Personal pronouns: Difference between revisions
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''' | '''{{x|Jinzhefng taixbengsuu}}''' (人稱代名詞; personal pronouns; ref. to {{w|Chinese pronouns}} and {{z|臺灣閩南語常用代名詞}}) | ||
:{| class="wikitable" style="border-width: 0; text-align:center;" | :{| class="wikitable" style="border-width: 0; text-align:center;" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | First <br>person | ! rowspan="2" | First <br>person | ||
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" | | | colspan="4" rowspan="2" | {{wt|我}}<br />'''{{x|goar}}'''<br />I, me | ||
| colspan="2" | '''Exclusive''' | | colspan="2" | '''Exclusive''' | ||
| colspan="2" | '''Inclusive''' | | colspan="2" | '''Inclusive''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | {{tj|阮}}<br />'''{{x|goarn}}''' / '''{{x|gurn}}'''<br />we, us | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | {{tj|咱}}<br />'''{{x|larn}}'''<br />we, us | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Second <br>person | ! rowspan="2" | Second <br>person | ||
| colspan="2" | '''Informal''' | | colspan="2" | '''Informal''' | ||
| colspan="2" | '''Formal''' | | colspan="2" | '''Formal''' | ||
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" | | | colspan="4" rowspan="2" | {{tj|恁}}<br />'''{{x|lirn}}'''<br />you | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | {{tj|你}}<br />'''{{x|lie}}'''<br />you | ||
| colspan="2" | n/a<br />n/a<br />n/a | | colspan="2" | n/a<br />n/a<br />n/a | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Third <br>person | ! Third <br>person | ||
| colspan="4" | | | colspan="4" | {{wt|伊}}<br />'''{{x|y}}''', '''{{x|yi}}''' <br />he, she, him, her | ||
| colspan="4" | | | colspan="4" | {{tj|𪜶}}<br />'''{{x|yn}}'''<br />they, them | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Goar== | ==Goar== | ||
{{gs|goar|我|I; me}} | |||
* | *see also: [[zuxgvor]] | ||
==Goarn== | ==Goarn== | ||
{{gt|goarn|阮|we (exclusive)}}, {{x|gurn}} | |||
* usually means "we" (not including listener). Can also mean you (singular) in a polite manner. For example, "How are we doing today?" to really mean "How are you doing today?" | |||
*usually means "we" (not including listener). Can also mean you (singular) in a polite manner. For example, "How are we doing today?" to really mean "How are you doing today?" | |||
*"Lie aix khix tøfui?" (normal) | *"Lie aix khix tøfui?" (normal) | ||
*A girl asks her boyfriend, "Goarn aix khix tøfui?" (polite). Equivalent to "Lie aix..." but it's more inclusive. | *A girl asks her boyfriend, "Goarn aix khix tøfui?" (polite). Equivalent to "Lie aix..." but it's more inclusive. | ||
*[[goarn-taw]], goarn-[[amar]] | |||
*'''Gurn''' is more common in the north | '''goarn-''', '''gurn-''' | ||
*However, in Tailaam, goarn is used | * my, our, as in '''[[goarn-taw]]''', '''goarn-[[amar]]''' | ||
* '''Gurn-''' is more common in the '''north''' | |||
* '''Goarn-''' is used in the '''south''' (Tafkao, Tailaam) | |||
**However, in Tailaam, '''goarn-''' is used by males; females use '''gurn-''' | |||
==Larn== | ==Larn== | ||
{{gt|larn|咱|we (inclusive)}} | |||
*The inclusive "larn" may be used to express politeness or solidarity, as in the example of a speaker asking a stranger "Where do we live?", but meaning "Where do you live?". | *The inclusive "larn" may be used to express politeness or solidarity, as in the example of a speaker asking a stranger "Where do we live?", but meaning "Where do you live?". | ||
**Speaker asks stranger, "Larn toax ti tøfui?" | **Speaker asks stranger, "Larn toax ti tøfui?" | ||
**Speaker means, "Lie toax ti tøfui?" in a polite manner. | **Speaker means, "Lie toax ti tøfui?" in a polite manner. | ||
==Lie== | |||
{{gs|lie|汝|(''singular'') you}} | |||
==Lirn== | ==Lirn== | ||
{{Greetings_to_the_Universe_in_Amoy}} | |||
{{gt|lirn|恁|(''plural'') you / (''possessive'') your}} | |||
;[[Thaekhofng]] peng'iuo, [[lirn hør]]! :Friends from outer space, hello! | |||
;Lirn-taw ti tøfui? :Where is your home/house? | |||
== Siongkoafn == | |||
* | *[[Possessive]]s | ||
[[Category: Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji]] | [[Category: Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:22, 3 August 2022
Jinzhefng taixbengsuu (人稱代名詞; personal pronouns; ref. to Chinese pronouns and 臺灣閩南語常用代名詞)
Personal pronouns Person Singular Plural First
person我
goar
I, meExclusive Inclusive 阮†
goarn / gurn
we, us咱†
larn
we, usSecond
personInformal Formal 恁†
lirn
you你†
lie
youn/a
n/a
n/aThird
person伊
y, yi
he, she, him, her𪜶†
yn
they, them
Goar
- see also: zuxgvor
Goarn
goarn (阮† we (exclusive)), gurn
- usually means "we" (not including listener). Can also mean you (singular) in a polite manner. For example, "How are we doing today?" to really mean "How are you doing today?"
- "Lie aix khix tøfui?" (normal)
- A girl asks her boyfriend, "Goarn aix khix tøfui?" (polite). Equivalent to "Lie aix..." but it's more inclusive.
goarn-, gurn-
- my, our, as in goarn-taw, goarn-amar
- Gurn- is more common in the north
- Goarn- is used in the south (Tafkao, Tailaam)
- However, in Tailaam, goarn- is used by males; females use gurn-
Larn
- The inclusive "larn" may be used to express politeness or solidarity, as in the example of a speaker asking a stranger "Where do we live?", but meaning "Where do you live?".
- Speaker asks stranger, "Larn toax ti tøfui?"
- Speaker means, "Lie toax ti tøfui?" in a polite manner.
Lie
Lirn
lirn (恁† (plural) you / (possessive) your)
- Thaekhofng peng'iuo, lirn hør!
- Friends from outer space, hello!
- Lirn-taw ti tøfui?
- Where is your home/house?