanwords] (in Chinese). ''[[Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan]]''. Ministry of Education (2011).
*{{j|台湾語}}
* Mair, V. (1992) ''[http://www.sino-platonic.org/complete/spp034_sinolinguistics_fanqie.pdf East Asian Round-Trip Words]'' in ''Sino-Platonic Papers'' ('''34''')
*{{z|臺灣話}}
*[[Taioaan Banlamguo Siong'iong-Suu Sutiern]]: [http://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/index/fulu_wailaici.jsp fulu_wailaici.jsp]
*[http://www.sino-platonic.org/complete/spp034_sinolinguistics_fanqie.pdf East Asian Round-Trip Words] by {{w|Victor H. Mair}}


[[Category:Taiwanese words from Japanese]]
[[Category:Taiwanese words from Japanese]]

Latest revision as of 07:36, 26 March 2024

Extensive contact with the Japanese language has left a legacy of Japanese loanwords. Here is a sampling.

Refer to the Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan for a table of 172 Japanese loanwords (we have annotated MTL and English).

Taiwanese pronunciation

These words use Taiwanese pronunciation (Hokkien phonology; Taiguo Hoat'ym). A number of these are Wasei-kango.

MTL Japanese Hiragana Romaji Mandarin English
piexntofng 弁当 べんとう bentō 餐盒 lunch (prepared beforehand)/lunchbox/bento box
bixsox 味の素 あじのもと ajinomoto 味精 monosodium glutamate(MSG)/gourmet powder/Accent/Ajinomoto
khawzø 口座 こうざ kōza 帳戶 (bank, computer, etc.) account
zhuttviw 出張 しゅっちょう shutchō 出差 official tour; business trip
chiwheeng 手形 てがた tegata 支票 a bill, a note, a draft
zuobuun 注文 ちゅうもん chūmon 訂購 order (merchandise)
kiehux 寄付 きふ kifu 捐獻 donate (money or land)/donation/donate (money or land)
arnnai 案内 あんない annai 安撫 to guide/entertain (a guest)/accompany
zuytø 水道 すいどう suidō 水管 water pipe/hose
horngsaxng 放送 ほうそう hōsō 廣播 to broadcast
iupien 郵便 ゆうびん yūbin 郵件 mail/post
piexnsor 便所 べんじょ benjo 廁所 toilet/water closet
pvixvi 病院 びょういん byōin 醫院 hospital
zuosia 注射 ちゅうしゃ chūsha 打針 injection/give an injection
kiernpurn 見本 みほん mihon 樣品 sample , example
huilengky 飛行機 ひこうき hikōki 飛機 airplane
zuxzoafnchiaf 自転車 じてんしゃ jitensha 自行車 bicycle
toaxthofng 大通り おおどおり ōdōri 大馬路 Big street/avenue/main street
baxnlienpid 万年筆 まんねんひつ man'nenhitsu 鋼筆 fountain pen
pahhøex-tiaxm 百貨店 ひゃっかてん hyakkaten 百貨公司 department store
oexsefng-... 衛生 えいせい eisei 衛生 hygienic/sanitary/hygiene/sanitation
zwgi 主義 しゅぎ shugi 主義 doctrine
kengzex 経済 けいざい keizai 經濟 economy

Japanese words commonly used by Taiwanese speakers

These are more or less spoken with Japanese pronunciation even if written in Harnji.

MTL Romaji Kanji Kana English
nofliq nori 海苔 のり nori (seaweed)
anykhiq aniki 兄貴 あにき an elder brother, someone who is considered one's senior
sasymiq sashimi 刺身 さしみ sashimi
mysoq miso 味噌 みそ miso
swsiq sushi 寿司 すし sushi
ojysarng ojisan 小父さん おじさん man/uncle
obafsarng obāsan お婆さん おばあさん grandma/old woman
oasafbiq wasabi 山葵 わさび wasabi
hinofkhiq hinoki 檜 ひのき Japanese cypress
kharsaxng kāsan 母さん かあさん mother
barnggaq manga 漫画 まんが comics; caricature; cartoon; manga; manhua
torsaxng tōsan 父さん とうさん father
thathafmiq tatami 疊 たたみ tatami mat
khaangparng kampan 看板 かんばん kanban (signboard)
urnciaxng unchan 運ちゃん うんちゃん driver
khabarng kaban 鞄 かばん baggage, luggage
lirngox ringo 林檎 りんご apple
zunafmiq tsunami 津波/津浪 つなみ tsunami
khimofciq kimochi 気持ち きもち emotion/mood
asaflix assari あっさり straightforward/clear cut

More:

from English via Japanese

Main Article: Taiwanese words from English

MTL English Japanese Romaji
alwmiq aluminum アルミ arumi
aozuq out! (baseball) アウト auto
baftaq butter バター batā
bakkuq (v) to go back バック bakku
ciokofleatox chocolate チョコレート chokorēto
gafsuq gas (from Dutch) ガス gasu
gietax guitar ギター gitā
haantofluq steering wheel (handle) ハンドル handoru
hotefluq hotel ホテル hoteru
ieenjirn engine エンジン enjin
khameflaq camera カメラ kamera
khatiern curtain カーテン kāten
kheciappuq ketchup ケチャップ kechappu
khoxngkulie concrete (building material) コンクリート konkurīto
khuliemux cream クリーム kurīmu
khyloq kilo キロ kiro
laetaq lighter (fire making device) ライター raitā
lajyoq radio ラジオ rajio
lolaebax screwdriver ドライバー doraibā
maekux mike (microphone) マイク maiku
melorng melon メロン meron
nekuttae necktie ネクタイ nekutai
phiernciq pincher/pliers ペンチ penchi
saesux size サイズ saizu
sietzuq shirt シャツ shatsu
sulitpaq slippers スリッパ surippa
thaeiax tire タイヤ taiya
thenysuq tennis テニス tenisu
tholafkhuq truck トラック torakku
thomaftoq tomato トマト tomato

from Portuguese via Japanese

MTL English Japanese Romaji Portuguese
pharng bread パン pan pão
thieenpwlaq tempura 天ぷら tenpura tempero

Placenames

See Also

References

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