Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji: Difference between revisions
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'''{{ | '''{{tts|Taiguo Siong'iong 460 ji|Taiguo Siong'iong siepaq lagzap ji}}''' (台語常用460字; 460 Common Taiwanese Words) written in [[MTL]] with [[Engguo|English]] definitions. Source: [http://learntaiwanese.org/english/misc/460ji.htm Taiguo Siong’iong 460-ji] (台語文協會/2004年黃美雲整理) Note: the Taiwanese [[Harnji]] shown are not necessarily standard. | ||
== Personal pronouns == | == Personal pronouns == | ||
| Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
! MTL || THJ || Hoaguo || Engguo | ! MTL || THJ || Hoaguo || Engguo | ||
|- | |- | ||
| goar||我||我||I; me | | {{tts|goar|r=2}} ||我||我||I; me | ||
|- | |- | ||
| gurn||{{tj|阮}}||我們/我的||we; us; (not including listener) | | {{tts|gurn|r=2}} ||{{tj|阮}}||我們/我的||we; us; (not including listener) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| goarn||{{tj|阮}}||我/我們/我等/咱們||we; us; (not including listener) | | {{tts|goarn|r=2}} ||{{tj|阮}}||我/我們/我等/咱們||we; us; (not including listener) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[kaki]]||家己||自己||self | | {{tts|[[kaki]]|r=2}} ||{{wt|家己}}||自己||self | ||
|- | |- | ||
| larn||{{tj|咱}}||我們/咱||we; us; (includes listener) | | {{tts|larn|r=2}} ||{{tj|咱}}||我們/咱||we; us; (includes listener) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| lie||{{tj|你}}/妳||你/妳/汝||you | | {{tts|lie|r=2}} ||{{wt|汝}}/{{tj|你}}/妳||你/妳/汝||you | ||
|- | |- | ||
| lirn||{{tj|恁}}||你們/你的/你們的||you (plural/exclusive) | | {{tts|lirn|r=2}} ||{{tj|恁}}||你們/你的/你們的||you (plural/exclusive) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tag'ee|| | | {{tts|tag'ee|r=2}} ||{{wt|逐个}}||各個/每個||everybody | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[taixkef]]||大家||大家||everybody; all the people | | {{tts|[[taixkef]]|r=2}} ||{{wt|大家}}||大家||everybody; all the people | ||
|- | |- | ||
| y||伊||他/她/祂||he; she; it; his; her | | {{tts|y|r=2}} ||{{wt|伊}}||他/她/祂||he; she; it; his; her | ||
|- | |- | ||
| yn||{{tj| | | {{tts|yn|r=2}} ||{{tj|𪜶}} ||他們/他的||they; them | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 36: | Line 36: | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| cidee|| cid个 ||一個||one | | {{x|cidee}} || cid个 ||一個||one | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ciaf^||{{tj|遮}}||這裡||here | | {{x|ciaf}}^ ||{{tj|遮}}||這裡||here | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ciah'ee/ciafee||{{tj|遮的}}||這些||these | | {{x|ciah'ee}} / {{x|ciafee}}||{{tj|遮的}}||這些||these | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ciahniq'||{{tj|遮爾}} ||這麼||such; so | | ciahniq' ||{{tj|遮爾}} ||這麼||such; so | ||
|- | |- | ||
| cit'ee|| cit个 ||這個||this one | | {{x|cit'ee}} || cit个 ||這個||this one | ||
|- | |- | ||
| citkhoarn||cit款 ||這種/這樣||this kind of | | {{x|citkhoarn}} ||cit款 ||這種/這樣||this kind of | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hef^||{{tj|彼}} ||那||that one | | {{x|hef}}^ ||{{tj|彼}} ||那||that one | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hiah'ee/hiaf`ee||{{tj|遐的}} ||那些||those | | {{x|hiah'ee}} / {{x|hiaf`ee}} ||{{tj|遐的}} ||那些||those | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hiaf^||{{tj|遐}} ||那裡||there | | {{x|hiaf}}^ ||{{tj|遐}} ||那裡||there | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hiahniq'/hiahni||{{tj|遐爾}} ||那麼||in that way | | {{x|hiahniq'}} / {{x|hiahni}} ||{{tj|遐爾}} ||那麼||in that way | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hit'ee|| | | {{x|hit'ee}} ||{{ptj|彼个}} ||那個||that one | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hitkhoarn|| | | {{x|hitkhoarn}} ||{{ptj|彼款}} ||那款||that kind of | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sviafkhoarn|| | | {{x|sviafkhoarn}} ||{{ptj|啥款}} ||怎麼樣||what kind | ||
|- | |- | ||
| symmih'khoarn||symmih款 ||什麼樣||what do you think | | {{x|symmih'khoarn}} ||symmih款 ||什麼樣||what do you think | ||
|- | |- | ||
| zef^||{{tj|這}}||這||this one | | {{x|zef}}^ ||{{tj|這}}||這||this one | ||
|} | |} | ||
[[Tone sandhi]] exceptions: | [[Tone sandhi]] exceptions: | ||
*^: | *^: words that never change tone. | ||
*': words ending with [[vertical typewriter apostrophe|apostrophe]], which will be directly followed by another word with no space. | *': words ending with [[vertical typewriter apostrophe|apostrophe]], which will be directly followed by another word with no space. | ||
| Line 76: | Line 76: | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| joaxkuo||joax久/{{ptj|偌久}} ||多久||how long | | {{tx|joaxkuo}}||joax久/{{ptj|偌久}} ||多久||how long | ||
|- | |- | ||
| joaxtoa||joax大/{{ptj|偌大}}||多大||how big | | joaxtoa||joax大/{{ptj|偌大}}||多大||how big | ||
|- | |- | ||
| joaxzøe||{{tj|偌濟}}||多少||how many; how much | | [[joaxzøe]]||{{tj|偌濟}}||多少||how many; how much | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kuyee||幾个||幾個||how many | | kuyee||幾个||幾個||how many | ||
| Line 120: | Line 120: | ||
== Conjunctions == | == Conjunctions == | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|afnny,afnzvoar,ar,chinchviu,citmar,hafntid,hQfkazaix,iar,in'ui/sofie,kab,kiafmzhae,kaxngkhoarn,koputciofng,lofngzorng,ma,mxbiern,mxkuo,mxna,na,suxnsoax,pwntQea,taxnsi,tiaukafng,tiaukorix,tvaf,twciaq}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 129: | Line 129: | ||
| afnzvoar||afn怎/{{ptj|按怎}}||何以/怎的/怎麼||how | | afnzvoar||afn怎/{{ptj|按怎}}||何以/怎的/怎麼||how | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ar/iao||{{tj|猶}} ||而||but; still (synonym | | ar/iao||{{tj|猶}} ||而||but; still (synonym [[iawkøq]]) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| chinchviu||{{wt|親像}} ||就像||as; such as; as if | | chinchviu||{{wt|親像}} ||就像||as; such as; as if | ||
| Line 145: | Line 145: | ||
| kab||{{bt|佮}}||和||and; with | | kab||{{bt|佮}}||和||and; with | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kiafmzhae||{{ | | {{tx|kiafmzhae}}||{{wt|檢采}}/減采||{{wt|假使}}||perhaps | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kaxngkhoarn||kaxng款/{{ptj|仝款}}/共款 ||一樣/同樣/相同/相像||same ; similar | | kaxngkhoarn||kaxng款/{{ptj|仝款}}/共款 ||一樣/同樣/相同/相像||same ; similar | ||
| Line 179: | Line 179: | ||
== Auxiliary verbs == | == Auxiliary verbs == | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|aix,borng,bøe,bøeq,bøexhiao,bøexsae,bøextaxng,laai,m,maix,mxthafng,øe,øexhiao,øexsae,øextaxng,øextitthafng,phvae,thafng,tiøqaix}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 192: | Line 192: | ||
| bøeq||{{tj|欲}} ||要/如果/快要||want; like | | bøeq||{{tj|欲}} ||要/如果/快要||want; like | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bøexhiao||bøex曉/{{ptj|袂曉}} ||不會||don’t know | | [[bøexhiao]]||bøex曉/{{ptj|袂曉}} ||不會||don’t know | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bøexsae||bøex使/{{ptj|袂使}} ||不可以||it can not be; be not able to | | [[bøexsae]]||bøex使/{{ptj|袂使}} ||不可以||it can not be; be not able to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bøextaxng||bøex當/{{ptj|袂當}} ||未為/不能||it can not be; be not able to | | [[bøextaxng]]||bøex當/{{ptj|袂當}} ||未為/不能||it can not be; be not able to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| laai||{{wt|來}} ||來||let’s ; come | | laai||{{wt|來}} ||來||let’s ; come | ||
| Line 208: | Line 208: | ||
| [[øe]]||{{tj|會}} ||會/能||be able and willing to | | [[øe]]||{{tj|會}} ||會/能||be able and willing to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| øexhiao||øex曉/{{ptj|會曉}} ||能曉/會 ||know | | [[øexhiao]]||øex曉/{{ptj|會曉}} ||能曉/會 ||know | ||
|- | |- | ||
| øexsae||øex使/{{ptj|會使}} ||能使/可以||it may | | [[øexsae]]||øex使/{{ptj|會使}} ||能使/可以||it may | ||
|- | |- | ||
| øextaxng||øex當/{{ptj|會當}} ||能為/可以||be able to | | [[øextaxng]]||øex當/{{ptj|會當}} ||能為/可以||be able to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| øextitthafng||øex得通/{{ptj|會得通}} ||可以||it can be; be able to | | øextitthafng||øex得通/{{ptj|會得通}} ||可以||it can be; be able to | ||
| Line 228: | Line 228: | ||
See also: [[Huosuu]] | See also: [[Huosuu]] | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|bøo-tviutii,ciog,ciu,cyn,cviaa,iao,iawbøe,juo...juo,kaix,kaq,kantvaf,khaq,køhkhaq,køq,kuikhix,liampvy,lorng,luo...luo,niaxnia,siong,sioxngkaix,suii,svakab,sviw,teq,thaix,thaothaux,tø,tvaf hai`aq,twtwafhør}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bøo-tviutii|| | | bøo-tviutii||{{ptj|無張持|bø張持}}||沒注意/不小心||unexpectedly (see {{x|hutjieen}}) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ciog||{{wt|足}}||足/很||very; very much | | ciog||{{wt|足}}||足/很||very; very much | ||
| Line 245: | Line 245: | ||
| iao||{{tj|猶}} ||還/尚|| still; yet | | iao||{{tj|猶}} ||還/尚|| still; yet | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[iawbøe]]|| | | [[iawbøe]]||{{ptj|猶未|iaw未}} ||尚未||not yet | ||
|- | |- | ||
| juo...juo||愈…愈 ({{wt|愈}})||愈…愈||the more…the more | | juo...juo||愈…愈 ({{wt|愈}})||愈…愈||the more…the more | ||
| Line 295: | Line 295: | ||
== Prepositions == | == Prepositions == | ||
(介詞) {{ | (介詞) {{tts|Listen|ciaux,ciofng,ho,ka,kab,kaux,kuozai,pie,suizai,ti,tiaxm,ti teq,tngf,tuix,tuy,uixtiøh}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 322: | Line 322: | ||
| tiaxm||{{tj|踮}} ||站/在||at; in | | tiaxm||{{tj|踮}} ||站/在||at; in | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ti teq||佇leq/{{ptj|佇咧}} ||正在||in the process of | | ti teq / {{x|tixleq}} ||佇leq/{{ptj|佇咧}} ||正在||in the process of | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tngf||{{wt|當}} ||當||when; at that moment | | tngf||{{wt|當}} ||當||when; at that moment | ||
| Line 334: | Line 334: | ||
== Suffix particles indicating mood == | == Suffix particles indicating mood == | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|par`aq. par`ax. par`bøe. par`bøo. par`hvoq. par`jiblaai. par`jibkhix. jip`laai. jip`khix. khix`aq. par`khylaai. par`khykhix. par`khylix. khvoarmai. laq. leq. løq. par`løqkhix. par`løqlaai. oq. øexsae`tid. tiøh}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 385: | Line 385: | ||
See also: [[Toxngsuu]] | See also: [[Toxngsuu]] | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|aix.ao.barn.biq.bøviar.chi.chiaau.chiøf.chitthøo.chviaa.chviar.chviax.chviux.ciah.ciaokhykafng.cym.giaa.giexn.giin.hahhix.hao.haxmbiin.hiaam.hiin.hipsiong.hiøq.hiw.hoaq.i.jiarng.jiog.kaam.kah'ix.kaxn.kerng.khausøea.khaw.khia.khoarn.khuxn.khvoax.kiernsiaux.kiørsi.korng.koxng.køeasyn.kviaa.kvoa.kvoaa`tiøh.laosae.larm.liah.liam.liaqzurn.liaxm.lym.ngx.oar.ølør.parngsag.phag.phahkhachviux.phahphvae`khix.phak jidthaau.pharngkvix.phoarpvi.phvi.phuix.po.poah.poaqkiao.puun.saf.siafphøef.siar.siongpurn.siuu.siuxkhix.soahsoaq`khix.søeaji.søf.søo.suq.tafm.thef.theh.thviaf.tiøo.tngr`khix.tong.tør`leq.tuhkw.zaiviar.zao.zefng.zhamsioong.zhoa.zhoafnkhuix.zhoaq.zhoarnsviu.zhoxng.zhoxng sviar.zhw.zhwn.zng.zuxn}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 524: | Line 524: | ||
| [[phvi (toxngsuu)|phvi]]||{{bt|鼻}} ||聞/嗅||smell | | [[phvi (toxngsuu)|phvi]]||{{bt|鼻}} ||聞/嗅||smell | ||
|- | |- | ||
| phuix | {{tj|呸}} ||吐/翻臉/唾||spit | | phuix || {{tj|呸}} ||吐/翻臉/唾||spit | ||
|- | |- | ||
| po||{{tj|哺}}||哺||chew | | po||{{tj|哺}}||哺||chew | ||
| Line 530: | Line 530: | ||
| poah||{{tj|跋}} ||跌||fall down | | poah||{{tj|跋}} ||跌||fall down | ||
|- | |- | ||
| poaqkiao||{{ptj|跋筊}} ||賭博||gamble | | {{tx|poaqkiao}} ||{{ptj|跋筊}} ||賭博||gamble | ||
|- | |- | ||
| puun||{{wt|歕}}||吹||to blow | | puun||{{wt|歕}}||吹||to blow | ||
| Line 597: | Line 597: | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Adjectives ( | == Adjectives (Heng'iongsuu)== | ||
[[ | [[Heng'iongsuu]] | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|bae.bø'eeng.bøzhae.chirnzhae.chiuchixn.chvihun/zhvehun.cidkoar.cidsi'ar.cidsut'ar.ciør.eng'eeng.gaau.gong.hamban.hiaau.hiafm.høfgiah.høfkhafng.høfsex.huiekhix.hvoahie.ientaau.jixncyn.keksae.khiao.khiarngkhaf.khoaelok.khofng.khor.khunkhiam.kiaam.kirn.kofix.kofzuy.koarnsix.kutlat.kvialaang.lau.lahsab.lixpien.og.phahpviax.phvae.phvaysex.pintvoa.sarnchiaq.segsai.siab.siaolieen.sien.simseg.siok.siøfkhoar.siongpurn.sngf.soong.søex.suie.tarngsngf.taxmpøqar.thiarm.thihkhie.thøfzex.tiaau.tiautit.toa.tvy.voax.zar.zhengkhix.zhwn.zøe}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bae|| {{wt|䆀}} ||醜||ugly; mean | | [[bae]]|| {{wt|䆀}} ||醜||ugly; mean | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bø'eeng||{{ptj|無閒}}||無閑||busy | | bø'eeng||{{ptj|無閒}}||無閑||busy | ||
| Line 631: | Line 631: | ||
| gong||{{wt|戇}}||傻||stupid; silly | | gong||{{wt|戇}}||傻||stupid; silly | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hanban/hamban||{{ptj|頇顢|頇ban}}||愚笨 ||incompetent; clumsy; unskillful | | hanban/[[hamban]]||{{ptj|頇顢|頇ban}}||愚笨 ||incompetent; clumsy; unskillful | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hiaau|| {{tj|嬈}} ||嬲||lascivious; lewd | | hiaau|| {{tj|嬈}} ||嬲||lascivious; lewd | ||
| Line 647: | Line 647: | ||
| hvoahie||{{wt|歡喜}}||高興||glad ; happy | | hvoahie||{{wt|歡喜}}||高興||glad ; happy | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ientaau||{{wt|緣投}}||英俊||handsome | | {{x|ientaau}} ||{{wt|緣投}}||英俊||handsome | ||
|- | |- | ||
| jixncyn||{{wt|認真}} ||認真||serious | | jixncyn||{{wt|認真}} ||認真||serious | ||
| Line 751: | Line 751: | ||
== Nouns - blood relation and relations by marriage == | == Nouns - blood relation and relations by marriage == | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|acie.acirm.afng.ahviaf.akim.akofng.aku.amar.amr.apeq.azeg.bor.gyn'ar.hauxsvy.khanchiuo.kviafsaix.kviar.mamaf.papaf.Siensvy.simpu.siøfmoe.siøfti.sixtoa.sun'ar.takef.takvoaf.tangmngg`ee.tangsai.Thaethaix.tviuxlaang.tviuxmr.zabor-kviar.zapof-kviar}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 826: | Line 826: | ||
== Nouns describing body (sengkhw) == | == Nouns describing body (sengkhw) == | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|axmkurn.bagbaai.bagciw.chiuo.chiwkhiaw.exhaai.hengkharm.hvi.hvixkhafng.hvixzw.kengkahthaau.khachiuo.khaf.khazhngf.na'aau.paktor.phvi (phvi'ar).sengkhw.thaukhag.thaumngg.thauzafng.toxzaai.zhuie'extao.zhuiekhie.zhuietuun.zhuix}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 847: | Line 847: | ||
| [[hvi]]||{{bt|耳}}||||ears | | [[hvi]]||{{bt|耳}}||||ears | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[hvixkhafng]]||耳空||||ear hole/ear | | [[hvixkhafng]]||{{bt|耳空}}||||ear hole/ear | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[hvixzw]]||{{bt|耳珠}}||||ear lobe | | [[hvixzw]]||{{bt|耳珠}}||||ear lobe | ||
| Line 885: | Line 885: | ||
== Nouns - general use == | == Nouns - general use == | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|kankhor.loxiong.loxeng.miqkvia.paxnsex.sapbuun.senglie.sihnax.sofzai.taixcix.zhuopvy}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[kankhor]]||艱苦||||hardship | | [[kankhor]]||{{wt|艱苦}}||||hardship | ||
|- | |- | ||
| loxiong/loxeng||路用||||use | | loxiong/loxeng||{{bt|路用}}||||use | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[miqkvia]]||物件||||thing | | [[miqkvia]]||{{wt|物件}}||||thing | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[paxnsex]]||||辦勢||condition; situation | | [[paxnsex]]||{{bt|範勢}} ||辦勢||condition; situation | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[sapbuun]]||雪文||||soap | | [[sapbuun]]||{{ptj|雪文}}||||soap | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[senglie]]||||生意||business | | [[senglie]]||{{wt|生理}}||生意||business | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[sihnax]]||||閃電||lightning | | [[sihnax]]||{{tj|爍爁}}||閃電||lightning | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[sofzai]]||所在||||place; location | | [[sofzai]]||{{wt|所在}}||||place; location | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[taixcix]]||代誌||事情||thing | | [[taixcix]]||{{ptj|代誌}}||事情||thing | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[zhuopvy]]||厝邊||||neighbor | | [[zhuopvy]]||{{bt|厝邊}}||||neighbor | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 914: | Line 914: | ||
See also: [[sikafn]] | See also: [[sikafn]] | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|armsii. armthau'ar. au`jit. auxjit. bin'afzaix. mia'afzaix. bømii-bøjit. cidtiafm'afkuo. cidtiap'afkuo. cirnzeeng. citmar. citzun. ehngf. eng'axm. etaux. expof. extaux. hiexntai. hiøhjoah. hiøhkvoaa. jit`sii. joaqthvy. khahtheng'ar. kin'afjit. kinnii. kofzar. køeakhix. kuxnii. kvoathvy. Lefpaix-jit. Paix-id. Paix-ji. Paix-svaf. Paix-six. Paix-go. Paix-lak. sincviaf. tangthvy. thao'axm. thaomii. thaozar. thaozar-thao'axm. thautwar. thvikngf. tiongtaux. tviaxtvia. twciaq. za'axm. zafban. zafkhie. zahngf. zhunthvy. zøjit. zuun`nii}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[armsii]]||暗時||||at night; night time | | [[armsii]]||{{wt|暗時}} ||||at night; night time | ||
|- | |- | ||
| armthau'ar|| | | armthau'ar||{{ptj|暗頭仔}}||||evening | ||
|- | |- | ||
| au`jit||後日||||the day after tomorrow | | au`jit||{{wt|後日}}||||the day after tomorrow | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[auxjit]]||||幾天後||some other day in the future | | [[auxjit]]|| {{wt|後日}} ||幾天後||some other day in the future | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[bin'afzaix]]/mia'afzaix ||{{ptj|明仔載}}|| ||tomorrow | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | bømii-bøjit||{{bt|無暝無日}}||||day in day out | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | cidtiafm'ar-kuo||{{ptj|一點仔久}}|| ||only a little bit long | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | cidtiap'ar-kuo||{{tj|一霎仔}}久||||in a moment | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[cirnzeeng]]||{{wt|進前}}||無多久以前||not long ago | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[citmar]]||{{tj|這馬}}||現在||right now | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[citzun]]||{{tj|這陣}}||這時||right now | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ehngf||{{ptj|下昏}} ||今昏||tonight | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | eng'axm|| {{ptj|下昏暗}} ||今暗/今晚||tonight | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | etaux|| {{ptj|下晝}} ||今罩/今午||this afternoon | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[expof]]||{{wt|下晡}}||||afternoon | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[extaux]]||{{wt|下晝}}||||afternoon | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[hiexntai]]||{{wt|現代}}||||modern | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[hiøhjoah]]||{{bt|歇熱}}||||summer vacation | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[hiøhkvoaa]]||{{wt|歇寒}}||||winter vacation | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | jit`sii||{{wt|日時}}||||day time | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[joaqthvy]]||{{wt|熱天}}||||summer | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | khahtheng'ar||{{ptj|較停仔}}||||in a very short time | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[kin'afjit]]||{{ptj|今仔日}}||||today | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | kinnii||{{wt|今年}}||||this year | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | {{x|kofzar}} ||{{wt|古早}}||||long long ago | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[køeakhix]]||{{wt|過去}}||||in the past | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | kuxnii||{{wt|舊年}}||||last year | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[kvoathvy]]||{{wt|寒天}}||||winter | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[Lefpaejit]]||{{wt|禮拜日}}||||Sunday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Paeid]]||拜一||禮拜一||Monday | | [[Paeid]]||{{wt|拜一}}||禮拜一||Monday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Paeji]]||拜二||禮拜二||Tuesday | | [[Paeji]]||{{wt|拜二}}||禮拜二||Tuesday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Paesvaf]]||拜三||禮拜三||Wednesday | | [[Paesvaf]]||{{wt|拜三}}||禮拜三||Wednesday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Paesix]]||拜四||禮拜四||Thursday | | [[Paesix]]||{{wt|拜四}}||禮拜四||Thursday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Paego]]||拜五||禮拜五||Friday | | [[Paego]]||{{wt|拜五}}||禮拜五||Friday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Paelak]]||拜六||禮拜六||Saturday | | [[Paelak]]||{{wt|拜六}}||禮拜六||Saturday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[sincviaf]]||新正||||lunar new year | | [[sincviaf]]||{{bt|新正}}||||lunar new year | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[tangthvy]]||冬天||||winter | | [[tangthvy]]||{{wt|冬天}}||||winter | ||
|- | |- | ||
| thao'axm||透暗||||all night; very late at night | | thao'axm||{{bt|透暗}}||||all night; very late at night | ||
|- | |- | ||
| thaomii||透暝||||all night | | thaomii||{{wt|透暝}}||||all night | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[thaozar]]||透早||||very early in the morning | | [[thaozar]]||{{bt|透早}}||||very early in the morning | ||
|- | |- | ||
| thaozar-thao'axm||透早透暗||||day or night | | thaozar-thao'axm||透早透暗||||day or night | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[thautwar]]|| | | [[thautwar]]||{{ptj|頭拄仔}}||||not long ago | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[thvikngf]]||天光||||dawn; at dawn | | [[thvikngf]]||{{bt|天光}}||||dawn; at dawn | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[tiongtaux]]|| | | [[tiongtaux]]||{{wt|中晝}} ||||noon | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tviaxtvia||定定||||quite often | | tviaxtvia||{{wt|定定}} ||||quite often | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[twciaq]]|| | | [[twciaq]]||{{ptj|拄才}}||剛剛||just now; just a moment ago | ||
|- | |- | ||
| za'axm||昨暗||||last night | | za'axm||{{wt|昨暗}}||||last night | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | zafban||{{bt|早慢}}||||sooner or later | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[zafkhie]]||早起||||morning | | [[zafkhie]]||{{wt|早起}}||||morning | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | zahngf/[[zaqhngf]] ||{{bt|昨昏}} ||昨天||yesterday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[zhunthvy]]||春天||春天||spring | | [[zhunthvy]]||{{wt|春天}}||春天||spring | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[zøh`jit]]||{{bt|昨日}}||前天||the day before yesterday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| zuun`nii||前年 | | zuun`nii||{{ptj|前年}} ||||the year before last year | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 01:36, 2 November 2016
Taiguo Siong'iong 460 ji 🔊 (台語常用460字; 460 Common Taiwanese Words) written in MTL with English definitions. Source: Taiguo Siong’iong 460-ji (台語文協會/2004年黃美雲整理) Note: the Taiwanese Harnji shown are not necessarily standard.
Personal pronouns
Main article: Personal pronouns
| MTL | THJ | Hoaguo | Engguo |
|---|---|---|---|
| goar 🔊 | 我 | 我 | I; me |
| gurn 🔊 | 阮† | 我們/我的 | we; us; (not including listener) |
| goarn 🔊 | 阮† | 我/我們/我等/咱們 | we; us; (not including listener) |
| kaki 🔊 | 家己 | 自己 | self |
| larn 🔊 | 咱† | 我們/咱 | we; us; (includes listener) |
| lie 🔊 | 汝/你†/妳 | 你/妳/汝 | you |
| lirn 🔊 | 恁† | 你們/你的/你們的 | you (plural/exclusive) |
| tag'ee 🔊 | 逐个 | 各個/每個 | everybody |
| taixkef 🔊 | 大家 | 大家 | everybody; all the people |
| y 🔊 | 伊 | 他/她/祂 | he; she; it; his; her |
| yn 🔊 | 𪜶† | 他們/他的 | they; them |
Demonstrative pronouns
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| cidee | cid个 | 一個 | one |
| ciaf^ | 遮† | 這裡 | here |
| ciah'ee / ciafee | 遮的† | 這些 | these |
| ciahniq' | 遮爾† | 這麼 | such; so |
| cit'ee | cit个 | 這個 | this one |
| citkhoarn | cit款 | 這種/這樣 | this kind of |
| hef^ | 彼† | 那 | that one |
| hiah'ee / hiaf`ee | 遐的† | 那些 | those |
| hiaf^ | 遐† | 那裡 | there |
| hiahniq' / hiahni | 遐爾† | 那麼 | in that way |
| hit'ee | 彼个‡ | 那個 | that one |
| hitkhoarn | 彼款‡ | 那款 | that kind of |
| sviafkhoarn | 啥款‡ | 怎麼樣 | what kind |
| symmih'khoarn | symmih款 | 什麼樣 | what do you think |
| zef^ | 這† | 這 | this one |
Tone sandhi exceptions:
- ^: words that never change tone.
- ': words ending with apostrophe, which will be directly followed by another word with no space.
Interrogative pronouns
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| joaxkuo 🔊 | joax久/偌久‡ | 多久 | how long |
| joaxtoa | joax大/偌大‡ | 多大 | how big |
| joaxzøe | 偌濟† | 多少 | how many; how much |
| kuyee | 幾个 | 幾個 | how many |
| kuyjit | 幾日 | 幾日 | how many days |
| kuykafng | 幾工 | 幾天 | how many days |
| kuytiarm | 幾點 | 幾點 | what time it is |
| nar | 那† | 怎 | how; why; what |
| nar øe | 那會† | 怎會 | how come; how could this be possible |
| sviafhøex | sviaf貨/啥貨‡ | 甚麼/什麼東西 | what |
| sviaflaang | 啥人† | 哪個/孰/誰/誰人/誰個 | who |
| sviar | 啥† | 甚 | what |
| symmih^/sviafmih | sym物/啥物‡ | 什麼 | what |
| symmih'laang | sym物laang | 什麼人 | who |
| tafcidee/tøfcidee | tøfcid个/佗一个‡/哪一个 | 哪一個 | which one |
| tafcidhang | tafcid項 | 哪一項 | which item |
| tafcidui | tafcid位 | 哪一位 | which one |
| tangsii | 當時 | 何時 | when |
| tafui/tøfui | tøf位/佗位‡ | 那裡 | where |
| uixhøo | 為何 | 因何/為什麼/為何 | why; for what |
| uixsymmih^/ui symmih^ | 為sym物/為甚物‡ | 為什麼 | why; for what |
Conjunctions
Listen 🔊
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| afnny/afnnef | 按呢† | 這樣子/如此 | well…then |
| afnzvoar | afn怎/按怎‡ | 何以/怎的/怎麼 | how |
| ar/iao | 猶† | 而 | but; still (synonym iawkøq) |
| chinchviu | 親像 | 就像 | as; such as; as if |
| citmar | cit馬/這馬‡/即碼 | 現在 | at this moment |
| hafntid | 罕得 | 少有/難得 | rarely; seldom |
| høfkazaix | 好佳zaix/好佳哉‡ | 幸好/幸虧 | fortunately |
| iar | 抑 | 或/抑 | or |
| in'ui/sofie | 因為…所以 | because…therefore | |
| kab | 佮 | 和 | and; with |
| kiafmzhae 🔊 | 檢采/減采 | 假使 | perhaps |
| kaxngkhoarn | kaxng款/仝款‡/共款 | 一樣/同樣/相同/相像 | same ; similar |
| koputciofng/koputjiciofng | 姑不將/姑不而將 | 不得已/無奈何 | be obliged; have no choice but to; reluctant |
| lofngzorng | 攏總 | 一共/一總/打總兒/全部 | all; collectively |
| ma | 嘛† | 也/亦 | also; too |
| mxbiern | mx免/毋免‡ | 不免/不必 | not necessary; unnecessary; not have to |
| mxkuo/mxkøq | mx過/毋過‡ | 不過/然而 | but |
| mxna | mx但/毋但‡ | 不只/不光/不但 | not only… |
| na | 若 | 若/如果 | if |
| suxnsoax | 順soax/順紲‡ | 附帶/趁便/順便 | conveniently |
| pwntøea | 本底 | 本來/原本/先前 | at first; originally |
| taxnsi | 但是 | 但是 | but |
| tiaukafng/thiaukafng | 刁工/thiau工 | 特意 | on purpose |
| tiaukorix/thiaukorix | 刁故意/thiau故意 | 存心/成心/刻意/故意 | on purpose |
| tvaf | 今† | 現在/如今 | now |
| twciaq | 拄ciaq/拄才‡ | 適即/剛剛 | moment ago |
Auxiliary verbs
Listen 🔊
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| aix | 愛 | 喜歡/想要/愛 | want; like |
| borng | 罔† | 姑且/將就 | content oneself with; may as well |
| bøe | 袂† | 不會 | be not able to; not willing to |
| bøeq | 欲† | 要/如果/快要 | want; like |
| bøexhiao | bøex曉/袂曉‡ | 不會 | don’t know |
| bøexsae | bøex使/袂使‡ | 不可以 | it can not be; be not able to |
| bøextaxng | bøex當/袂當‡ | 未為/不能 | it can not be; be not able to |
| laai | 來 | 來 | let’s ; come |
| m | 毋† | 不 | not |
| maix | 莫† | 勿/毋 | do not |
| mxthafng | mx通/毋通‡ | 不可 | may not |
| øe | 會† | 會/能 | be able and willing to |
| øexhiao | øex曉/會曉‡ | 能曉/會 | know |
| øexsae | øex使/會使‡ | 能使/可以 | it may |
| øextaxng | øex當/會當‡ | 能為/可以 | be able to |
| øextitthafng | øex得通/會得通‡ | 可以 | it can be; be able to |
| phvae | 歹† | 壞/惡/難 | it’s bad to |
| thafng | 通 | 通過/可以 | may |
| tiøqaix | 著愛 | 須 | have to |
Note on øexhiao, øexsae, etc, while written with øe-, they are pronounced with e basically everywhere except Taipag. However, the bøe- series is more varied across the island.
Adverbs (Huosuu)
See also: Huosuu
Listen 🔊
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| bøo-tviutii | 無張持‡/bø張持 | 沒注意/不小心 | unexpectedly (see hutjieen) |
| ciog | 足 | 足/很 | very; very much |
| ciu | 就 | 就 | then |
| cyn- | 真 | 真 | very |
| cviaa | 誠 | 很 | very much |
| iao | 猶† | 還/尚 | still; yet |
| iawbøe | 猶未‡/iaw未 | 尚未 | not yet |
| juo...juo | 愈…愈 (愈) | 愈…愈 | the more…the more |
| kaix | 界 | 最 | very |
| kaq | 佮 | 與 | to |
| kantvaf | 干tvaf/干焦‡ | 只有 | only; merely |
| khaq | 較 | 比較/更/再 | more |
| køhkhaq | køh較/閣較‡ | 更較/復較 | even more |
| køq | 閣† | 再/還/更加 | again; more |
| kuikhix | 規氣/歸氣 | 索性/乾脆 | simply; totally |
| liampvy/liammy | 連鞭 | 馬上 | at once |
| lorng | 攏 | 都/皆/全部 | all |
| luo...luo | 愈…愈 | 愈…愈 | the more…the more |
| niaxnia | 爾爾‡ | 而已 | only |
| siong | 上 | 尚/最 | the most |
| sioxngkaix | 上蓋 | 最 | the most |
| suii | 隨 | 馬上 | immediately |
| svakab | 相佮 | 一起 | together |
| sviw | 傷 | 太 | too much; too many |
| teq | 咧† | 在/正在 | in the process of |
| thaix | 太 | 太 | very |
| thaothaux | 透透 | 透徹 | thoroughly |
| tø | 就† | yet; though; then | |
| tvaf hai`aq | 今害矣 | ? | too bad |
| twafhør/twtwafhør | 拄af好/拄仔好‡ | 剛剛好 | just right |
Prepositions
(介詞) Listen 🔊
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| ciaux | 照 | 照 | follow |
| ciofng | 將 | 將 | going to ; about to |
| ho | 予 | 給/乎 | to; by |
| ka | 共 | 給/跟 | with; to |
| kab | 佮 | 和 | with; and |
| kaux | 到†/夠 | 到/夠 | to; enough |
| kuozai | 據在 | 隨便 | indiscreetly; at one’s convenience |
| pie | 比 | 比 | compare |
| suizai | 隨在 | 任憑/任由 | at one’s convenience; no matter; regardless |
| ti | 佇 | 在 | at; in |
| tiaxm | 踮† | 站/在 | at; in |
| ti teq / tixleq | 佇leq/佇咧‡ | 正在 | in the process of |
| tngf | 當 | 當 | when; at that moment |
| tuix | 對 | 對 | right; correct |
| tuy | 追? | 從 | from |
| uixtiøh | 為著 | 為了 | for the sake of |
Suffix particles indicating mood
Listen 🔊
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| `aq/`ax | 矣 | 呀 | an enclitic at the end of sentence to mark the completion of action |
| `bøe | 未 | 未 | did… or not |
| `bøo | 無† | 沒有 | yes or not |
| `hvoq | 乎 | 吧 | an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate emphasize on interrogative mood |
| `jiblaai | `入來 | 進來 | come in here |
| `jibkhix | `入去 | 進去 | get in there |
| jip`laai | 入`來 | come in | |
| jip`khix | 入`去 | to go in | |
| khix`aq | 去矣 | enclitic affixes to verbs to express completion of action | |
| `khylaai | `起來 | get up to here | |
| `khykhix | `起去 | get up to there | |
| `khylix | `起去 | get up | |
| khvoarmai | 看mai/看覓‡ | 看看 | just try it to see |
| laq | 啦† | 啦 | an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate recognition; affirmative; impatience; completion; request |
| liq/leq | 哩†/咧†! | an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate command; emphasize on interrogative mood | |
| løq | 囉 | 囉 | an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate completion; exclamation; or emphasize |
| `løqkhix | `落去 | 下去 | downward to there |
| `løqlaai | `落來 | 下來 | downward to here |
| `oq | `喔! | an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate caution; exclamation; | |
| øexsae`tid | øex使得/會使得‡ | 能使得/可以的 | okay; can be; may |
| tiøh | 著 | affix to many verbs expressing accomplishment or taking effect |
Verbs (Toxngsuu)
See also: Toxngsuu
Listen 🔊
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| aix | 愛 | 喜歡/想要/愛 | love; like |
| ao | 拗 | 折/扭曲 | break and snap |
| barn | 挽 | 拔 | pluck |
| biq | 覕 | 匿/逃避/躲 | hide |
| bøviar | bø影/無影‡ | 不真實的 | no such thing; groundless; unsubstantiated |
| chi | 飼 | 飼 | raise; feed |
| chiaau | 撨† | 移/調整 | to adjust; to move |
| chiøf | 𪁎† | 好色 | be horny |
| chitthøo | 𨑨迌† | 玩耍 | play; have fun |
| chviaa | 晟† | 成/栽培 | to raise kids |
| chviar | 請 | 請 | to request; to ask; to invite |
| chviax | 倩 | 聘僱/僱用 | to hire |
| chviux | 唱 | 唱 | to sing |
| ciah | 食 | 吃 | to eat |
| ciaokhykafng | 照起工 | 按部就班 | keep to the working routine |
| cym | 唚† | 吻 | to kiss |
| giaa | 夯† | 抬 | carry heavy thing over the shoulder |
| giexn | 癮† | 癮/渴望 | to crave; addict |
| giin | 睨† | 凝 | stare |
| hahhix | 哈hix/哈唏‡ | 喝噓/打哈欠 | to yawn |
| hao | 吼 | 哭/叫 | roar; howl |
| haxmbiin | 陷眠 | 做夢 | talk in one's sleep; dreaming |
| hiaam | 嫌 | 嫌 | to detest; to dislike |
| hiin | 眩 | 眩/暈 | dizzy |
| hipsiong | 翕相 | 照相 | take a picture |
| hiøq | 歇 | 休息 | rest |
| hiw | 咻† | 喊 | scream; shout |
| hoaq | 喝 | 喊 | shout |
| i | 奕 | 玩 | to play |
| jiarng | 嚷 | 嚷 | shout |
| jiog | 逐 | 追 | to chase; to follow |
| kaam | 含 | 含/唅 | hold in the mouth |
| kah'ix | 佮意 | 中意 | feel satisfied; take delight |
| kaxn | 姦† | 姦 | intercourse |
| kerng | 揀 | 揀 | choose; select |
| khausøea | 剾洗 | 諷刺/刨說 | give sarcastic; ironical caustic comments |
| khaw | 剾 | 諷刺/刮/刨 | speak ironically |
| khia | 徛† | 豎/站 | to stand |
| khoarn | 款 | 整理行李 | pack; prepare for travel |
| khuxn | 睏† | 睡 | sleep |
| khvoax | 看 | 看 | to see |
| kiernsiaux | 見笑 | 丟人 | feel ashamed; embarrassed |
| kiørsi | 叫是 | 以為 | assume; presume |
| korng | 講 | 講 | to say; to speak |
| koxng | 摃† | 打/摃 | hit |
| køeasyn | 過身 | 過世 | pass away; die |
| kviaa | 行 | 行走 | walk |
| kvoa | 捾† | 攜 | carry by a handle |
| kvoaa`tiøh | 寒著 | 著涼 | catch cold |
| laosae | 落屎 | 拉肚子/瀉肚子 | have loose bowel |
| larm | 攬 | 攬 | embrace/bear |
| liah | 掠 | 掠/捕 | catch; grasp |
| liam | 唸 | 唸 | to read; to recite |
| liaqzurn | 掠準 | 以為 | presume |
| liaxm | 捻† | 捻 | to drive; to expel |
| lym | 啉† | 喝/飲 | to drink |
| ngx | 向 | 向 | to face |
| oar | 倚 | 倚 | recline; lean on |
| ølør | 呵咾† | 讚美 | praise |
| parngsag | 放捒† | 放棄 | give up; abandon |
| phag | 覆/仆 | 覆/仆 | lying face down |
| phahkhachviux | 拍咳啾‡ | 打噴嚏 | sneeze |
| phahphvae`khix | 拍歹去‡ | to ruin; spoil; make a mess of something | |
| phak jidthaau | 曝日頭 | 晒太陽 | be exposed to sunshine; sunbath |
| pharngkvix | 拍毋見‡ | 丟掉/不見 | lose; misplace |
| phoarpvi | 破病 | 生病 | get sick |
| phvi | 鼻 | 聞/嗅 | smell |
| phuix | 呸† | 吐/翻臉/唾 | spit |
| po | 哺† | 哺 | chew |
| poah | 跋† | 跌 | fall down |
| poaqkiao 🔊 | 跋筊‡ | 賭博 | gamble |
| puun | 歕 | 吹 | to blow |
| saf | 捎 | 抓 | to grasp; to catch |
| siafphøef | 寫批 | 寫信 | to write a letter |
| siar | 寫 | 寫 | to write |
| siuu | 泅 | 泅 | to swim |
| siuxkhix | 受氣 | 生氣 | get angry; get upset |
| soahsoaq`khix | 煞煞去 | 算了 | to stop or discontinue with intention; call it off |
| søeaji 🔊/seaji 🔊 | 細膩 | 小心 | be careful; concerned; deliberate; watchful |
| søf | 挲 | 搔/搓 | stroke; rub; pet |
| søo | 趖† | 爬行 | wonder around |
| suq | 欶 | 吸 | suck |
| tafm | 啖† | 嚐 | lick; taste |
| thef | 䖙† | 靠/躺 | recline; lean on |
| theh | 提† | 提/拿 | to lift |
| thviaf | 聽 | 聽 | to listen |
| tiøo | 趒 | 跳 | jump |
| tngr`khix | 轉去 | 回去 | go home; go back |
| tong | 洞 | 洞 | poke; hole |
| tør`leq | 倒咧! | 倒哩! | lying down |
| tuhkw | 盹龜‡ | 打瞌睡 | doze |
| zaiviar | 知影 | 知道 | be aware of |
| zao | 走 | 跑/逃 | to run; to leave |
| zefng | 舂 | 舂 | hit |
| zhamsioong | 參詳 | 商量 | discuss; confer |
| zhoa | 𤆬† | 導/迎娶 | lead; guide; accompany; escort; show the way |
| zhoafnkhuix | 喘氣 | 呼吸 | breathe |
| zhoaq | 掣 | 顫 | to shake; to tremble; to shiver |
| zhoxng | 創 | 創 | to do; to create; to establish |
| zhoxng sviar | 創啥‡ | 創甚 | to do something |
| zhw | 趨‡ | 滑 | to slide |
| zng/cvi | 吮/舐 | 饌 | to lick |
| zuxn | 顫† | 抖 | shiver |
Adjectives (Heng'iongsuu)
Listen 🔊
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| bae | 䆀 | 醜 | ugly; mean |
| bø'eeng | 無閒‡ | 無閑 | busy |
| bøzhae | 無彩‡ | 可惜/白費 | too bad; regrettable |
| chirnzhae | 凊彩 | 隨便/馬虎 | one or other; either way |
| chiuchixn | 秋凊 | 涼快 | pleasantly cool |
| chvihun/zhvehun | 生份 | 陌生/生疏 | strange; unfamiliar |
| cidkoar | 一寡‡ | 少許/一些 | some; a little; a few |
| cidsi'ar | 一絲仔‡ | 絲毫 | a little bit |
| cidsut'ar | 一屑仔† | 一點點 | a little bit |
| ciør | 少 | 少 | few |
| eng'eeng | 閒閒 | 閒著沒事 | not busy |
| gaau | 𠢕 | 賢 | clever; good at …; wise |
| gong | 戇 | 傻 | stupid; silly |
| hanban/hamban | 頇顢‡/頇ban | 愚笨 | incompetent; clumsy; unskillful |
| hiaau | 嬈† | 嬲 | lascivious; lewd |
| hiafm | 薟 | 辛 | hot; spicy |
| høfgiah | 好額 | 有錢 | rich |
| høfkhafng | 好空 | 好門路 | lucky; blessed |
| høfsex | 好勢 | 好勢 | settled; finished |
| huiekhix | 費氣 | 麻煩 | troublesome; difficult |
| hvoahie | 歡喜 | 高興 | glad ; happy |
| ientaau | 緣投 | 英俊 | handsome |
| jixncyn | 認真 | 認真 | serious |
| keksae | 激屎 | 傲慢 | snobbish; snooty; |
| khiao | 巧 | 聰明 | clever; intelligent |
| khiarngkhaf | 勥跤‡ | 精明/厲害 | shrewd; ambitious |
| khoaelok | 快樂 | 快樂 | happy |
| khofng | 悾 | 呆笨 | frantic; wild; maniac |
| khor | 苦 | 苦 | bitter |
| khunkhiam | 勤儉 | 勤儉 | hard-working and thrifty; diligent and frugal |
| kiaam | 鹹 | 鹹 | salty (also stingy) |
| kirn | 緊 | 快/急 | fast |
| kofix | 古意 | 忠厚/老實 | gentle; mild; well-behaved |
| kofzuy | 古錐 | 可愛 | cute |
| koarnsix | 慣勢 | 習慣 | used to; accustomed to |
| kutlat | 骨力 | 勤勞 | hard-working |
| kvialaang | 驚人‡ | dirty; filthy; soiled | |
| lau | 老 | 老 | old |
| lahsab | 垃圾‡ | 骯髒 | dirty; filthy |
| lixpien | 利便 | 便利 | convenient |
| og | 惡 | 不好的 | bad; evil |
| phahpviax | 拍拚 | 打拚 | work very hard; exerting the utmost strength |
| phvae | 歹† | 壞/惡/難 | bad; evil |
| phvaysex | 歹勢‡ | 不好意思 | embarrassed; shy; coy |
| pintvoa | 貧惰 | 怠惰 | lazy |
| sarnchiaq | 散赤 | 赤貧 | poor; poverty |
| segsai | 熟似 | 熟識 | familiar; reminiscent |
| siab | 澀 | rough; a slightly bitter taste that numbs the tongue | |
| siaolieen | 少年 | 少年 | young |
| sien | 𤺪† | 倦 | tired; sick of |
| simseg | 心適 | interesting | |
| siok | 俗 | cheap; not expensive | |
| siøfkhoar | 小可仔‡ | 稍微 | some; a little; a few |
| siongpurn | 傷本 | 高成本/花費大 | cost too much; too expensive; costly |
| sngf | 酸 | sour | |
| soong | 倯† | hick; clownish; bucolic; stupid | |
| søex | 細 | small; little | |
| suie | 媠† | 美 | beautiful |
| tarngsngf | 凍霜 | stingy | |
| taxmpøqar | 淡薄仔‡ | some; a little bit | |
| thiarm | 忝† | tired; weary | |
| thihkhie | 鐵齒 | stubborn | |
| thøfzex | 討債 | prodigal; in expenditure | |
| tiaau | 牢 | 牢/住 | tight |
| tiautit | 條直 | honest and straight-forward | |
| toa | 大 | 大 | big |
| tvy | 甜 | 甜 | sweet |
| voax | 晏 | 晚/遲 | late |
| zar | 早 | early | |
| zhengkhix | 清氣 | clean | |
| zhwn | 賰† | 剩 | (adj) more than enough |
| zøe | 濟† | 多 | plenty; many |
Nouns - blood relation and relations by marriage
Listen 🔊
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| acie | 阿姊 | older sister | |
| acirm | 阿嬸 | the wife of one’s father’s younger brother | |
| afng | 翁 | husband | |
| ahviaf | 阿兄 | older brother | |
| akim | 阿妗 | wife of maternal uncle | |
| akofng | 阿公 | grandfather | |
| aku | 阿舅 | mother’s brother | |
| amar | 阿媽 | grandmother | |
| amr | 阿姆 | the wife of one’s father’s older brother | |
| apeq | 阿伯 | father’s older brother | |
| azeg | 阿叔 | father’s younger brother | |
| bor | 某† | 妻 | wife |
| gyn'ar | 囡仔† | 孩子 | kids |
| hauxsvy | 後生 | 兒子 | son |
| khanchiuo`ee | 牽手 | wife | |
| kviafsaix | 囝婿 | son-in-law | |
| kviar | 囝 | 子 | child; son |
| mamaf/mafmaq | 媽媽 | mother | |
| papaf | 爸爸 | father | |
| Siensvy | 先生 | Mr.; Sir | |
| simpu/sinpu | 新婦 | 媳婦 | daughter-in-law |
| siøfmoe | 小妹 | younger sister | |
| siøfti | 小弟 | younger brother | |
| sixtoa | 序大 | the senior; elder | |
| sun'ar | 孫仔‡ | grandchildren | |
| takef | 大家‡ | 婆婆 | husband’s mother |
| takvoaf | 大官‡ | 公公 | husband’s father |
| tangmngg`ee | 同門的‡ | 連襟 | the men whose wives are sisters |
| tangsai | 同姒 | 妯娌 | the women whose husbands are brothers |
| Thaethaix | 太太 | Mrs. | |
| tviuxlaang | 丈人‡ | 岳父 | wife’s father |
| tviuxmr | 丈姆 | wife’s mother | |
| zabor-kviar | 查某囝‡ | daughter | |
| zapof-kviar | 查甫囝‡ | son |
Nouns describing body (sengkhw)
Listen 🔊
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| axmkurn | 頷頸‡ | neck | |
| bagbaai | 目眉 | eye brow | |
| bagciw | 目睭‡ | 眼睛 | eye |
| chiuo | 手 | hands | |
| chiwkhiaw | 手曲 | elbow | |
| exhaai | 下頦 | lower jaw | |
| hengkharm | 胸坎 | chest; thorax | |
| hvi | 耳 | ears | |
| hvixkhafng | 耳空 | ear hole/ear | |
| hvixzw | 耳珠 | ear lobe | |
| kengkahthaau | 肩胛頭 | shoulder | |
| khachiuo | 跤手 | 手和腳 | foot and hands |
| khaf | 跤 | 腳 | legs |
| khazhngf | 尻川† | 臀 | buttocks |
| na'aau | 嚨喉 | 咽喉 | throat |
| paktor | 腹肚 | stomach | |
| phvi (phvi'ar) | 鼻 | nose | |
| sengkhw | 身軀 | trunk; body | |
| thaukhag | 頭殼 | head | |
| thaumngg | 頭毛 | hair | |
| thauzafng | 頭鬃 | hair | |
| toxzaai | 肚臍 | belly button | |
| zhuie'extao | 喙下斗 | lower jaw | |
| zhuiekhie | 喙齒 | teeth | |
| zhuietuun | 喙脣 | lips | |
| zhuix | 喙 | mouth |
Nouns - general use
Listen 🔊
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| kankhor | 艱苦 | hardship | |
| loxiong/loxeng | 路用 | use | |
| miqkvia | 物件 | thing | |
| paxnsex | 範勢 | 辦勢 | condition; situation |
| sapbuun | 雪文‡ | soap | |
| senglie | 生理 | 生意 | business |
| sihnax | 爍爁† | 閃電 | lightning |
| sofzai | 所在 | place; location | |
| taixcix | 代誌‡ | 事情 | thing |
| zhuopvy | 厝邊 | neighbor |
Nouns - Time (sikafn)
See also: sikafn
Listen 🔊
| MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
|---|---|---|---|
| armsii | 暗時 | at night; night time | |
| armthau'ar | 暗頭仔‡ | evening | |
| au`jit | 後日 | the day after tomorrow | |
| auxjit | 後日 | 幾天後 | some other day in the future |
| bin'afzaix/mia'afzaix | 明仔載‡ | tomorrow | |
| bømii-bøjit | 無暝無日 | day in day out | |
| cidtiafm'ar-kuo | 一點仔久‡ | only a little bit long | |
| cidtiap'ar-kuo | 一霎仔†久 | in a moment | |
| cirnzeeng | 進前 | 無多久以前 | not long ago |
| citmar | 這馬† | 現在 | right now |
| citzun | 這陣† | 這時 | right now |
| ehngf | 下昏‡ | 今昏 | tonight |
| eng'axm | 下昏暗‡ | 今暗/今晚 | tonight |
| etaux | 下晝‡ | 今罩/今午 | this afternoon |
| expof | 下晡 | afternoon | |
| extaux | 下晝 | afternoon | |
| hiexntai | 現代 | modern | |
| hiøhjoah | 歇熱 | summer vacation | |
| hiøhkvoaa | 歇寒 | winter vacation | |
| jit`sii | 日時 | day time | |
| joaqthvy | 熱天 | summer | |
| khahtheng'ar | 較停仔‡ | in a very short time | |
| kin'afjit | 今仔日‡ | today | |
| kinnii | 今年 | this year | |
| kofzar | 古早 | long long ago | |
| køeakhix | 過去 | in the past | |
| kuxnii | 舊年 | last year | |
| kvoathvy | 寒天 | winter | |
| Lefpaejit | 禮拜日 | Sunday | |
| Paeid | 拜一 | 禮拜一 | Monday |
| Paeji | 拜二 | 禮拜二 | Tuesday |
| Paesvaf | 拜三 | 禮拜三 | Wednesday |
| Paesix | 拜四 | 禮拜四 | Thursday |
| Paego | 拜五 | 禮拜五 | Friday |
| Paelak | 拜六 | 禮拜六 | Saturday |
| sincviaf | 新正 | lunar new year | |
| tangthvy | 冬天 | winter | |
| thao'axm | 透暗 | all night; very late at night | |
| thaomii | 透暝 | all night | |
| thaozar | 透早 | very early in the morning | |
| thaozar-thao'axm | 透早透暗 | day or night | |
| thautwar | 頭拄仔‡ | not long ago | |
| thvikngf | 天光 | dawn; at dawn | |
| tiongtaux | 中晝 | noon | |
| tviaxtvia | 定定 | quite often | |
| twciaq | 拄才‡ | 剛剛 | just now; just a moment ago |
| za'axm | 昨暗 | last night | |
| zafban | 早慢 | sooner or later | |
| zafkhie | 早起 | morning | |
| zahngf/zaqhngf | 昨昏 | 昨天 | yesterday |
| zhunthvy | 春天 | 春天 | spring |
| zøh`jit | 昨日 | 前天 | the day before yesterday |
| zuun`nii | 前年‡ | the year before last year |