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Taiwanese words from Japanese: Difference between revisions
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Extensive contact with the Japanese language has left a legacy of '''Japanese loanwords'''. Here is a sampling. | |||
Refer to the ''[[Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan]]'' for a table of 172 Japanese loanwords (we have annotated MTL and English). | |||
== | == Taiwanese pronunciation == | ||
These words use Taiwanese pronunciation (Hokkien phonology; ''Taiguo Hoat'ym''). A number of these are [[Wasei-kango]]. | |||
{| | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
! MTL || Japanese || Hiragana || Romaji || Mandarin || English | |||
| | |- | ||
| | | [[piexntofng]]||弁当||べんとう||bentō||餐盒||lunch (prepared beforehand)/lunchbox/bento box | ||
| | |- | ||
| [[bixsox]]||味の素||あじのもと||ajinomoto||味精||monosodium glutamate(MSG)/gourmet powder/Accent/Ajinomoto | |||
|- | |||
| [[khawzø]]||口座||こうざ||kōza||帳戶||(bank, computer, etc.) account | |||
|- | |||
| [[zhuttviw]]||出張||しゅっちょう||shutchō||出差||official tour; business trip | |||
|- | |||
| [[chiwheeng]]||手形||てがた||tegata||支票||a bill, a note, a draft | |||
|- | |||
| [[zuobuun]]||注文||ちゅうもん||chūmon||訂購||order (merchandise) | |||
|- | |||
| [[kiehux]]||寄付||きふ||kifu||捐獻||donate (money or land)/donation/donate (money or land) | |||
|- | |||
| [[arnnai]]||案内||あんない||annai||安撫||to guide/entertain (a guest)/accompany | |||
|- | |||
| [[zuytø]]||水道||すいどう||suidō||水管||water pipe/hose | |||
|- | |||
| [[horngsaxng]]||放送||ほうそう||hōsō||廣播||to broadcast | |||
|- | |||
| [[iupien]]||郵便||ゆうびん||yūbin||郵件||mail/post | |||
|- | |||
| [[piexnsor]]||便所||べんじょ||benjo||廁所||toilet/water closet | |||
|- | |||
| [[pvixvi]]||病院||びょういん||byōin||醫院||hospital | |||
|- | |||
| [[zuosia]]||注射||ちゅうしゃ||chūsha||打針||injection/give an injection | |||
|- | |||
| [[kiernpurn]]||見本||みほん||mihon||樣品||sample , example | |||
|- | |||
| [[huilengky]]||飛行機||ひこうき||hikōki||飛機||airplane | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[zuxzoafnchiaf]]||自転車||じてんしゃ||jitensha||自行車||bicycle | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[toaxthofng]]||大通り||おおどおり||ōdōri||大馬路||Big street/avenue/main street | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[baxnlienpid]]||万年筆||まんねんひつ||man'nenhitsu||鋼筆||fountain pen | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[pahhøex-tiaxm]]||百貨店||ひゃっかてん||hyakkaten||百貨公司||department store | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[oexsefng]]-...||衛生||えいせい||eisei||衛生||hygienic/sanitary/hygiene/sanitation | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[zwgi]]||主義||しゅぎ||shugi||主義||doctrine | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[kengzex]]||経済||けいざい||keizai||經濟||economy | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Japanese words commonly used by Taiwanese speakers == | == Japanese words commonly used by Taiwanese speakers == | ||
{| | These are more or less spoken with Japanese pronunciation even if written in [[Harnji]]. | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | |||
| | ! MTL || Romaji || Kanji || Kana || English | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[nofliq]]||nori||海苔||のり||nori (seaweed) | | [[nofliq]]||nori||海苔||のり||nori (seaweed) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[anykhiq]]||aniki||兄貴||あにき||an elder brother, someone who is considered one's senior | |[[anykhiq]]||aniki||{{wt|兄貴}}||あにき||an elder brother, someone who is considered one's senior | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[sasymiq]]||sashimi||刺身||さしみ||sashimi | | [[sasymiq]]||sashimi||刺身||さしみ||sashimi | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[mysoq]]||miso||味噌||みそ||miso | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[swsiq]]||sushi||寿司||すし||sushi | | [[swsiq]]||sushi||寿司||すし||sushi | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ojysarng]]||ojisan||小父さん||おじさん||man/uncle | | [[ojysarng]]||ojisan||小父さん||おじさん||man/uncle | ||
|- | |||
| [[obafsarng]]||obāsan||お婆さん||おばあさん||grandma/old woman | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[oasafbiq]]||wasabi||山葵||わさび||wasabi | | [[oasafbiq]]||wasabi||山葵||わさび||wasabi | ||
| Line 81: | Line 79: | ||
| [[hinofkhiq]]||hinoki||檜||ひのき||Japanese cypress | | [[hinofkhiq]]||hinoki||檜||ひのき||Japanese cypress | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[kharsaxng]]|| | | [[kharsaxng]]||kāsan||母さん||かあさん||mother | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Jidpurn barnggaq|barnggaq]]||manga||漫画||まんが|| comics; caricature; cartoon; manga; manhua | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[torsaxng]]|| | | [[torsaxng]]||tōsan||父さん||とうさん||father | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[thathafmiq]]||tatami||疊||たたみ||tatami mat | | [[thathafmiq]]||tatami||疊||たたみ||tatami mat | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[khaangparng]]||kampan||看板||かんばん||kanban (signboard) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[urnciaxng]]||unchan||運ちゃん||うんちゃん||driver | | [[urnciaxng]]||unchan||運ちゃん||うんちゃん||driver | ||
| Line 97: | Line 95: | ||
| [[lirngox]]||ringo||林檎||りんご||apple | | [[lirngox]]||ringo||林檎||りんご||apple | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[zunafmiq]]||tsunami||津波/津浪||つなみ||tsunami | ||
|- | |||
| [[khimofciq]]||kimochi||気持ち||きもち||emotion/mood | |||
|- | |||
| [[asaflix]]||assari || ||あっさり ||straightforward/clear cut | |||
|} | |} | ||
* | More: | ||
* Food: [[tholo]], [[thakkhoq]], [[ageq]], [[oliern]], [[yōkan]] | |||
* Family: [[nisaxng]], (asarng) | |||
== from English via Japanese == | |||
Main Article: [[Taiwanese words from English]] | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | |||
! MTL || English || Japanese || Romaji | |||
|- | |||
| [[alwmiq]]||aluminum||アルミ||arumi | |||
|- | |||
| aozuq||out! ([[baseball]])||アウト||auto | |||
|- | |||
| [[baftaq]]||butter||バター||batā | |||
|- | |||
| [[bakkuq]]||(v) to go back||バック||bakku | |||
|- | |||
| [[ciokofleatox]]||chocolate||チョコレート||chokorēto | |||
|- | |||
| [[gafsuq]]|| gas (from Dutch) ||ガス||gasu | |||
|- | |||
| [[gietax]]||guitar||ギター||gitā | |||
|- | |||
| [[haantofluq]]||steering wheel (handle)||ハンドル||handoru | |||
|- | |||
| [[hotefluq]]||hotel||ホテル||hoteru | |||
|- | |||
| [[ieenjirn]]||engine||エンジン||enjin | |||
|- | |||
| [[khameflaq]]||camera||カメラ||kamera | |||
|- | |||
| [[khatiern]]||curtain||カーテン||kāten | |||
|- | |||
| [[kheciappuq]]||ketchup||ケチャップ||kechappu | |||
|- | |||
| [[khoxngkulie]]||concrete (building material)||コンクリート||konkurīto | |||
|- | |||
| [[khuliemux]]||cream||クリーム||kurīmu | |||
|- | |||
| [[khyloq]]||kilo||キロ||kiro | |||
|- | |||
| [[laetaq]]||lighter (fire making device)||ライター||raitā | |||
|- | |||
| [[lajyoq]]||radio||ラジオ||rajio | |||
|- | |||
| [[lolaebax]]||screwdriver||ドライバー||doraibā | |||
|- | |||
| [[maekux]]||mike (microphone)||マイク||maiku | |||
|- | |||
| [[melorng]]||melon||メロン||meron | |||
|- | |||
| [[nekuttae]]||necktie||ネクタイ||nekutai | |||
|- | |||
| [[phiernciq]]||pincher/pliers||ペンチ||penchi | |||
|- | |||
| [[saesux]]||size||サイズ||saizu | |||
|- | |||
| [[sietzuq]]||shirt||シャツ||shatsu | |||
|- | |||
| [[sulitpaq]]||slippers||スリッパ||surippa | |||
|- | |||
| [[thaeiax]]||tire||タイヤ||taiya | |||
|- | |||
| [[thenysuq]]||tennis||テニス||tenisu | |||
|- | |||
| [[tholafkhuq]]||truck||トラック||torakku | |||
|- | |||
| [[thomaftoq]]||tomato||トマト||tomato | |||
|} | |||
== from Portuguese via Japanese == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! MTL || English || Japanese || Romaji || Portuguese | |||
|- | |||
| [[pharng]] || bread || [[wikt:パン|パン]] || pan || pão | |||
|- | |||
| [[thieenpwlaq]] || tempura || [[wikt:天ぷら|天ぷら]] || tenpura || tempero | |||
|} | |||
== Placenames == | |||
* see [[Taiwan placenames originating from Japanese rule]] | |||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
*[[ | * [[More Taiwanese words from Japanese]] | ||
*[[ | |||
== References == | |||
* [http://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/index/fulu_wailaici.jsp 外來詞] [Loanwords] (in Chinese). ''[[Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan]]''. Ministry of Education (2011). | |||
* Mair, V. (1992) ''[http://www.sino-platonic.org/complete/spp034_sinolinguistics_fanqie.pdf East Asian Round-Trip Words]'' in ''Sino-Platonic Papers'' ('''34''') | |||
[[Category:Taiwanese words from Japanese]] | |||