Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji: Difference between revisions
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'''{{ | '''{{tts|Taiguo Siong'iong 460 ji|Taiguo Siong'iong siepaq lagzap ji}}''' (台語常用460字; 460 Common Taiwanese Words) written in [[MTL]] with [[Engguo|English]] definitions. Source: [http://learntaiwanese.org/english/misc/460ji.htm Taiguo Siong’iong 460-ji] (台語文協會/2004年黃美雲整理) Note: the Taiwanese [[Harnji]] shown are not necessarily standard. | ||
== Personal pronouns == | == Personal pronouns == | ||
Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
! MTL || THJ || Hoaguo || Engguo | ! MTL || THJ || Hoaguo || Engguo | ||
|- | |- | ||
| goar||我||我||I; me | | {{tts|goar|r=2}} ||我||我||I; me | ||
|- | |- | ||
| gurn||{{tj|阮}}||我們/我的||we; us; (not including listener) | | {{tts|gurn|r=2}} ||{{tj|阮}}||我們/我的||we; us; (not including listener) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| goarn||{{tj|阮}}||我/我們/我等/咱們||we; us; (not including listener) | | {{tts|goarn|r=2}} ||{{tj|阮}}||我/我們/我等/咱們||we; us; (not including listener) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[kaki]]||家己||自己||self | | {{tts|[[kaki]]|r=2}} ||{{wt|家己}}||自己||self | ||
|- | |- | ||
| larn||{{tj|咱}}||我們/咱||we; us; (includes listener) | | {{tts|larn|r=2}} ||{{tj|咱}}||我們/咱||we; us; (includes listener) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| lie||{{tj|你}}/妳||你/妳/汝||you | | {{tts|lie|r=2}} ||{{wt|汝}}/{{tj|你}}/妳||你/妳/汝||you | ||
|- | |- | ||
| lirn||{{tj|恁}}||你們/你的/你們的||you (plural/exclusive) | | {{tts|lirn|r=2}} ||{{tj|恁}}||你們/你的/你們的||you (plural/exclusive) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tag'ee|| | | {{tts|tag'ee|r=2}} ||{{wt|逐个}}||各個/每個||everybody | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[taixkef]]||大家||大家||everybody; all the people | | {{tts|[[taixkef]]|r=2}} ||{{wt|大家}}||大家||everybody; all the people | ||
|- | |- | ||
| y||伊||他/她/祂||he; she; it; his; her | | {{tts|y|r=2}} ||{{wt|伊}}||他/她/祂||he; she; it; his; her | ||
|- | |- | ||
| yn||{{tj| | | {{tts|yn|r=2}} ||{{tj|𪜶}} ||他們/他的||they; them | ||
|} | |} | ||
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! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| cidee|| cid个 ||一個||one | | {{x|cidee}} || cid个 ||一個||one | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ciaf^||{{tj|遮}}||這裡||here | | {{x|ciaf}}^ ||{{tj|遮}}||這裡||here | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ciah'ee/ciafee||{{tj|遮的}}||這些||these | | {{x|ciah'ee}} / {{x|ciafee}}||{{tj|遮的}}||這些||these | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ciahniq'||{{tj|遮爾}} ||這麼||such; so | | ciahniq' ||{{tj|遮爾}} ||這麼||such; so | ||
|- | |- | ||
| cit'ee|| cit个 ||這個||this one | | {{x|cit'ee}} || cit个 ||這個||this one | ||
|- | |- | ||
| citkhoarn||cit款 ||這種/這樣||this kind of | | {{x|citkhoarn}} ||cit款 ||這種/這樣||this kind of | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hef^||{{tj|彼}} ||那||that one | | {{x|hef}}^ ||{{tj|彼}} ||那||that one | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hiah'ee/hiaf`ee||{{tj|遐的}} ||那些||those | | {{x|hiah'ee}} / {{x|hiaf`ee}} ||{{tj|遐的}} ||那些||those | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hiaf^||{{tj|遐}} ||那裡||there | | {{x|hiaf}}^ ||{{tj|遐}} ||那裡||there | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hiahniq'/hiahni||{{tj|遐爾}} ||那麼||in that way | | {{x|hiahniq'}} / {{x|hiahni}} ||{{tj|遐爾}} ||那麼||in that way | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hit'ee|| | | {{x|hit'ee}} ||{{ptj|彼个}} ||那個||that one | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hitkhoarn|| | | {{x|hitkhoarn}} ||{{ptj|彼款}} ||那款||that kind of | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sviafkhoarn|| | | {{x|sviafkhoarn}} ||{{ptj|啥款}} ||怎麼樣||what kind | ||
|- | |- | ||
| symmih'khoarn||symmih款 ||什麼樣||what do you think | | {{x|symmih'khoarn}} ||symmih款 ||什麼樣||what do you think | ||
|- | |- | ||
| zef^||{{tj|這}}||這||this one | | {{x|zef}}^ ||{{tj|這}}||這||this one | ||
|} | |} | ||
[[Tone sandhi]] exceptions: | [[Tone sandhi]] exceptions: | ||
*^: | *^: words that never change tone. | ||
*': words ending with [[vertical typewriter apostrophe|apostrophe]], which will be directly followed by another word with no space. | *': words ending with [[vertical typewriter apostrophe|apostrophe]], which will be directly followed by another word with no space. | ||
Line 76: | Line 76: | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| joaxkuo||joax久/{{ptj|偌久}} ||多久||how long | | {{tx|joaxkuo}}||joax久/{{ptj|偌久}} ||多久||how long | ||
|- | |- | ||
| joaxtoa||joax大/{{ptj|偌大}}||多大||how big | | joaxtoa||joax大/{{ptj|偌大}}||多大||how big | ||
|- | |- | ||
| joaxzøe||{{tj|偌濟}}||多少||how many; how much | | [[joaxzøe]]||{{tj|偌濟}}||多少||how many; how much | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kuyee||幾个||幾個||how many | | kuyee||幾个||幾個||how many | ||
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== Conjunctions == | == Conjunctions == | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|afnny,afnzvoar,ar,chinchviu,citmar,hafntid,hQfkazaix,iar,in'ui/sofie,kab,kiafmzhae,kaxngkhoarn,koputciofng,lofngzorng,ma,mxbiern,mxkuo,mxna,na,suxnsoax,pwntQea,taxnsi,tiaukafng,tiaukorix,tvaf,twciaq}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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| afnzvoar||afn怎/{{ptj|按怎}}||何以/怎的/怎麼||how | | afnzvoar||afn怎/{{ptj|按怎}}||何以/怎的/怎麼||how | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ar/iao||{{tj|猶}} ||而||but; still (synonym | | ar/iao||{{tj|猶}} ||而||but; still (synonym [[iawkøq]]) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| chinchviu||{{wt|親像}} ||就像||as; such as; as if | | chinchviu||{{wt|親像}} ||就像||as; such as; as if | ||
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| kab||{{bt|佮}}||和||and; with | | kab||{{bt|佮}}||和||and; with | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kiafmzhae||{{ | | {{tx|kiafmzhae}}||{{wt|檢采}}/減采||{{wt|假使}}||perhaps | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kaxngkhoarn||kaxng款/{{ptj|仝款}}/共款 ||一樣/同樣/相同/相像||same ; similar | | kaxngkhoarn||kaxng款/{{ptj|仝款}}/共款 ||一樣/同樣/相同/相像||same ; similar | ||
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== Auxiliary verbs == | == Auxiliary verbs == | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|aix,borng,bøe,bøeq,bøexhiao,bøexsae,bøextaxng,laai,m,maix,mxthafng,øe,øexhiao,øexsae,øextaxng,øextitthafng,phvae,thafng,tiøqaix}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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| bøeq||{{tj|欲}} ||要/如果/快要||want; like | | bøeq||{{tj|欲}} ||要/如果/快要||want; like | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bøexhiao||bøex曉/{{ptj|袂曉}} ||不會||don’t know | | [[bøexhiao]]||bøex曉/{{ptj|袂曉}} ||不會||don’t know | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bøexsae||bøex使/{{ptj|袂使}} ||不可以||it can not be; be not able to | | [[bøexsae]]||bøex使/{{ptj|袂使}} ||不可以||it can not be; be not able to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bøextaxng||bøex當/{{ptj|袂當}} ||未為/不能||it can not be; be not able to | | [[bøextaxng]]||bøex當/{{ptj|袂當}} ||未為/不能||it can not be; be not able to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| laai||{{wt|來}} ||來||let’s ; come | | laai||{{wt|來}} ||來||let’s ; come | ||
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| [[øe]]||{{tj|會}} ||會/能||be able and willing to | | [[øe]]||{{tj|會}} ||會/能||be able and willing to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| øexhiao||øex曉/{{ptj|會曉}} ||能曉/會 ||know | | [[øexhiao]]||øex曉/{{ptj|會曉}} ||能曉/會 ||know | ||
|- | |- | ||
| øexsae||øex使/{{ptj|會使}} ||能使/可以||it may | | [[øexsae]]||øex使/{{ptj|會使}} ||能使/可以||it may | ||
|- | |- | ||
| øextaxng||øex當/{{ptj|會當}} ||能為/可以||be able to | | [[øextaxng]]||øex當/{{ptj|會當}} ||能為/可以||be able to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| øextitthafng||øex得通/{{ptj|會得通}} ||可以||it can be; be able to | | øextitthafng||øex得通/{{ptj|會得通}} ||可以||it can be; be able to | ||
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See also: [[Huosuu]] | See also: [[Huosuu]] | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|bøo-tviutii,ciog,ciu,cyn,cviaa,iao,iawbøe,juo...juo,kaix,kaq,kantvaf,khaq,køhkhaq,køq,kuikhix,liampvy,lorng,luo...luo,niaxnia,siong,sioxngkaix,suii,svakab,sviw,teq,thaix,thaothaux,tø,tvaf hai`aq,twtwafhør}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bøo-tviutii|| | | bøo-tviutii||{{ptj|無張持|bø張持}}||沒注意/不小心||unexpectedly (see {{x|hutjieen}}) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ciog||{{wt|足}}||足/很||very; very much | | ciog||{{wt|足}}||足/很||very; very much | ||
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| iao||{{tj|猶}} ||還/尚|| still; yet | | iao||{{tj|猶}} ||還/尚|| still; yet | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[iawbøe]]|| | | [[iawbøe]]||{{ptj|猶未|iaw未}} ||尚未||not yet | ||
|- | |- | ||
| juo...juo||愈…愈 ({{wt|愈}})||愈…愈||the more…the more | | juo...juo||愈…愈 ({{wt|愈}})||愈…愈||the more…the more | ||
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== Prepositions == | == Prepositions == | ||
{{ | (介詞) {{tts|Listen|ciaux,ciofng,ho,ka,kab,kaux,kuozai,pie,suizai,ti,tiaxm,ti teq,tngf,tuix,tuy,uixtiøh}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ciaux||照||照|| | | ciaux||{{wt|照}}||照||follow | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ciofng||將||將||going to ; about to | | ciofng||{{wt|將}} ||將||going to ; about to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ho||予||給/乎||to; by | | ho||{{wt|予}} ||給/乎||to; by | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ka||共||給/跟||with; to | | ka||{{wt|共}} ||給/跟||with; to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kab||||和||with; and | | kab||{{wt|佮}} ||和||with; and | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kaux||到/夠||到/夠||to; enough | | kaux||{{tj|到}}/{{wt|夠}} ||到/夠||to; enough | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kuozai||據在||隨便||indiscreetly; at one’s convenience | | kuozai||{{bt|據在}} ||隨便||indiscreetly; at one’s convenience | ||
|- | |- | ||
| pie||比||比||compare | | pie||{{wt|比}}||比||compare | ||
|- | |- | ||
| suizai||隨在||任憑/任由||at one’s convenience; no matter; regardless | | suizai||{{bt|隨在}}||任憑/任由||at one’s convenience; no matter; regardless | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ti||佇||在||at; in | | ti||{{bt|佇}}||在||at; in | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tiaxm||||站/在||at; in | | tiaxm||{{tj|踮}} ||站/在||at; in | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ti teq||||正在||in the process of | | ti teq / {{x|tixleq}} ||佇leq/{{ptj|佇咧}} ||正在||in the process of | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tngf||當||當||when; at that moment | | tngf||{{wt|當}} ||當||when; at that moment | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tuix||對||對||right; correct | | tuix||{{wt|對}}||對||right; correct | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tuy||||從||from | | tuy||追? ||從||from | ||
|- | |- | ||
| uixtiøh||為著||為了||for the sake of | | uixtiøh||{{wt|為著}}||為了||for the sake of | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Suffix particles indicating mood == | == Suffix particles indicating mood == | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|par`aq. par`ax. par`bøe. par`bøo. par`hvoq. par`jiblaai. par`jibkhix. jip`laai. jip`khix. khix`aq. par`khylaai. par`khykhix. par`khylix. khvoarmai. laq. leq. løq. par`løqkhix. par`løqlaai. oq. øexsae`tid. tiøh}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| `aq|| | | `aq/`ax||{{wt|矣}}||呀||an enclitic at the end of sentence to mark the completion of action | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ` | | `bøe||{{wt|未}}||未||did… or not | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ` | | `bøo||{{tj|無}}||沒有||yes or not | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ` | | `hvoq||{{wt|乎}} ||吧||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate emphasize on interrogative mood | ||
|- | |- | ||
| `jiblaai||`入來||進來||come in here | | `jiblaai||`入來||進來||come in here | ||
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| `jibkhix||`入去||進去||get in there | | `jibkhix||`入去||進去||get in there | ||
|- | |- | ||
| jip`laai||入`來||||come in | | jip`laai||入`來|| ||come in | ||
|- | |- | ||
| jip`khix||入`去||||to go in | | jip`khix||入`去|| ||to go in | ||
|- | |- | ||
| khix`aq|| | | khix`aq||去矣||||enclitic affixes to verbs to express completion of action | ||
|- | |- | ||
| `khylaai||`起來||||get up to here | | `khylaai||`起來||||get up to here | ||
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| `khylix||`起去||||get up | | `khylix||`起去||||get up | ||
|- | |- | ||
| khvoarmai||看覓||看看||just try it to see | | khvoarmai||看mai/{{ptj|看覓}} ||看看||just try it to see | ||
|- | |- | ||
| laq||啦||啦||an | | laq||{{tj|啦}}||啦||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate recognition; affirmative; impatience; completion; request | ||
|- | |- | ||
| leq||哩!||||an | | liq/leq||{{tj|哩}}/{{tj|咧}}!||||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate command; emphasize on interrogative mood | ||
|- | |- | ||
| løq||囉||囉||an | | løq||{{bt|囉}}||囉||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate completion; exclamation; or emphasize | ||
|- | |- | ||
| `løqkhix||`落去||下去||downward to there | | `løqkhix||`落去||下去||downward to there | ||
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| `løqlaai||`落來||下來||downward to here | | `løqlaai||`落來||下來||downward to here | ||
|- | |- | ||
| oq||喔!||||an | | `oq||`喔!||||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate caution; exclamation; | ||
|- | |- | ||
| øexsae`tid||會使得||能使得/可以的||okay; can be; may | | øexsae`tid||øex使得/{{ptj|會使得}}||能使得/可以的||okay; can be; may | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tiøh||著||||affix to many verbs expressing accomplishment or taking effect | | tiøh||{{bt|著}}|| ||affix to many verbs expressing accomplishment or taking effect | ||
|} | |} | ||
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See also: [[Toxngsuu]] | See also: [[Toxngsuu]] | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|aix.ao.barn.biq.bøviar.chi.chiaau.chiøf.chitthøo.chviaa.chviar.chviax.chviux.ciah.ciaokhykafng.cym.giaa.giexn.giin.hahhix.hao.haxmbiin.hiaam.hiin.hipsiong.hiøq.hiw.hoaq.i.jiarng.jiog.kaam.kah'ix.kaxn.kerng.khausøea.khaw.khia.khoarn.khuxn.khvoax.kiernsiaux.kiørsi.korng.koxng.køeasyn.kviaa.kvoa.kvoaa`tiøh.laosae.larm.liah.liam.liaqzurn.liaxm.lym.ngx.oar.ølør.parngsag.phag.phahkhachviux.phahphvae`khix.phak jidthaau.pharngkvix.phoarpvi.phvi.phuix.po.poah.poaqkiao.puun.saf.siafphøef.siar.siongpurn.siuu.siuxkhix.soahsoaq`khix.søeaji.søf.søo.suq.tafm.thef.theh.thviaf.tiøo.tngr`khix.tong.tør`leq.tuhkw.zaiviar.zao.zefng.zhamsioong.zhoa.zhoafnkhuix.zhoaq.zhoarnsviu.zhoxng.zhoxng sviar.zhw.zhwn.zng.zuxn}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| aix||愛||喜歡/想要/愛||love; like | | aix||{{wt|愛}} ||喜歡/想要/愛||love; like | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ao||拗||折/扭曲||break and snap | | ao||{{wt|拗}}||折/扭曲||break and snap | ||
|- | |- | ||
| barn||挽||拔||pluck | | barn||{{wt|挽}}||拔||pluck | ||
|- | |- | ||
| biq|| | | biq||{{wt|覕}} ||匿/逃避/躲||hide | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[bøviar]]||無影|| | | [[bøviar]]||bø影/{{ptj|無影}} ||不真實的 ||no such thing; groundless; unsubstantiated | ||
|- | |- | ||
| chi||飼||飼||raise; feed | | chi||{{wt|飼}}||飼||raise; feed | ||
|- | |- | ||
| chiaau|| | | chiaau||{{tj|撨}} ||移/調整||to adjust; to move | ||
|- | |- | ||
| chiøf|| | | chiøf||{{tj|𪁎}} ||好色||be horny | ||
|- | |- | ||
| chitthøo|| | | [[chitthøo]]||{{tj|𨑨迌}} ||玩耍||play; have fun | ||
|- | |- | ||
| chviaa||晟||成/栽培||to raise kids | | chviaa||{{tj|晟}} ||成/栽培||to raise kids | ||
|- | |- | ||
| chviar||請||請||to request; to ask; to invite | | chviar||{{wt|請}} ||請||to request; to ask; to invite | ||
|- | |- | ||
| chviax||倩||聘僱/僱用||hire | | chviax||{{bt|倩}}||聘僱/僱用 ||to hire | ||
|- | |- | ||
| chviux||唱||唱||to sing | | chviux||{{wt|唱}} ||唱||to sing | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ciaqpng|ciah]]||食||吃||to eat | | [[ciaqpng|ciah]]||{{wt|食}} ||吃||to eat | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ciaokhykafng||照起工||按部就班||keep to the working routine | | ciaokhykafng||{{bt|照起工}} ||按部就班||keep to the working routine | ||
|- | |- | ||
| cym||唚||吻||to kiss | | cym||{{tj|唚}} ||吻||to kiss | ||
|- | |- | ||
| giaa||夯||抬||carry heavy thing over the shoulder | | giaa||{{tj|夯}} ||抬||carry heavy thing over the shoulder | ||
|- | |- | ||
| giexn|| | | giexn||{{tj|癮}} ||癮/渴望||to crave; addict | ||
|- | |- | ||
| giin|| | | giin||{{tj|睨}} ||凝||stare | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | hahhix||哈hix/{{ptj|哈唏}}||喝噓/打哈欠||to yawn | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hao||吼||哭/叫||roar; howl | | hao||{{wt|吼}} ||哭/叫||roar; howl | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[haxmbiin]]||陷眠||做夢||talk in one's sleep; dreaming | | [[haxmbiin]]||陷眠||做夢||talk in one's sleep; dreaming | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hiaam||嫌||嫌||to detest; to dislike | | hiaam||{{wt|嫌}}||嫌||to detest; to dislike | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hiin||眩||眩/暈||dizzy | | [[hiin]]||{{wt|眩}}||眩/暈||dizzy | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hipsiong||翕相||照相||take a picture | | [[hipsiong]]||翕相||照相||take a picture | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hiøq||歇||休息||rest | | [[hiøq]]||歇||休息||rest | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hiw||咻||喊||scream; shout | | hiw||{{tj|咻}}||喊||scream; shout | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hoaq||喝||喊||shout | | hoaq||{{wt|喝}}||喊||shout | ||
|- | |- | ||
| i|| | | i||{{wt|奕}} ||玩||to play | ||
|- | |- | ||
| jiarng||嚷||嚷||shout | | jiarng||{{wt|嚷}}||嚷||shout | ||
|- | |- | ||
| jiog|| | | jiog||{{wt|逐}}||追||to chase; to follow | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kaam||含||含/唅||hold in the mouth | | kaam||{{wt|含}}||含/唅||hold in the mouth | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kah'ix||佮意||中意||feel satisfied; take delight | | kah'ix||{{wt|佮意}}||中意||feel satisfied; take delight | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kaxn|| | | kaxn||{{tj|姦}}||姦||intercourse | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kerng||揀||揀||choose; select | | kerng||{{wt|揀}}||揀||choose; select | ||
|- | |- | ||
| khausøea|| | | khausøea||{{bt|剾洗}} ||諷刺/刨說||give sarcastic; ironical caustic comments | ||
|- | |- | ||
| khaw|| | | khaw||{{wt|剾}} ||諷刺/刮/刨||speak ironically | ||
|- | |- | ||
| khia||徛||豎/站||stand | | khia||{{tj|徛}} ||豎/站||to stand | ||
|- | |- | ||
| khoarn||款||整理行李||pack; prepare for travel | | khoarn||{{wt|款}} ||整理行李||pack; prepare for travel | ||
|- | |- | ||
| khuxn||睏||睡||sleep | | [[khuxn]]||{{tj|睏}} ||睡||sleep | ||
|- | |- | ||
| khvoax||看||看||to see | | khvoax||{{wt|看}} ||看||to see | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kiernsiaux||見笑||丟人||feel ashamed; embarrassed | | [[kiernsiaux]] ||{{bt|見笑}}||丟人||feel ashamed; embarrassed | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kiørsi||叫是||以為||assume; presume | | kiørsi||{{bt|叫是}}||以為||assume; presume | ||
|- | |- | ||
| korng||講||講||to say; to speak | | korng||{{wt|講}}||講||to say; to speak | ||
|- | |- | ||
| koxng||摃||打/摃||hit | | koxng||{{tj|摃}} ||打/摃||hit | ||
|- | |- | ||
| køeasyn||過身||過世||pass away; die | | køeasyn||{{wt|過身}}||過世||pass away; die | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kviaa||行||行走||walk | | [[kviaa]] ||{{wt|行}} ||行走||walk | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kvoa|| | | kvoa||{{tj|捾}} ||攜||carry by a handle | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kvoaa`tiøh||寒著||著涼||catch cold | | kvoaa`tiøh||{{bt|寒著}}||著涼||catch cold | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[laosae]]||落屎||拉肚子/瀉肚子||have loose bowel | | [[laosae]]||落屎||拉肚子/瀉肚子||have loose bowel | ||
|- | |- | ||
| larm||攬||攬||embrace | | larm||{{wt|攬}} ||攬||embrace/bear | ||
|- | |- | ||
| liah||掠||掠/捕||catch; grasp | | liah||{{wt|掠}}||掠/捕||catch; grasp | ||
|- | |- | ||
| liam||唸||唸||to read; to recite | | liam||{{wt|唸}}||唸||to read; to recite | ||
|- | |- | ||
| liaqzurn||掠準||以為||presume | | liaqzurn||{{wt|掠準}} ||以為||presume | ||
|- | |- | ||
| liaxm||捻||捻||to drive; to expel | | liaxm||{{tj|捻}}||捻||to drive; to expel | ||
|- | |- | ||
| lym||啉||喝/飲||to drink | | lym||{{tj|啉}} ||喝/飲||to drink | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ngx||向||向||face | | ngx||{{wt|向}} ||向||to face | ||
|- | |- | ||
| oar||倚||倚||recline; lean on | | oar||{{wt|倚}} ||倚||recline; lean on | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ølør]]||呵咾||讚美||praise | | [[ølør]]||{{tj|呵咾}} ||讚美||praise | ||
|- | |- | ||
| parngsag|| | | parngsag||{{tj|放捒}} ||放棄||give up; abandon | ||
|- | |- | ||
| phag||覆/仆||覆/仆||lying face down | | phag||{{wt|覆}}/{{wt|仆}} ||覆/仆||lying face down | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[phahkhachviux]]|| | | [[phahkhachviux]]||{{ptj|拍咳啾}} ||打噴嚏||sneeze | ||
|- | |- | ||
| phahphvae`khix||拍歹去|| | | [[phahphvae`khix]] ||{{ptj|拍歹去}} || ||to ruin; spoil; make a mess of something | ||
|- | |- | ||
| phak jidthaau||曝日頭||晒太陽||be exposed to sunshine; sunbath | | phak jidthaau||曝日頭||晒太陽||be exposed to sunshine; sunbath | ||
|- | |- | ||
| pharngkvix||||丟掉/不見||lose; misplace | | pharngkvix||{{ptj|拍毋見}} ||丟掉/不見||lose; misplace | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | phoarpvi||{{bt|破病}}||生病||get sick | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[phvi (toxngsuu)|phvi]]||{{bt|鼻}} ||聞/嗅||smell | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | phuix || {{tj|呸}} ||吐/翻臉/唾||spit | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | po||{{tj|哺}}||哺||chew | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | poah||{{tj|跋}} ||跌||fall down | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | {{tx|poaqkiao}} ||{{ptj|跋筊}} ||賭博||gamble | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | puun||{{wt|歕}}||吹||to blow | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | saf||{{wt|捎}} ||抓||to grasp; to catch | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | siafphøef||{{bt|寫批}}||寫信||to write a letter | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | siar||{{wt|寫}}||寫||to write | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | siuu||{{wt|泅}} ||泅||to swim | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | siuxkhix||{{wt|受氣}}||生氣||get angry; get upset | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | soahsoaq`khix||{{bt|煞煞去}}||算了||to stop or discontinue with intention; call it off | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | {{tts|søeaji}}/{{tts|seaji}}||{{wt|細膩}} ||小心||be careful; concerned; deliberate; watchful | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | søf||{{wt|挲}} ||搔/搓||stroke; rub; pet | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | søo||{{tj|趖}}||爬行||wonder around | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | suq||{{wt|欶}}||吸||suck | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | tafm||{{tj|啖}} ||嚐||lick; taste | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | thef||{{tj|䖙}}||靠/躺||recline; lean on | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | theh||{{tj|提}}||提/拿||to lift | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | thviaf||{{wt|聽}} ||聽||to listen | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | tiøo|| {{wt|趒}} ||跳||jump | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | tngr`khix||{{bt|轉去}}||回去||go home; go back | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | tong||{{wt|洞}} ||洞||poke; hole | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | tør`leq||{{wt|倒}}咧!||倒哩!||lying down | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | tuhkw||{{ptj|盹龜}}||打瞌睡||doze | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | zaiviar||{{wt|知影}}||知道||be aware of | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | zao||{{wt|走}}||跑/逃||to run; to leave | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | zefng||{{wt|舂}}||舂||hit | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | zhamsioong||{{wt|參詳}}||商量||discuss; confer | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | zhoa||{{tj|𤆬}} ||導/迎娶 ||lead; guide; accompany; escort; show the way | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | zhoafnkhuix||{{wt|喘氣}}||呼吸||breathe | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | zhoaq||{{wt|掣}} ||顫||to shake; to tremble; to shiver | ||
|- | |- | ||
| zhoxng||創||創||to do; to create; to establish | | zhoxng||{{wt|創}}||創||to do; to create; to establish | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | zhoxng sviar||{{ptj|創啥}}||創甚|| to do something | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | zhw||{{ptj|趨}} ||滑 ||to slide | ||
|- | |- | ||
| zng||吮||饌||lick | | zng/cvi||吮/{{wt|舐}}||饌||to lick | ||
|- | |- | ||
| zuxn||顫||抖||shiver | | zuxn||{{tj|顫}} ||抖||shiver | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Adjectives ( | == Adjectives (Heng'iongsuu)== | ||
[[ | [[Heng'iongsuu]] | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|bae.bø'eeng.bøzhae.chirnzhae.chiuchixn.chvihun/zhvehun.cidkoar.cidsi'ar.cidsut'ar.ciør.eng'eeng.gaau.gong.hamban.hiaau.hiafm.høfgiah.høfkhafng.høfsex.huiekhix.hvoahie.ientaau.jixncyn.keksae.khiao.khiarngkhaf.khoaelok.khofng.khor.khunkhiam.kiaam.kirn.kofix.kofzuy.koarnsix.kutlat.kvialaang.lau.lahsab.lixpien.og.phahpviax.phvae.phvaysex.pintvoa.sarnchiaq.segsai.siab.siaolieen.sien.simseg.siok.siøfkhoar.siongpurn.sngf.soong.søex.suie.tarngsngf.taxmpøqar.thiarm.thihkhie.thøfzex.tiaau.tiautit.toa.tvy.voax.zar.zhengkhix.zhwn.zøe}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bae||||醜||ugly; mean | | [[bae]]|| {{wt|䆀}} ||醜||ugly; mean | ||
|- | |||
| bø'eeng||{{ptj|無閒}}||無閑||busy | |||
|- | |||
| bøzhae||{{ptj|無彩}}||可惜/白費||too bad; regrettable | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | chirnzhae||{{bt|凊彩}}||隨便/馬虎||one or other; either way | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | chiuchixn||{{wt|秋凊}}||涼快||pleasantly cool | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | chvihun/zhvehun||{{bt|生份}}||陌生/生疏||strange; unfamiliar | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | cidkoar||{{ptj|一寡}}||少許/一些||some; a little; a few | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | cidsi'ar||{{ptj|一絲仔}}||絲毫||a little bit | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | cidsut'ar||{{tj|一屑仔}}||一點點||a little bit | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ciør||{{wt|少}} ||少||few | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | eng'eeng||{{bt|閒閒}}||閒著沒事||not busy | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | gaau||{{bt|𠢕}}||賢||clever; good at …; wise | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | gong||{{wt|戇}}||傻||stupid; silly | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | hanban/[[hamban]]||{{ptj|頇顢|頇ban}}||愚笨 ||incompetent; clumsy; unskillful | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | hiaau|| {{tj|嬈}} ||嬲||lascivious; lewd | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | hiafm|| {{wt|薟}} ||辛||hot; spicy | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | høfgiah||{{bt|好額}}||有錢||rich | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | høfkhafng||{{bt|好空}} ||好門路||lucky; blessed | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | høfsex||{{bt|好勢}}||好勢||settled; finished | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | huiekhix||{{bt|費氣}}||麻煩||troublesome; difficult | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | hvoahie||{{wt|歡喜}}||高興||glad ; happy | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | {{x|ientaau}} ||{{wt|緣投}}||英俊||handsome | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | jixncyn||{{wt|認真}} ||認真||serious | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | keksae||{{bt|激屎}}||傲慢||snobbish; snooty; | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | khiao||{{wt|巧}}||聰明||clever; intelligent | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | khiarngkhaf||{{ptj|勥跤}} ||精明/厲害||shrewd; ambitious | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | khoaelok||{{wt|快樂}}||快樂||happy | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | khofng||{{wt|悾}}||呆笨||frantic; wild; maniac | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | khor||{{wt|苦}}||苦||bitter | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | khunkhiam||{{wt|勤儉}}||勤儉||hard-working and thrifty; diligent and frugal | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | kiaam||{{wt|鹹}}||鹹||salty (also stingy) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | kirn||{{wt|緊}}||快/急||fast | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | kofix||{{bt|古意}}||忠厚/老實||gentle; mild; well-behaved | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | kofzuy||{{wt|古錐}}||可愛||cute | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | koarnsix||{{wt|慣勢}}||習慣||used to; accustomed to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | kutlat||{{wt|骨力}}||勤勞||hard-working | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | kvialaang||{{ptj|驚人}}||||dirty; filthy; soiled | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | lau||{{wt|老}}||老||old | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | lahsab||{{ptj|垃圾}}||骯髒||dirty; filthy | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | lixpien||{{wt|利便}}||便利||convenient | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | og||{{wt|惡}}||不好的||bad; evil | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[phahpviax]]|| {{wt|拍拚}} ||打拚||work very hard; exerting the utmost strength | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[phvae]]||{{tj|歹}}||壞/惡/難||bad; evil | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[phvaysex]]||{{ptj|歹勢}}||不好意思||embarrassed; shy; coy | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[pintvoa]]||{{bt|貧惰}} ||怠惰||lazy | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | sarnchiaq||{{bt|散赤}} ||赤貧||poor; poverty | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | segsai|| {{bt|熟似}} ||熟識||familiar; reminiscent | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | siab||{{wt|澀}} || ||rough; a slightly bitter taste that numbs the tongue | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[siaolieen]]||{{wt|少年}}||少年||young | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | sien|| {{tj|𤺪}} ||倦||tired; sick of | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | simseg||{{wt|心適}}|| ||interesting | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | siok||{{wt|俗}} || ||cheap; not expensive | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[siøfkhoar]]||{{ptj|小可仔}}||稍微||some; a little; a few | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | siongpurn||{{bt|傷本}}||高成本/花費大|| cost too much; too expensive; costly | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | sngf||{{wt|酸}}||||sour | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | soong||{{tj|倯}} ||||hick; clownish; bucolic; stupid | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | søex||{{wt|細}}||||small; little | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | suie||{{tj|媠}} ||美||beautiful | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | tarngsngf||{{bt|凍霜}}|| ||stingy | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | taxmpøqar||{{ptj|淡薄仔}}||||some; a little bit | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | thiarm|| {{tj|忝}} || ||tired; weary | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | thihkhie||{{bt|鐵齒}}||||stubborn | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | thøfzex||{{bt|討債}}||||prodigal; in expenditure | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | tiaau|| {{wt|牢}} ||牢/住||tight | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | tiautit||{{bt|條直}}||||honest and straight-forward | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | toa||{{wt|大}}||大||big | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | tvy||{{wt|甜}}||甜||sweet | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | voax||{{wt|晏}}||晚/遲||late | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | zar||{{wt|早}}||||early | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | zhengkhix||{{wt|清氣}}||||clean | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | zhwn||{{tj|賰}}||剩||(adj) more than enough | ||
|- | |- | ||
| zøe||||多||plenty; many | | zøe||{{tj|濟}}||多||plenty; many | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Nouns - blood relation and relations by marriage == | == Nouns - blood relation and relations by marriage == | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|acie.acirm.afng.ahviaf.akim.akofng.aku.amar.amr.apeq.azeg.bor.gyn'ar.hauxsvy.khanchiuo.kviafsaix.kviar.mamaf.papaf.Siensvy.simpu.siøfmoe.siøfti.sixtoa.sun'ar.takef.takvoaf.tangmngg`ee.tangsai.Thaethaix.tviuxlaang.tviuxmr.zabor-kviar.zapof-kviar}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| acie||阿姊||||older sister | | acie||{{bt|阿姊}} ||||older sister | ||
|- | |- | ||
| acirm||阿嬸||||the wife of one’s father’s younger brother | | acirm||{{bt|阿嬸}} ||||the wife of one’s father’s younger brother | ||
|- | |- | ||
| afng||翁||||husband | | afng||{{wt|翁}}||||husband | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ahviaf]]||阿兄||||older brother | | [[ahviaf]]||{{wt|阿兄}}||||older brother | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[akim]]||阿妗||||wife of maternal uncle | | [[akim]]||{{bt|阿妗}}||||wife of maternal uncle | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[akofng]]||阿公||||grandfather | | [[akofng]]||{{bt|阿公}}||||grandfather | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[aku]]||阿舅||||mother’s brother | | [[aku]]||{{bt|阿舅}}||||mother’s brother | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[amar]]||阿媽||||grandmother | | [[amar]]||{{wt|阿媽}}||||grandmother | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[amr]]||阿姆||||the wife of one’s father’s older brother | | [[amr]]||{{bt|阿姆}}||||the wife of one’s father’s older brother | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[apeq]]||阿伯||||father’s older brother | | [[apeq]]||{{wt|阿伯}}||||father’s older brother | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[azeg]]||阿叔||||father’s younger brother | | [[azeg]]||{{bt|阿叔}}||||father’s younger brother | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bor||某||妻||wife | | [[bor]]||{{tj|某}}||妻||wife | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[gyn'ar]]|| | | [[gyn'ar]]||{{tj|囡仔}} ||孩子||kids | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hauxsvy||後生||兒子||son | | hauxsvy||{{wt|後生}}||兒子||son | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[khanchiuo]]||牽手||||wife | | [[khanchiuo`ee]]||{{bt|牽手}}||||wife | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kviafsaix|| | | kviafsaix||{{bt|囝婿}} ||||son-in-law | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[kviar]]||囝||子||child; son | | [[kviar]]||{{wt|囝}}||子||child; son | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[mamaf]]||媽媽||||mother | | [[mamaf]]/mafmaq ||{{wt|媽媽}}|| ||mother | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[papaf]]||爸爸||||father | | [[papaf]]||{{wt|爸爸}}||||father | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Siensvy]]||先生||||Mr.; Sir | | [[Siensvy]]||{{wt|先生}}||||Mr.; Sir | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[simpu]]||||媳婦||daughter-in-law | | [[simpu]]/sinpu ||{{wt|新婦}} ||媳婦||daughter-in-law | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[siøfmoe]]||小妹||||younger sister | | [[siøfmoe]]||{{wt|小妹}}||||younger sister | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[siøfti]]||小弟||||younger brother | | [[siøfti]]||{{wt|小弟}}||||younger brother | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[sixtoa]]||序大||||the senior; elder | | [[sixtoa]]||{{bt|序大}}||||the senior; elder | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sun'ar||孫仔||||grandchildren | | sun'ar||{{ptj|孫仔}}||||grandchildren | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[takef]]|||| | | [[takef]]||{{ptj|大家}} ||婆婆||husband’s mother | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[takvoaf]]|||| | | [[takvoaf]]|| {{ptj|大官}} ||公公||husband’s father | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tangmngg`ee||同門的||||the men whose wives are sisters | | tangmngg`ee||{{ptj|同門的}} ||連襟||the men whose wives are sisters | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[tangsai]]||同姒||妯娌||the women whose husbands are brothers | | [[tangsai'ar|tangsai]]||{{bt|同姒}}||妯娌||the women whose husbands are brothers | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Thaethaix]]||太太||||Mrs. | | [[Thaethaix]]||{{wt|太太}}||||Mrs. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[tviuxlaang]]||丈人||||wife’s father | | [[tviuxlaang]]||{{ptj|丈人}} ||岳父 ||wife’s father | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[tviuxmr]]||丈姆||||wife’s mother | | [[tviuxmr]]||{{bt|丈姆}}|| ||wife’s mother | ||
|- | |- | ||
| zabor-kviar||查某囝||||daughter | | zabor-kviar||{{ptj|查某囝}}||||daughter | ||
|- | |- | ||
| zapof-kviar||查甫囝||||son | | zapof-kviar||{{ptj|查甫囝}}||||son | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Nouns describing body ( | == Nouns describing body (sengkhw) == | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|axmkurn.bagbaai.bagciw.chiuo.chiwkhiaw.exhaai.hengkharm.hvi.hvixkhafng.hvixzw.kengkahthaau.khachiuo.khaf.khazhngf.na'aau.paktor.phvi (phvi'ar).sengkhw.thaukhag.thaumngg.thauzafng.toxzaai.zhuie'extao.zhuiekhie.zhuietuun.zhuix}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[axmkurn]]||頷頸||||neck | | [[axmkurn]]||{{ptj|頷頸}}||||neck | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[bagbaai]]||目眉||||eye brow | | [[bagbaai]]||{{bt|目眉}}||||eye brow | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[bagciw]]||目睭||眼睛||eye | | [[bagciw]]||{{ptj|目睭}}||眼睛||eye | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[chiuo]]||手||||hands | | [[chiuo]]||{{wt|手}}||||hands | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[chiwkhiaw]]||手曲||||elbow | | [[chiwkhiaw]]||{{bt|手曲}}||||elbow | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[exhaai]]||下頦||||lower jaw | | [[exhaai]]||{{bt|下頦}}||||lower jaw | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[hengkharm]]||胸坎||||chest; thorax | | [[hengkharm]]||{{bt|胸坎}}||||chest; thorax | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[hvi]]||耳||||ears | | [[hvi]]||{{bt|耳}}||||ears | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[hvixkhafng]]|| | | [[hvixkhafng]]||{{bt|耳空}}||||ear hole/ear | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[hvixzw]]||耳珠||||ear lobe | | [[hvixzw]]||{{bt|耳珠}}||||ear lobe | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[kengkahthaau]]||肩胛頭||||shoulder | | [[kengkahthaau]]||{{bt|肩胛頭}}|| ||shoulder | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[khachiuo]]|| | | [[khachiuo]]||{{bt|跤手}}||手和腳||foot and hands | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[khaf]]|| | | [[khaf]]||{{bt|跤}} ||腳||legs | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[khazhngf]]|| | | [[khazhngf]]||{{tj|尻川}}||臀||buttocks | ||
|- | |- | ||
| na'aau||||咽喉||throat | | na'aau||{{bt|嚨喉}}||咽喉||throat | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[paktor]]||腹肚||||stomach | | [[paktor]]||{{bt|腹肚}}||||stomach | ||
|- | |- | ||
| phvi ([[phvi'ar]])||鼻||||nose | | phvi ([[phvi'ar]])||{{wt|鼻}}||||nose | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[sengkhw]]||身軀||||trunk; body | | [[sengkhw]]||{{wt|身軀}}||||trunk; body | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[thaukhag]]||頭殼||||head | | [[thaukhag]]||{{bt|頭殼}}||||head | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[thaumngg]]||頭毛||||hair | | [[thaumngg]]||{{bt|頭毛}}||||hair | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[thauzafng]]||頭鬃||||hair | | [[thauzafng]]||{{bt|頭鬃}}||||hair | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[toxzaai]]||肚臍||||belly button | | [[toxzaai]]||{{bt|肚臍}}||||belly button | ||
|- | |- | ||
| zhuie'extao|| | | zhuie'extao||{{bt|喙下斗}}||||lower jaw | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[zhuiekhie]]|| | | [[zhuiekhie]]||{{bt|喙齒}}||||teeth | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[zhuietuun]]|| | | [[zhuietuun]]||{{bt|喙脣}}||||lips | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[zhuix]]|| | | [[zhuix]]||{{bt|喙}}||||mouth | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Nouns - general use == | == Nouns - general use == | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|kankhor.loxiong.loxeng.miqkvia.paxnsex.sapbuun.senglie.sihnax.sofzai.taixcix.zhuopvy}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[kankhor]]||艱苦||||hardship | | [[kankhor]]||{{wt|艱苦}}||||hardship | ||
|- | |- | ||
| loxiong/loxeng||路用||||use | | loxiong/loxeng||{{bt|路用}}||||use | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[miqkvia]]||物件||||thing | | [[miqkvia]]||{{wt|物件}}||||thing | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[paxnsex]]||||辦勢||condition; situation | | [[paxnsex]]||{{bt|範勢}} ||辦勢||condition; situation | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[sapbuun]]||雪文||||soap | | [[sapbuun]]||{{ptj|雪文}}||||soap | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[senglie]]||||生意||business | | [[senglie]]||{{wt|生理}}||生意||business | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[sihnax]]||||閃電||lightning | | [[sihnax]]||{{tj|爍爁}}||閃電||lightning | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[sofzai]]||所在||||place; location | | [[sofzai]]||{{wt|所在}}||||place; location | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[taixcix]]||代誌||事情||thing | | [[taixcix]]||{{ptj|代誌}}||事情||thing | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[zhuopvy]]||厝邊||||neighbor | | [[zhuopvy]]||{{bt|厝邊}}||||neighbor | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 918: | Line 914: | ||
See also: [[sikafn]] | See also: [[sikafn]] | ||
{{ | {{tts|Listen|armsii. armthau'ar. au`jit. auxjit. bin'afzaix. mia'afzaix. bømii-bøjit. cidtiafm'afkuo. cidtiap'afkuo. cirnzeeng. citmar. citzun. ehngf. eng'axm. etaux. expof. extaux. hiexntai. hiøhjoah. hiøhkvoaa. jit`sii. joaqthvy. khahtheng'ar. kin'afjit. kinnii. kofzar. køeakhix. kuxnii. kvoathvy. Lefpaix-jit. Paix-id. Paix-ji. Paix-svaf. Paix-six. Paix-go. Paix-lak. sincviaf. tangthvy. thao'axm. thaomii. thaozar. thaozar-thao'axm. thautwar. thvikngf. tiongtaux. tviaxtvia. twciaq. za'axm. zafban. zafkhie. zahngf. zhunthvy. zøjit. zuun`nii}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[armsii]]||暗時||||at night; night time | | [[armsii]]||{{wt|暗時}} ||||at night; night time | ||
|- | |- | ||
| armthau'ar|| | | armthau'ar||{{ptj|暗頭仔}}||||evening | ||
|- | |- | ||
| au`jit||後日||||the day after tomorrow | | au`jit||{{wt|後日}}||||the day after tomorrow | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[auxjit]]||||幾天後||some other day in the future | | [[auxjit]]|| {{wt|後日}} ||幾天後||some other day in the future | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[bin'afzaix]]/mia'afzaix ||{{ptj|明仔載}}|| ||tomorrow | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | bømii-bøjit||{{bt|無暝無日}}||||day in day out | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | cidtiafm'ar-kuo||{{ptj|一點仔久}}|| ||only a little bit long | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | cidtiap'ar-kuo||{{tj|一霎仔}}久||||in a moment | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[cirnzeeng]]||{{wt|進前}}||無多久以前||not long ago | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[citmar]]||{{tj|這馬}}||現在||right now | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[citzun]]||{{tj|這陣}}||這時||right now | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ehngf||{{ptj|下昏}} ||今昏||tonight | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | eng'axm|| {{ptj|下昏暗}} ||今暗/今晚||tonight | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | etaux|| {{ptj|下晝}} ||今罩/今午||this afternoon | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[expof]]||{{wt|下晡}}||||afternoon | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[extaux]]||{{wt|下晝}}||||afternoon | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[hiexntai]]||{{wt|現代}}||||modern | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[hiøhjoah]]||{{bt|歇熱}}||||summer vacation | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[hiøhkvoaa]]||{{wt|歇寒}}||||winter vacation | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | jit`sii||{{wt|日時}}||||day time | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[joaqthvy]]||{{wt|熱天}}||||summer | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | khahtheng'ar||{{ptj|較停仔}}||||in a very short time | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[kin'afjit]]||{{ptj|今仔日}}||||today | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | kinnii||{{wt|今年}}||||this year | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | {{x|kofzar}} ||{{wt|古早}}||||long long ago | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[køeakhix]]||{{wt|過去}}||||in the past | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | kuxnii||{{wt|舊年}}||||last year | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[kvoathvy]]||{{wt|寒天}}||||winter | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[Lefpaejit]]||{{wt|禮拜日}}||||Sunday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Paeid]]||拜一||禮拜一||Monday | | [[Paeid]]||{{wt|拜一}}||禮拜一||Monday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Paeji]]||拜二||禮拜二||Tuesday | | [[Paeji]]||{{wt|拜二}}||禮拜二||Tuesday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Paesvaf]]||拜三||禮拜三||Wednesday | | [[Paesvaf]]||{{wt|拜三}}||禮拜三||Wednesday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Paesix]]||拜四||禮拜四||Thursday | | [[Paesix]]||{{wt|拜四}}||禮拜四||Thursday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Paego]]||拜五||禮拜五||Friday | | [[Paego]]||{{wt|拜五}}||禮拜五||Friday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Paelak]]||拜六||禮拜六||Saturday | | [[Paelak]]||{{wt|拜六}}||禮拜六||Saturday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[sincviaf]]||新正||||lunar new year | | [[sincviaf]]||{{bt|新正}}||||lunar new year | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[tangthvy]]||冬天||||winter | | [[tangthvy]]||{{wt|冬天}}||||winter | ||
|- | |- | ||
| thao'axm||透暗||||all night; very late at night | | thao'axm||{{bt|透暗}}||||all night; very late at night | ||
|- | |- | ||
| thaomii||透暝||||all night | | thaomii||{{wt|透暝}}||||all night | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[thaozar]]||透早||||very early in the morning | | [[thaozar]]||{{bt|透早}}||||very early in the morning | ||
|- | |- | ||
| thaozar-thao'axm||透早透暗||||day or night | | thaozar-thao'axm||透早透暗||||day or night | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[thautwar]]|| | | [[thautwar]]||{{ptj|頭拄仔}}||||not long ago | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[thvikngf]]||天光||||dawn; at dawn | | [[thvikngf]]||{{bt|天光}}||||dawn; at dawn | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[tiongtaux]]|| | | [[tiongtaux]]||{{wt|中晝}} ||||noon | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tviaxtvia||定定||||quite often | | tviaxtvia||{{wt|定定}} ||||quite often | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[twciaq]]|| | | [[twciaq]]||{{ptj|拄才}}||剛剛||just now; just a moment ago | ||
|- | |- | ||
| za'axm||昨暗||||last night | | za'axm||{{wt|昨暗}}||||last night | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | zafban||{{bt|早慢}}||||sooner or later | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[zafkhie]]||早起||||morning | | [[zafkhie]]||{{wt|早起}}||||morning | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | zahngf/[[zaqhngf]] ||{{bt|昨昏}} ||昨天||yesterday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[zhunthvy]]||春天||春天||spring | | [[zhunthvy]]||{{wt|春天}}||春天||spring | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[zøh`jit]]||{{bt|昨日}}||前天||the day before yesterday | ||
|- | |- | ||
| zuun`nii||前年 | | zuun`nii||{{ptj|前年}} ||||the year before last year | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 01:36, 2 November 2016
Taiguo Siong'iong 460 ji 🔊 (台語常用460字; 460 Common Taiwanese Words) written in MTL with English definitions. Source: Taiguo Siong’iong 460-ji (台語文協會/2004年黃美雲整理) Note: the Taiwanese Harnji shown are not necessarily standard.
Personal pronouns
Main article: Personal pronouns
MTL | THJ | Hoaguo | Engguo |
---|---|---|---|
goar 🔊 | 我 | 我 | I; me |
gurn 🔊 | 阮† | 我們/我的 | we; us; (not including listener) |
goarn 🔊 | 阮† | 我/我們/我等/咱們 | we; us; (not including listener) |
kaki 🔊 | 家己 | 自己 | self |
larn 🔊 | 咱† | 我們/咱 | we; us; (includes listener) |
lie 🔊 | 汝/你†/妳 | 你/妳/汝 | you |
lirn 🔊 | 恁† | 你們/你的/你們的 | you (plural/exclusive) |
tag'ee 🔊 | 逐个 | 各個/每個 | everybody |
taixkef 🔊 | 大家 | 大家 | everybody; all the people |
y 🔊 | 伊 | 他/她/祂 | he; she; it; his; her |
yn 🔊 | 𪜶† | 他們/他的 | they; them |
Demonstrative pronouns
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
cidee | cid个 | 一個 | one |
ciaf^ | 遮† | 這裡 | here |
ciah'ee / ciafee | 遮的† | 這些 | these |
ciahniq' | 遮爾† | 這麼 | such; so |
cit'ee | cit个 | 這個 | this one |
citkhoarn | cit款 | 這種/這樣 | this kind of |
hef^ | 彼† | 那 | that one |
hiah'ee / hiaf`ee | 遐的† | 那些 | those |
hiaf^ | 遐† | 那裡 | there |
hiahniq' / hiahni | 遐爾† | 那麼 | in that way |
hit'ee | 彼个‡ | 那個 | that one |
hitkhoarn | 彼款‡ | 那款 | that kind of |
sviafkhoarn | 啥款‡ | 怎麼樣 | what kind |
symmih'khoarn | symmih款 | 什麼樣 | what do you think |
zef^ | 這† | 這 | this one |
Tone sandhi exceptions:
- ^: words that never change tone.
- ': words ending with apostrophe, which will be directly followed by another word with no space.
Interrogative pronouns
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
joaxkuo 🔊 | joax久/偌久‡ | 多久 | how long |
joaxtoa | joax大/偌大‡ | 多大 | how big |
joaxzøe | 偌濟† | 多少 | how many; how much |
kuyee | 幾个 | 幾個 | how many |
kuyjit | 幾日 | 幾日 | how many days |
kuykafng | 幾工 | 幾天 | how many days |
kuytiarm | 幾點 | 幾點 | what time it is |
nar | 那† | 怎 | how; why; what |
nar øe | 那會† | 怎會 | how come; how could this be possible |
sviafhøex | sviaf貨/啥貨‡ | 甚麼/什麼東西 | what |
sviaflaang | 啥人† | 哪個/孰/誰/誰人/誰個 | who |
sviar | 啥† | 甚 | what |
symmih^/sviafmih | sym物/啥物‡ | 什麼 | what |
symmih'laang | sym物laang | 什麼人 | who |
tafcidee/tøfcidee | tøfcid个/佗一个‡/哪一个 | 哪一個 | which one |
tafcidhang | tafcid項 | 哪一項 | which item |
tafcidui | tafcid位 | 哪一位 | which one |
tangsii | 當時 | 何時 | when |
tafui/tøfui | tøf位/佗位‡ | 那裡 | where |
uixhøo | 為何 | 因何/為什麼/為何 | why; for what |
uixsymmih^/ui symmih^ | 為sym物/為甚物‡ | 為什麼 | why; for what |
Conjunctions
Listen 🔊
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
afnny/afnnef | 按呢† | 這樣子/如此 | well…then |
afnzvoar | afn怎/按怎‡ | 何以/怎的/怎麼 | how |
ar/iao | 猶† | 而 | but; still (synonym iawkøq) |
chinchviu | 親像 | 就像 | as; such as; as if |
citmar | cit馬/這馬‡/即碼 | 現在 | at this moment |
hafntid | 罕得 | 少有/難得 | rarely; seldom |
høfkazaix | 好佳zaix/好佳哉‡ | 幸好/幸虧 | fortunately |
iar | 抑 | 或/抑 | or |
in'ui/sofie | 因為…所以 | because…therefore | |
kab | 佮 | 和 | and; with |
kiafmzhae 🔊 | 檢采/減采 | 假使 | perhaps |
kaxngkhoarn | kaxng款/仝款‡/共款 | 一樣/同樣/相同/相像 | same ; similar |
koputciofng/koputjiciofng | 姑不將/姑不而將 | 不得已/無奈何 | be obliged; have no choice but to; reluctant |
lofngzorng | 攏總 | 一共/一總/打總兒/全部 | all; collectively |
ma | 嘛† | 也/亦 | also; too |
mxbiern | mx免/毋免‡ | 不免/不必 | not necessary; unnecessary; not have to |
mxkuo/mxkøq | mx過/毋過‡ | 不過/然而 | but |
mxna | mx但/毋但‡ | 不只/不光/不但 | not only… |
na | 若 | 若/如果 | if |
suxnsoax | 順soax/順紲‡ | 附帶/趁便/順便 | conveniently |
pwntøea | 本底 | 本來/原本/先前 | at first; originally |
taxnsi | 但是 | 但是 | but |
tiaukafng/thiaukafng | 刁工/thiau工 | 特意 | on purpose |
tiaukorix/thiaukorix | 刁故意/thiau故意 | 存心/成心/刻意/故意 | on purpose |
tvaf | 今† | 現在/如今 | now |
twciaq | 拄ciaq/拄才‡ | 適即/剛剛 | moment ago |
Auxiliary verbs
Listen 🔊
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
aix | 愛 | 喜歡/想要/愛 | want; like |
borng | 罔† | 姑且/將就 | content oneself with; may as well |
bøe | 袂† | 不會 | be not able to; not willing to |
bøeq | 欲† | 要/如果/快要 | want; like |
bøexhiao | bøex曉/袂曉‡ | 不會 | don’t know |
bøexsae | bøex使/袂使‡ | 不可以 | it can not be; be not able to |
bøextaxng | bøex當/袂當‡ | 未為/不能 | it can not be; be not able to |
laai | 來 | 來 | let’s ; come |
m | 毋† | 不 | not |
maix | 莫† | 勿/毋 | do not |
mxthafng | mx通/毋通‡ | 不可 | may not |
øe | 會† | 會/能 | be able and willing to |
øexhiao | øex曉/會曉‡ | 能曉/會 | know |
øexsae | øex使/會使‡ | 能使/可以 | it may |
øextaxng | øex當/會當‡ | 能為/可以 | be able to |
øextitthafng | øex得通/會得通‡ | 可以 | it can be; be able to |
phvae | 歹† | 壞/惡/難 | it’s bad to |
thafng | 通 | 通過/可以 | may |
tiøqaix | 著愛 | 須 | have to |
Note on øexhiao, øexsae, etc, while written with øe-, they are pronounced with e basically everywhere except Taipag. However, the bøe- series is more varied across the island.
Adverbs (Huosuu)
See also: Huosuu
Listen 🔊
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
bøo-tviutii | 無張持‡/bø張持 | 沒注意/不小心 | unexpectedly (see hutjieen) |
ciog | 足 | 足/很 | very; very much |
ciu | 就 | 就 | then |
cyn- | 真 | 真 | very |
cviaa | 誠 | 很 | very much |
iao | 猶† | 還/尚 | still; yet |
iawbøe | 猶未‡/iaw未 | 尚未 | not yet |
juo...juo | 愈…愈 (愈) | 愈…愈 | the more…the more |
kaix | 界 | 最 | very |
kaq | 佮 | 與 | to |
kantvaf | 干tvaf/干焦‡ | 只有 | only; merely |
khaq | 較 | 比較/更/再 | more |
køhkhaq | køh較/閣較‡ | 更較/復較 | even more |
køq | 閣† | 再/還/更加 | again; more |
kuikhix | 規氣/歸氣 | 索性/乾脆 | simply; totally |
liampvy/liammy | 連鞭 | 馬上 | at once |
lorng | 攏 | 都/皆/全部 | all |
luo...luo | 愈…愈 | 愈…愈 | the more…the more |
niaxnia | 爾爾‡ | 而已 | only |
siong | 上 | 尚/最 | the most |
sioxngkaix | 上蓋 | 最 | the most |
suii | 隨 | 馬上 | immediately |
svakab | 相佮 | 一起 | together |
sviw | 傷 | 太 | too much; too many |
teq | 咧† | 在/正在 | in the process of |
thaix | 太 | 太 | very |
thaothaux | 透透 | 透徹 | thoroughly |
tø | 就† | yet; though; then | |
tvaf hai`aq | 今害矣 | ? | too bad |
twafhør/twtwafhør | 拄af好/拄仔好‡ | 剛剛好 | just right |
Prepositions
(介詞) Listen 🔊
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
ciaux | 照 | 照 | follow |
ciofng | 將 | 將 | going to ; about to |
ho | 予 | 給/乎 | to; by |
ka | 共 | 給/跟 | with; to |
kab | 佮 | 和 | with; and |
kaux | 到†/夠 | 到/夠 | to; enough |
kuozai | 據在 | 隨便 | indiscreetly; at one’s convenience |
pie | 比 | 比 | compare |
suizai | 隨在 | 任憑/任由 | at one’s convenience; no matter; regardless |
ti | 佇 | 在 | at; in |
tiaxm | 踮† | 站/在 | at; in |
ti teq / tixleq | 佇leq/佇咧‡ | 正在 | in the process of |
tngf | 當 | 當 | when; at that moment |
tuix | 對 | 對 | right; correct |
tuy | 追? | 從 | from |
uixtiøh | 為著 | 為了 | for the sake of |
Suffix particles indicating mood
Listen 🔊
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
`aq/`ax | 矣 | 呀 | an enclitic at the end of sentence to mark the completion of action |
`bøe | 未 | 未 | did… or not |
`bøo | 無† | 沒有 | yes or not |
`hvoq | 乎 | 吧 | an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate emphasize on interrogative mood |
`jiblaai | `入來 | 進來 | come in here |
`jibkhix | `入去 | 進去 | get in there |
jip`laai | 入`來 | come in | |
jip`khix | 入`去 | to go in | |
khix`aq | 去矣 | enclitic affixes to verbs to express completion of action | |
`khylaai | `起來 | get up to here | |
`khykhix | `起去 | get up to there | |
`khylix | `起去 | get up | |
khvoarmai | 看mai/看覓‡ | 看看 | just try it to see |
laq | 啦† | 啦 | an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate recognition; affirmative; impatience; completion; request |
liq/leq | 哩†/咧†! | an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate command; emphasize on interrogative mood | |
løq | 囉 | 囉 | an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate completion; exclamation; or emphasize |
`løqkhix | `落去 | 下去 | downward to there |
`løqlaai | `落來 | 下來 | downward to here |
`oq | `喔! | an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate caution; exclamation; | |
øexsae`tid | øex使得/會使得‡ | 能使得/可以的 | okay; can be; may |
tiøh | 著 | affix to many verbs expressing accomplishment or taking effect |
Verbs (Toxngsuu)
See also: Toxngsuu
Listen 🔊
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
aix | 愛 | 喜歡/想要/愛 | love; like |
ao | 拗 | 折/扭曲 | break and snap |
barn | 挽 | 拔 | pluck |
biq | 覕 | 匿/逃避/躲 | hide |
bøviar | bø影/無影‡ | 不真實的 | no such thing; groundless; unsubstantiated |
chi | 飼 | 飼 | raise; feed |
chiaau | 撨† | 移/調整 | to adjust; to move |
chiøf | 𪁎† | 好色 | be horny |
chitthøo | 𨑨迌† | 玩耍 | play; have fun |
chviaa | 晟† | 成/栽培 | to raise kids |
chviar | 請 | 請 | to request; to ask; to invite |
chviax | 倩 | 聘僱/僱用 | to hire |
chviux | 唱 | 唱 | to sing |
ciah | 食 | 吃 | to eat |
ciaokhykafng | 照起工 | 按部就班 | keep to the working routine |
cym | 唚† | 吻 | to kiss |
giaa | 夯† | 抬 | carry heavy thing over the shoulder |
giexn | 癮† | 癮/渴望 | to crave; addict |
giin | 睨† | 凝 | stare |
hahhix | 哈hix/哈唏‡ | 喝噓/打哈欠 | to yawn |
hao | 吼 | 哭/叫 | roar; howl |
haxmbiin | 陷眠 | 做夢 | talk in one's sleep; dreaming |
hiaam | 嫌 | 嫌 | to detest; to dislike |
hiin | 眩 | 眩/暈 | dizzy |
hipsiong | 翕相 | 照相 | take a picture |
hiøq | 歇 | 休息 | rest |
hiw | 咻† | 喊 | scream; shout |
hoaq | 喝 | 喊 | shout |
i | 奕 | 玩 | to play |
jiarng | 嚷 | 嚷 | shout |
jiog | 逐 | 追 | to chase; to follow |
kaam | 含 | 含/唅 | hold in the mouth |
kah'ix | 佮意 | 中意 | feel satisfied; take delight |
kaxn | 姦† | 姦 | intercourse |
kerng | 揀 | 揀 | choose; select |
khausøea | 剾洗 | 諷刺/刨說 | give sarcastic; ironical caustic comments |
khaw | 剾 | 諷刺/刮/刨 | speak ironically |
khia | 徛† | 豎/站 | to stand |
khoarn | 款 | 整理行李 | pack; prepare for travel |
khuxn | 睏† | 睡 | sleep |
khvoax | 看 | 看 | to see |
kiernsiaux | 見笑 | 丟人 | feel ashamed; embarrassed |
kiørsi | 叫是 | 以為 | assume; presume |
korng | 講 | 講 | to say; to speak |
koxng | 摃† | 打/摃 | hit |
køeasyn | 過身 | 過世 | pass away; die |
kviaa | 行 | 行走 | walk |
kvoa | 捾† | 攜 | carry by a handle |
kvoaa`tiøh | 寒著 | 著涼 | catch cold |
laosae | 落屎 | 拉肚子/瀉肚子 | have loose bowel |
larm | 攬 | 攬 | embrace/bear |
liah | 掠 | 掠/捕 | catch; grasp |
liam | 唸 | 唸 | to read; to recite |
liaqzurn | 掠準 | 以為 | presume |
liaxm | 捻† | 捻 | to drive; to expel |
lym | 啉† | 喝/飲 | to drink |
ngx | 向 | 向 | to face |
oar | 倚 | 倚 | recline; lean on |
ølør | 呵咾† | 讚美 | praise |
parngsag | 放捒† | 放棄 | give up; abandon |
phag | 覆/仆 | 覆/仆 | lying face down |
phahkhachviux | 拍咳啾‡ | 打噴嚏 | sneeze |
phahphvae`khix | 拍歹去‡ | to ruin; spoil; make a mess of something | |
phak jidthaau | 曝日頭 | 晒太陽 | be exposed to sunshine; sunbath |
pharngkvix | 拍毋見‡ | 丟掉/不見 | lose; misplace |
phoarpvi | 破病 | 生病 | get sick |
phvi | 鼻 | 聞/嗅 | smell |
phuix | 呸† | 吐/翻臉/唾 | spit |
po | 哺† | 哺 | chew |
poah | 跋† | 跌 | fall down |
poaqkiao 🔊 | 跋筊‡ | 賭博 | gamble |
puun | 歕 | 吹 | to blow |
saf | 捎 | 抓 | to grasp; to catch |
siafphøef | 寫批 | 寫信 | to write a letter |
siar | 寫 | 寫 | to write |
siuu | 泅 | 泅 | to swim |
siuxkhix | 受氣 | 生氣 | get angry; get upset |
soahsoaq`khix | 煞煞去 | 算了 | to stop or discontinue with intention; call it off |
søeaji 🔊/seaji 🔊 | 細膩 | 小心 | be careful; concerned; deliberate; watchful |
søf | 挲 | 搔/搓 | stroke; rub; pet |
søo | 趖† | 爬行 | wonder around |
suq | 欶 | 吸 | suck |
tafm | 啖† | 嚐 | lick; taste |
thef | 䖙† | 靠/躺 | recline; lean on |
theh | 提† | 提/拿 | to lift |
thviaf | 聽 | 聽 | to listen |
tiøo | 趒 | 跳 | jump |
tngr`khix | 轉去 | 回去 | go home; go back |
tong | 洞 | 洞 | poke; hole |
tør`leq | 倒咧! | 倒哩! | lying down |
tuhkw | 盹龜‡ | 打瞌睡 | doze |
zaiviar | 知影 | 知道 | be aware of |
zao | 走 | 跑/逃 | to run; to leave |
zefng | 舂 | 舂 | hit |
zhamsioong | 參詳 | 商量 | discuss; confer |
zhoa | 𤆬† | 導/迎娶 | lead; guide; accompany; escort; show the way |
zhoafnkhuix | 喘氣 | 呼吸 | breathe |
zhoaq | 掣 | 顫 | to shake; to tremble; to shiver |
zhoxng | 創 | 創 | to do; to create; to establish |
zhoxng sviar | 創啥‡ | 創甚 | to do something |
zhw | 趨‡ | 滑 | to slide |
zng/cvi | 吮/舐 | 饌 | to lick |
zuxn | 顫† | 抖 | shiver |
Adjectives (Heng'iongsuu)
Listen 🔊
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
bae | 䆀 | 醜 | ugly; mean |
bø'eeng | 無閒‡ | 無閑 | busy |
bøzhae | 無彩‡ | 可惜/白費 | too bad; regrettable |
chirnzhae | 凊彩 | 隨便/馬虎 | one or other; either way |
chiuchixn | 秋凊 | 涼快 | pleasantly cool |
chvihun/zhvehun | 生份 | 陌生/生疏 | strange; unfamiliar |
cidkoar | 一寡‡ | 少許/一些 | some; a little; a few |
cidsi'ar | 一絲仔‡ | 絲毫 | a little bit |
cidsut'ar | 一屑仔† | 一點點 | a little bit |
ciør | 少 | 少 | few |
eng'eeng | 閒閒 | 閒著沒事 | not busy |
gaau | 𠢕 | 賢 | clever; good at …; wise |
gong | 戇 | 傻 | stupid; silly |
hanban/hamban | 頇顢‡/頇ban | 愚笨 | incompetent; clumsy; unskillful |
hiaau | 嬈† | 嬲 | lascivious; lewd |
hiafm | 薟 | 辛 | hot; spicy |
høfgiah | 好額 | 有錢 | rich |
høfkhafng | 好空 | 好門路 | lucky; blessed |
høfsex | 好勢 | 好勢 | settled; finished |
huiekhix | 費氣 | 麻煩 | troublesome; difficult |
hvoahie | 歡喜 | 高興 | glad ; happy |
ientaau | 緣投 | 英俊 | handsome |
jixncyn | 認真 | 認真 | serious |
keksae | 激屎 | 傲慢 | snobbish; snooty; |
khiao | 巧 | 聰明 | clever; intelligent |
khiarngkhaf | 勥跤‡ | 精明/厲害 | shrewd; ambitious |
khoaelok | 快樂 | 快樂 | happy |
khofng | 悾 | 呆笨 | frantic; wild; maniac |
khor | 苦 | 苦 | bitter |
khunkhiam | 勤儉 | 勤儉 | hard-working and thrifty; diligent and frugal |
kiaam | 鹹 | 鹹 | salty (also stingy) |
kirn | 緊 | 快/急 | fast |
kofix | 古意 | 忠厚/老實 | gentle; mild; well-behaved |
kofzuy | 古錐 | 可愛 | cute |
koarnsix | 慣勢 | 習慣 | used to; accustomed to |
kutlat | 骨力 | 勤勞 | hard-working |
kvialaang | 驚人‡ | dirty; filthy; soiled | |
lau | 老 | 老 | old |
lahsab | 垃圾‡ | 骯髒 | dirty; filthy |
lixpien | 利便 | 便利 | convenient |
og | 惡 | 不好的 | bad; evil |
phahpviax | 拍拚 | 打拚 | work very hard; exerting the utmost strength |
phvae | 歹† | 壞/惡/難 | bad; evil |
phvaysex | 歹勢‡ | 不好意思 | embarrassed; shy; coy |
pintvoa | 貧惰 | 怠惰 | lazy |
sarnchiaq | 散赤 | 赤貧 | poor; poverty |
segsai | 熟似 | 熟識 | familiar; reminiscent |
siab | 澀 | rough; a slightly bitter taste that numbs the tongue | |
siaolieen | 少年 | 少年 | young |
sien | 𤺪† | 倦 | tired; sick of |
simseg | 心適 | interesting | |
siok | 俗 | cheap; not expensive | |
siøfkhoar | 小可仔‡ | 稍微 | some; a little; a few |
siongpurn | 傷本 | 高成本/花費大 | cost too much; too expensive; costly |
sngf | 酸 | sour | |
soong | 倯† | hick; clownish; bucolic; stupid | |
søex | 細 | small; little | |
suie | 媠† | 美 | beautiful |
tarngsngf | 凍霜 | stingy | |
taxmpøqar | 淡薄仔‡ | some; a little bit | |
thiarm | 忝† | tired; weary | |
thihkhie | 鐵齒 | stubborn | |
thøfzex | 討債 | prodigal; in expenditure | |
tiaau | 牢 | 牢/住 | tight |
tiautit | 條直 | honest and straight-forward | |
toa | 大 | 大 | big |
tvy | 甜 | 甜 | sweet |
voax | 晏 | 晚/遲 | late |
zar | 早 | early | |
zhengkhix | 清氣 | clean | |
zhwn | 賰† | 剩 | (adj) more than enough |
zøe | 濟† | 多 | plenty; many |
Nouns - blood relation and relations by marriage
Listen 🔊
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
acie | 阿姊 | older sister | |
acirm | 阿嬸 | the wife of one’s father’s younger brother | |
afng | 翁 | husband | |
ahviaf | 阿兄 | older brother | |
akim | 阿妗 | wife of maternal uncle | |
akofng | 阿公 | grandfather | |
aku | 阿舅 | mother’s brother | |
amar | 阿媽 | grandmother | |
amr | 阿姆 | the wife of one’s father’s older brother | |
apeq | 阿伯 | father’s older brother | |
azeg | 阿叔 | father’s younger brother | |
bor | 某† | 妻 | wife |
gyn'ar | 囡仔† | 孩子 | kids |
hauxsvy | 後生 | 兒子 | son |
khanchiuo`ee | 牽手 | wife | |
kviafsaix | 囝婿 | son-in-law | |
kviar | 囝 | 子 | child; son |
mamaf/mafmaq | 媽媽 | mother | |
papaf | 爸爸 | father | |
Siensvy | 先生 | Mr.; Sir | |
simpu/sinpu | 新婦 | 媳婦 | daughter-in-law |
siøfmoe | 小妹 | younger sister | |
siøfti | 小弟 | younger brother | |
sixtoa | 序大 | the senior; elder | |
sun'ar | 孫仔‡ | grandchildren | |
takef | 大家‡ | 婆婆 | husband’s mother |
takvoaf | 大官‡ | 公公 | husband’s father |
tangmngg`ee | 同門的‡ | 連襟 | the men whose wives are sisters |
tangsai | 同姒 | 妯娌 | the women whose husbands are brothers |
Thaethaix | 太太 | Mrs. | |
tviuxlaang | 丈人‡ | 岳父 | wife’s father |
tviuxmr | 丈姆 | wife’s mother | |
zabor-kviar | 查某囝‡ | daughter | |
zapof-kviar | 查甫囝‡ | son |
Nouns describing body (sengkhw)
Listen 🔊
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
axmkurn | 頷頸‡ | neck | |
bagbaai | 目眉 | eye brow | |
bagciw | 目睭‡ | 眼睛 | eye |
chiuo | 手 | hands | |
chiwkhiaw | 手曲 | elbow | |
exhaai | 下頦 | lower jaw | |
hengkharm | 胸坎 | chest; thorax | |
hvi | 耳 | ears | |
hvixkhafng | 耳空 | ear hole/ear | |
hvixzw | 耳珠 | ear lobe | |
kengkahthaau | 肩胛頭 | shoulder | |
khachiuo | 跤手 | 手和腳 | foot and hands |
khaf | 跤 | 腳 | legs |
khazhngf | 尻川† | 臀 | buttocks |
na'aau | 嚨喉 | 咽喉 | throat |
paktor | 腹肚 | stomach | |
phvi (phvi'ar) | 鼻 | nose | |
sengkhw | 身軀 | trunk; body | |
thaukhag | 頭殼 | head | |
thaumngg | 頭毛 | hair | |
thauzafng | 頭鬃 | hair | |
toxzaai | 肚臍 | belly button | |
zhuie'extao | 喙下斗 | lower jaw | |
zhuiekhie | 喙齒 | teeth | |
zhuietuun | 喙脣 | lips | |
zhuix | 喙 | mouth |
Nouns - general use
Listen 🔊
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
kankhor | 艱苦 | hardship | |
loxiong/loxeng | 路用 | use | |
miqkvia | 物件 | thing | |
paxnsex | 範勢 | 辦勢 | condition; situation |
sapbuun | 雪文‡ | soap | |
senglie | 生理 | 生意 | business |
sihnax | 爍爁† | 閃電 | lightning |
sofzai | 所在 | place; location | |
taixcix | 代誌‡ | 事情 | thing |
zhuopvy | 厝邊 | neighbor |
Nouns - Time (sikafn)
See also: sikafn
Listen 🔊
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
armsii | 暗時 | at night; night time | |
armthau'ar | 暗頭仔‡ | evening | |
au`jit | 後日 | the day after tomorrow | |
auxjit | 後日 | 幾天後 | some other day in the future |
bin'afzaix/mia'afzaix | 明仔載‡ | tomorrow | |
bømii-bøjit | 無暝無日 | day in day out | |
cidtiafm'ar-kuo | 一點仔久‡ | only a little bit long | |
cidtiap'ar-kuo | 一霎仔†久 | in a moment | |
cirnzeeng | 進前 | 無多久以前 | not long ago |
citmar | 這馬† | 現在 | right now |
citzun | 這陣† | 這時 | right now |
ehngf | 下昏‡ | 今昏 | tonight |
eng'axm | 下昏暗‡ | 今暗/今晚 | tonight |
etaux | 下晝‡ | 今罩/今午 | this afternoon |
expof | 下晡 | afternoon | |
extaux | 下晝 | afternoon | |
hiexntai | 現代 | modern | |
hiøhjoah | 歇熱 | summer vacation | |
hiøhkvoaa | 歇寒 | winter vacation | |
jit`sii | 日時 | day time | |
joaqthvy | 熱天 | summer | |
khahtheng'ar | 較停仔‡ | in a very short time | |
kin'afjit | 今仔日‡ | today | |
kinnii | 今年 | this year | |
kofzar | 古早 | long long ago | |
køeakhix | 過去 | in the past | |
kuxnii | 舊年 | last year | |
kvoathvy | 寒天 | winter | |
Lefpaejit | 禮拜日 | Sunday | |
Paeid | 拜一 | 禮拜一 | Monday |
Paeji | 拜二 | 禮拜二 | Tuesday |
Paesvaf | 拜三 | 禮拜三 | Wednesday |
Paesix | 拜四 | 禮拜四 | Thursday |
Paego | 拜五 | 禮拜五 | Friday |
Paelak | 拜六 | 禮拜六 | Saturday |
sincviaf | 新正 | lunar new year | |
tangthvy | 冬天 | winter | |
thao'axm | 透暗 | all night; very late at night | |
thaomii | 透暝 | all night | |
thaozar | 透早 | very early in the morning | |
thaozar-thao'axm | 透早透暗 | day or night | |
thautwar | 頭拄仔‡ | not long ago | |
thvikngf | 天光 | dawn; at dawn | |
tiongtaux | 中晝 | noon | |
tviaxtvia | 定定 | quite often | |
twciaq | 拄才‡ | 剛剛 | just now; just a moment ago |
za'axm | 昨暗 | last night | |
zafban | 早慢 | sooner or later | |
zafkhie | 早起 | morning | |
zahngf/zaqhngf | 昨昏 | 昨天 | yesterday |
zhunthvy | 春天 | 春天 | spring |
zøh`jit | 昨日 | 前天 | the day before yesterday |
zuun`nii | 前年‡ | the year before last year |