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|er || [ə] || Schwa / {{w|mid central vowel}} || [[zhanlee|zhanl{{er}}e]], [[jinsym|lins{{er}}fm]] || ~90 | |er || [ə] || Schwa / {{w|mid central vowel}} || [[zhanlee|zhanl{{er}}e]], [[jinsym|lins{{er}}fm]] || ~90 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ere || [əe] || Schwa + e ([[øe]]), exclusive to [[Samkiab-khw|Samkiab]] || {{x|køef}}, [[ | |ere || [əe] || Schwa + e ([[øe]]), exclusive to [[Samkiab-khw|Samkiab]] || {{x|køef}}, [[khøef]], [[tøe]] || 83 | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 18:46, 27 June 2023
TL (臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案; Tâi-uân Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn; MTL: Taioaan Banlaam-guo Lømafji Pheng'ym Hong'axn) is derived from Pe̍h-ōe-jī and has been officially promoted by the Ministry of Education since 2006.
Dialectal Vowels
Symbol r denotes dialectical vowels found in the regions of Lukang, Sanxia, Taipei, Kinmen, Magong, and Hsinchu, which tend toward Zoanciw accent.
| Tâi-lô | IPA | Description | Example (MLT-based) |
# Entries in DFT |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ir | [ɨ] | close central unrounded vowel, between i and u | hɨi, hancɨi, lauxsɨf | 56 |
| er | [ə] | Schwa / mid central vowel | zhanləe, linsəfm | ~90 |
| ere | [əe] | Schwa + e (øe), exclusive to Samkiab | køef, khøef, tøe | 83 |
- ee, the open-mid front unrounded vowel ([ɛ]), is not used in Taiwanese but found in Ciangciw Hokkien
Tone markings
- tone markings:
- Tone 6: still found in Lukang accent
- Tone 9: marked with the double acute accent (e.g. a̋, as in bua̋-kín, contraction of bøo-iaokirn), appears in 16 entries