View source for Talk:Bungieen kab peqoe

'''{{x|Bungieen kab peqoe}}''' / '''{{x|Buun-pek i-thok}}''' (文白異讀; {{w|Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters}})

== Literary vs colloquial ==
* {{gs|pegthok|白讀|colloquial readings}} - usually used in normal speech (''[[peqoe]]'')
* {{gs|bunthok|文讀|literary readings}} - usually used in formal loan words or names, when reading aloud and in formal settings
* For example, {{dft_thj|白}} has the following readings in the ''[[Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan]]'':
** {{p}} ''{{x|peh}}''
** {{b}} ''{{x|pek}}''

* Another major class of readings is ''{{x|thøex}}'', for when a [[substitute character]] is used in place of the spoken word. For example, {{dft_thj|肉}}:
** {{t}} ''{{x|baq}}''
** {{p}} ''{{x|hek}}''
** {{b}} ''{{x|jiok}}''

'''Vernacular readings''', marked {{gs|siok|俗}}, are relatively rare. See {{gs|pof|埠}}, {{gs|lok|錄}}, {{gs|kiok|劇}}, for example.

== More examples ==
Most [[Hokkien numerals]] have both literary and colloquial readings. Literary readings are typically used when the numerals are read out loud (e.g. [[tiexn'oe|telephone]] numbers), while colloquial readings are used for counting items. 

The following chart, from {{w|Amoy_dialect#Literary_and_colloquial_readings}}, illustrates some of the more commonly seen sound shifts:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Colloquial
!Literary
!colspan=4| Example
|- bgcolor=lightgrey
| [p-], [pʰ-]
| [h-]
| {{th|分}}
| {{x|pwn}}
| {{x|hwn}}
| ''divide''
|-
| [ts-], [tsʰ-], [tɕ-], [tɕʰ-]
| [s-], [ɕ-]
| {{th|成}}
| {{x|cviaa}}
| {{x|seeng}}
| ''to become''
|- bgcolor=lightgrey
| [k-], [kʰ-]
| [tɕ-], [tɕʰ-]
| {{th|指}}
| {{x|kie}}
| {{x|cie}}
| ''finger''
|-
| [-ã], [-uã]
| [-an]
| {{th|看}}
| {{x|khvoax}}
| {{x|khaxn}}
| ''to see''
|- bgcolor=lightgrey
| [-ʔ]
| [-t]
| {{th|食}}
| {{x|ciah}}
| {{x|sit}}
| ''to eat''
|-
| [-i]
| [-e]
| {{th|世}}
| {{x|six}}
| {{x|sex}}
| ''world''
|- bgcolor=lightgrey
| [-e]
| [-a]
| {{th|家}}
| {{x|kef}}
| {{x|kaf}}
| ''family''
|-
| [-ia]
| [-i]
| {{tj|徛}} / {{th|企}}
| {{x|khia}}
| {{x|khix}}
| ''to stand''
|}

==More details==
The following is adapted from {{w|Hokkien#Literary_and_colloquial_readings}}:
* The bulk of literary readings are based on pronunciations of the vernacular during the [[Toong-tiaau|Tang dynasty]] and mainly used in formal phrases and written language (e.g. philosophical concepts, surnames, and some place names). 
* Literary readings tend to be more similar to the pronunciations of the Tang standard of [[Middle Chinese]] than their colloquial equivalents. 
* The colloquial (or vernacular) readings are basically used in spoken language and vulgar (ordinary/common) phrases. 
* The divergence between literary and colloquial is due to several "strata" in the Min lexicon. See {{w|Proto-Min_language#Strata}}

== See also ==
* [[Substitute character]]
* [[Most common surnames in Taiwan]]

[[Category:Gwgieen-hak]]