View source for Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji

'''''Taiguo Siong'iong 460 ji''''' (台語常用460字; ''460 Frequently-Used Taiwanese Words'') written in [[Modern Literal Taiwanese]] with English definitions. Adapted from: 黃美雲 (2004) [https://learntaiwanese.org/english/misc/460ji.doc ''Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji''] [''460 Common Taiwanese Words'']. 台語文協會. 

== Personal pronouns ==
Main article: [[Personal pronouns]]

[[File:460A.mp3]]
{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || Hoaguo || Engguo
|-
| {{x|goar}} ||我||我||I; me
|-
| {{x|gurn}} ||{{tj|阮}}||我們/我的||we; us; (not including listener)
|-
| {{x|goarn}} ||{{tj|阮}}||我/我們/我等/咱們||we; us; (not including listener)
|-
| {{x|kaki}} ||{{wt|家己}}||自己||self
|-
| {{x|larn}} ||{{tj|咱}}||我們/咱||we; us; (includes listener)
|-
| {{x|lie}} ||{{wt|汝}}/{{tj|你}}/妳||你/妳/汝||you
|-
| {{x|lirn}} ||{{tj|恁}}||你們/你的/你們的||you (plural/exclusive)
|-
| {{x|tag'ee}} ||{{wt|逐个}}||各個/每個||everybody
|-
| [[taixkef]] ({{x|tagkef}}) ||{{wt|大家}}||大家||everybody; all the people
|-
| {{x|y}} ||{{wt|伊}}||他/她/祂||he; she; it; his; her
|-
| {{x|yn}} ||{{tj|𪜶}} ||他們/他的||they; them
|}

== Demonstrative pronouns ==
[[File:460B.mp3]]
{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
| {{x|cidee}} || cid个 ||一個||one
|-
| {{x|ciaf}}^ ||{{tj|遮}}||這裡||here
|-
| {{x|ciah'ee}} ({{x|ciaf`ee}})  ||{{tj|遮的}}||這些||these
|-
| {{x|ciahniq}}' ({{x|ciahni}}) ||{{tj|遮爾}} ||這麼||such; so
|-
| {{x|cit'ee}} || cit个 ||這個||this one
|-
| {{x|citkhoarn}} ||cit款 ||這種/這樣||this kind of
|-
| {{x|hef}}^ ||{{tj|彼}} ||那||that one
|-
| {{x|hiah'ee}} ({{x|hiaf`ee}}) ||{{tj|遐的}} ||那些||those
|-
| {{x|hiaf}}^ ||{{tj|遐}} ||那裡||there
|-
| {{x|hiahniq}}' ({{x|hiahni}}) ||{{tj|遐爾}} ||那麼||in that way
|-
| {{x|hit'ee}} ||{{ptj|彼个}} ||那個||that one
|-
| {{x|hitkhoarn}} ||{{ptj|彼款}} ||那款||that kind of
|-
| {{x|sviafkhoarn}} ||{{ptj|啥款}} ||怎麼樣||what kind
|-
| {{x|symmih'khoarn}} ||symmih款 ||什麼樣||what do you think
|-
| {{x|zef}}^ ||{{tj|這}}||這||this one
|}

[[Tone sandhi]] exceptions: 
* ^: words that never change tone.
* ': words ending with apostrophe, which will be directly followed by another word with no space.

== Interrogative pronouns ==
[[File:460C.mp3]]
{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
| {{x|joaxkuo}} || {{ptj|偌久}} ||多久 ||how long
|-
| {{x|joaxtoa}} (goaxtoa) || {{ptj|偌大}} ||多大 ||how big
|-
| [[joaxzøe]] ({{x|goaxzøe}}) ||{{tj|偌濟}} ||多少 ||how many; how much
|-
| {{x|kuyee}} ||幾个 ||{{wt|幾個}} ||how many
|-
| {{x|kuyjit}} ||幾日 ||幾日 ||how many days
|-
| {{x|kuykafng}} ||{{wt|幾工}} ||幾天 ||how many days
|-
| {{x|kuytiarm}} ||幾點 ||幾點 ||what time it is
|-
| {{x|nar}} ||{{tj|哪}} ||怎 ||how; why; what
|-
| {{x|nar øe}} ({{x|naføe}}) ||{{tj|哪會}} ||怎會 ||how come; how could this be possible
|-
| {{x|sviafhøex}} || {{ptj|啥貨|sviaf貨}} ||甚麼/什麼東西 ||what
|-
| {{x|sviaflaang}} ||{{tj|啥人}} ||哪個/孰/誰/誰人/誰個 ||who
|-
| {{x|sviar}} ||{{tj|啥}} ||甚 ||what
|-
| [[symmih]]^ ({{x|sviafmiq}}, {{x|sviafmih}}) || {{ptj|啥物|sym物}} ||什麼 ||what
|-
| {{x|symmih'laang}} ({{x|sviaflaang}}) ||sym物laang ||什麼人 ||who
|-
| {{x|tafcidee}} ({{x|tøfcidee}}) || {{ptj|佗一个|tøfcid个}} ||哪一個 ||which one
|-
| {{x|tafcidhang}} ({{x|tøfcidhang}}) ||tøfcid項 ||哪一項 ||which item
|-
| {{x|tafcidui}} ({{x|tøfcidui}}) ||tøfcid位 ||哪一位 ||which one
|-
| {{x|tangsii}} ||{{wt|當時}} ||何時 ||when
|-
| [[tafui]] ({{x|tøfui}}) || {{ptj|佗位|tøf位}} ||那裡 ||where
|-
| {{x|uixhøo}} ||{{wt|為何}} ||因何/為什麼/為何 ||why; for what
|-
| {{x|ui-symmih}}^ ({{x|ui}} {{x|sviafmiq}})^ || {{ptj|為甚物|為sym物}} ||為什麼 ||why; for what. see ''[[si-afnzvoar]]''
|}

== Conjunctions ==
[[File:460_Conjunctions.mp3]]
{| class="wikitable"
! MTL  || THJ  || MSM  || ENG
|-
| {{x|afnnef}}/{{x|afnny}}  ||{{tj|按呢}} ||這樣子 / 如此 ||well…then
|-
| {{x|afnzvoar}}  || {{ptj|按怎}} ||何以 / 怎的 / 怎麼 ||how
|-
| {{x|chinchviu}} ||{{wt|親像}}  ||就像 ||as; such as; as if
|-
| {{x|citmar}} || {{ptj|這馬|cit馬}} / {{wt|即碼}} ||現在 ||at this moment
|-
| {{x|hafntid}} ({{x|harn`tid}}) ||{{wt|罕得}} ||少有 / 難得 ||rarely; seldom
|-
| {{x|høfkazaix}} [[høfkazaix|...]] || {{ptj|好佳哉|好佳zaix}}  ||幸好 / 幸虧 ||fortunately
|-
| {{x|iah}}  ||{{wt|抑}}  ||或 / 抑  ||or
|-
| {{x|iao}} ||{{tj|猶}}  ||而 ||but; still (synonym [[iawkøq]])
|-
| {{x|in'ui}}...{{x|sofie}} ||{{wt|因為}}…{{wt|所以}} || ||because…therefore
|-
| {{x|kab}} ||{{wt|佮}} ||和 ||and; with
|-
| {{x|kiafmzhae}} ||{{wt|檢采}} / 減采 ||{{wt|假使}} ||perhaps
|-
| {{x|kaxngkhoarn}} || {{ptj|仝款|kaxng款}} / 共款  ||一樣 / 同樣 / 相同 / 相像 ||same ; similar
|-
| {{x|koputjiciofng}} ({{x|koputciofng}}) || {{wt|姑不而將}} / {{wt|姑不將}}  ||不得已 / 無奈何 ||be obliged; have no choice but to; reluctant
|-
| {{x|lofngzorng}} ||{{wt|攏總}} ||一共 / 一總 / 打總兒 / 全部 ||all; collectively
|-
| {{x|ma}} ||{{tj|嘛}} ||也 / 亦 ||also; too
|-
| {{x|mxbiern}} || {{ptj|毋免|mx免}} ||不免 / 不必 ||not necessary; unnecessary; not have to
|-
| {{x|mxkøq}} ({{x|mxkuo}}) || {{ptj|毋過}}  ||不過 / 然而 ||but
|-
| {{x|mxna}} || {{ptj|毋但}}  ||不只 / 不光 / 不但 ||not only…
|-
| {{x|na}} ||{{wt|若}} ||若 / 如果 ||if
|-
| {{x|suxnsoax}} || {{ptj|順紲|順soax}} ||附帶 / 趁便 / 順便 ||conveniently
|-
| {{x|pwntøea}} ||{{wt|本底}} ||本來 / 原本 / 先前 ||at first; originally
|-
| {{x|taxnsi}} ||{{wt|但是}} ||但是 ||but
|-
| {{x|thiaukafng}} ||{{wt|刁工}} / thiau工  ||特意 ||on purpose
|-
| {{x|tiaukorix}} ({{x|thiaukorix}}) ||{{wt|刁故意}}  ||存心 / 成心 / 刻意 / 故意 ||on purpose
|-
| {{x|tvaf}} ||{{tj|今}} ||現在 / 如今 ||now
|-
| {{x|twciaq}} || {{ptj|拄才|拄ciaq}}  ||適即 / 剛剛 ||moment ago
|}

== Auxiliary verbs ==
[[File:Auxiliary verbs.mp3]]
{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
| {{x|aix}} [[aix|...]] ||{{wt|愛}}||喜歡/想要/愛||want; like
|-
| {{x|borng}}||{{tj|罔}} ||姑且/將就||content oneself with; may as well
|-
| {{x|bøe}} [[bøe (boe/be)|...]] ||{{tj|袂}} ||不會||be not able to; not willing to
|-
| {{x|bøeq}} [[bøeq|...]] ||{{tj|欲}} ||要/如果/快要||want; like
|-
| {{x|bøexhiao}} [[bøexhiao|...]] || {{ptj|袂曉}} ||不會||don’t know
|-
| {{x|bøexsae}} [[bøexsae|...]] || {{ptj|袂使}} ||不可以||it can not be; be not able to
|-
| {{x|bøextaxng}} [[bøextaxng|...]] || {{ptj|袂當}} ||未為/不能||it can not be; be not able to
|-
| {{x|øe}} [[øe (toxngsuu)|...]] ||{{tj|會}} ||會/能||be able and willing to
|-
| {{x|øexhiao}} [[øexhiao|...]]|| {{ptj|會曉}} ||能曉/會  ||know
|-
| {{x|øexsae}} [[øexsae|...]] || {{ptj|會使}} ||能使/可以||it may
|-
| {{x|øextaxng}} [[øextaxng|...]] ||{{ptj|會當}} ||能為/可以||be able to
|-
| {{x|øextitthafng}} ||{{ptj|會得通}} ||可以||it can be; be able to
|-
| {{x|laai}}||{{wt|來}} ||來||let’s ; come
|-
| {{x|m}} ||{{tj|毋}} ||不||not
|-
| {{x|maix}} [[maix|...]] ||{{tj|莫}} ||勿/毋||do not
|-
| {{x|mxthafng}}||{{wt|毋通}} ||不可||may not
|-
| {{x|phvae}}||{{tj|歹}} ||壞/惡/難||it’s bad to
|-
| {{x|thafng}}||{{wt|通}} ||通過/可以||may
|-
| {{x|tiøqaix}}||著愛||須||have to
|}

== Adverbs (Huosuu) ==
See also: [[Huosuu]]

[[File:460_Huosuu.mp3]]

{| class="wikitable"
! MTL  || THJ  || MSM  || ENG
|-
| {{x|bøo-tviutii}} ||{{ptj|無張持}} ||沒注意/不小心 ||unexpectedly (see {{x|hutjieen}})
|-
| [[uxkaux|ciog]] ||{{wt|足}} ||足/很 ||very; very much
|-
| {{x|ciu}} ||{{wt|就}}  ||就 ||then
|-
| {{x|cyn}}- ||{{wt|真}}  ||真 ||very
|-
| {{x|cviaa}} ||{{wt|誠}}  ||很 ||very much
|-
| {{x|iao}} ||{{tj|猶}}  ||還/尚 || still; yet
|-
| [[iawbøe]] ||{{ptj|猶未}}  ||尚未 ||not yet
|-
| {{x|juo}}...juo ||愈…愈 ({{wt|愈}}) ||愈…愈 ||the more…the more
|-
| {{x|kaix}} ||{{wt|蓋}} ||最 ||very (see [[uxkaux]])
|-
| {{x|kaq}} ||{{wt|佮}}  ||與 ||to
|-
| {{x|kannaf}} ({{x|kantvaf}}) || {{ptj|干焦|干tvaf}}  ||只有 ||only; merely
|-
| {{x|khaq}} ||{{wt|較}} ||比較/更/再 ||more
|-
| {{x|køhkhaq}} ||{{ptj|閣較}} ||更較/復較 ||even more
|-
| {{x|køq}} ||{{tj|閣}}  ||再/還/更加 ||again; more
|-
| {{x|kuikhix}} ||{{wt|規氣}}/歸氣  ||索性/乾脆 ||simply; totally
|-
| {{x|liammy}} ({{x|liampvy}}) ||{{wt|連鞭}}  ||馬上 ||at once
|-
| {{x|lorng}} ||{{wt|攏}} ||都/皆/全部 ||all
|-
| {{x|luo}}...luo ||愈…愈 ||愈…愈 ||the more…the more
|-
| {{x|niaxnia}} ||{{tj|爾爾}}  ||而已 ||only
|-
| {{x|siong}} ||{{wt|上}}  ||尚/最 ||the most
|-
| {{x|sioxngkaix}} ||{{wt|上蓋}}  ||最 ||the most
|-
| {{x|suii}} ||{{wt|隨}}  ||馬上 ||immediately
|-
| {{x|svakab}} ||{{wt|相佮}}  ||一起 ||together
|-
| {{x|sviw}} ||{{wt|傷}}  ||太 ||too much; too many
|-
| {{x|teq}} ||{{tj|咧}}  ||在/正在 ||in the process of
|-
| {{x|thaix}} ||{{wt|太}}  ||太 ||very
|-
| {{x|thaothaux}} ||{{wt|透透}}  ||透徹 ||thoroughly
|-
| {{x|tø}} ||{{tj|就}}  ||  ||yet; though; then
|-
| {{x|tvaf hai`aq}} ({{x|hai`laq}}) ||{{wt|今害矣}}  ||? ||"too bad"
|-
| {{x|twafhør}} ({{x|twtwafhør}}) ||{{ptj|拄仔好}}  ||剛剛好 ||just right
|}

== Prepositions ==
{{gs|kaesuu|介詞}}
[[File:460_kaesuu.mp3]]

{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
| {{x|ciaux}}||{{wt|照}}||照||follow
|-
| {{x|ciofng}}||{{wt|將}} ||將||going to ; about to
|-
| {{x|ho}}||{{wt|予}} ||給/乎||to; by
|-
| {{x|ka}}||{{wt|共}} ||給/跟||with; to
|-
| {{x|kab}}||{{wt|佮}} ||和||with; and
|-
| {{x|kaux}}||{{tj|到}}/{{wt|夠}} ||到/夠||to; enough
|-
| {{x|kiezai}}/{{x|kuozai}} ||{{wt|據在}} ||隨便||indiscreetly; at one’s convenience
|-
| {{x|pie}}||{{wt|比}}||比||compare
|-
| {{x|suizai}}||{{wt|隨在}}||任憑/任由||at one’s convenience; no matter; regardless
|-
| {{x|ti}}||{{wt|佇}}||在||at; in
|-
| {{x|tiaxm}}||{{tj|踮}} ||站/在||at; in
|-
| {{x|tixleq}} (ti teq) ||{{ptj|佇咧|佇leq}} ||正在||in the process of
|-
| {{x|tngf}}||{{wt|當}} ||當||when; at that moment
|-
| {{x|tuix}}||{{wt|對}} || 對|| to, towards, with regard to, from. see also {{x|uix}}
|-
| {{x|tuy}} || {{wt|追}} ||從|| to follow behind or catch up from behind; to chase after, woo, pursue
|-
| {{x|uixtiøh}} ||{{wt|為著}}||為了||for the sake of
|}

== Suffix particles indicating mood ==
''See also'': [[Twenty-seven Taiwanese words beginning with the backquote]]

{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
| {{x|`aq}} / `ax||{{wt|矣}}||呀||an enclitic at the end of sentence to mark the completion of action
|-
| `[[Bøe (boe/be)|bøe]] ||{{wt|未}}||未||did… or not
|-
| `{{x|bøo}} ||{{tj|無}}||沒有||yes or not
|-
| {{x|`hvoq}} ||{{wt|乎}} ||吧||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate emphasize on interrogative mood
|-
| `{{x|jiblaai}} ||`入來||進來||come in here
|-
| `{{x|jibkhix}} ||`入去||進去||get in there
|-
| {{x|jip`laai}} ||入`來|| ||come in
|-
| {{x|jip`khix}}||入`去|| ||to go in
|-
| {{x|khix`aq}}||去矣||||enclitic affixes to verbs to express completion of action
|-
| `{{x|khylaai}}||`起來||||get up to here
|-
| `{{x|khykhix}} ||`起去||||get up to there
|-
| `{{x|khylix}} ||`起去||||get up
|-
| {{x|øexsae`tid}} ||{{ptj|會使得}}||能使得/可以的||okay; can be; may
|-
| {{x|khvoarmai}} ||{{ptj|看覓|看mai}} ||看看||just try it to see
|-
| {{x|`laq}} ||{{tj|啦}}||啦||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate recognition; affirmative; impatience; completion; request
|-
| {{x|`liq}} / {{x|`leq}} ||{{tj|哩}}/{{tj|咧}}!||||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate command; emphasize on interrogative mood
|-
| {{x|`løq}} / {{x|`loq}} ||{{wt|囉}}||囉||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate completion; exclamation; or emphasize
|-
| `{{x|løqkhix}}||`落去||下去||downward to there
|-
| `{{x|løqlaai}}||`落來||下來||downward to here
|-
| {{x|`oq}} ||`喔!||||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate caution; exclamation;
|-
| {{x|tiøh}} ||{{wt|著}}|| ||affix to many verbs expressing accomplishment or taking effect
|}

== Verbs (Toxngsuu) ==
See also: [[Toxngsuu]]
[[File:460_Toxngsuu.mp3]]

{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
|{{x|aix}} ||{{wt|愛}} ||喜歡/想要/愛||love; like
|-
| {{x|ao}} ||{{wt|拗}}||折/扭曲||break and snap
|-
| {{x|barn}} ||{{wt|挽}}||拔||pluck
|-
| {{x|biq}} ||{{wt|覕}} ||匿/逃避/躲||hide
|-
| [[bøviar]]||bø影/{{ptj|無影}} ||不真實的 ||no such thing; groundless; unsubstantiated
|-
| {{x|chi}} ||{{wt|飼}}||飼||raise; feed
|-
| {{x|chiaau}} ||{{tj|撨}} ||移/調整||to adjust; to move
|-
| {{x|chiøf}} ||{{tj|𪁎}} ||好色||be horny
|-
| [[chitthøo]]||{{tj|𨑨迌}} ||玩耍||play; have fun
|-
| {{x|chviaa}} ||{{tj|晟}} ||成/栽培||to raise kids
|-
| {{x|chviar}} ||{{wt|請}} ||請||to request; to ask; to invite
|-
| {{x|chviax}} ||{{wt|倩}}||聘僱/僱用 ||to hire
|-
| {{x|chviux}} ||{{wt|唱}} ||唱||to sing
|-
| [[ciaqpng|ciah]]||{{wt|食}} ||吃||to eat
|-
| {{x|ciaokhykafng}} ||{{wt|照起工}} ||按部就班||keep to the working routine
|-
| {{x|cym}} ||{{tj|唚}} ||吻||to kiss
|-
| {{x|giaa}} ||{{tj|夯}} ||抬||carry heavy thing over the shoulder
|-
| {{x|giexn}} ||{{tj|癮}} ||癮/渴望||to crave; addict
|-
| {{x|giin}} ||{{tj|睨}} ||凝||stare
|-
| {{x|hahhix}} ||哈hix/{{ptj|哈唏}}||喝噓/打哈欠||to yawn
|-
| {{x|hao}} ||{{wt|吼}} ||哭/叫||roar; howl
|-
| [[haxmbiin]]||陷眠||做夢||talk in one's sleep; dreaming
|-
| {{x|hiaam}} ||{{wt|嫌}}||嫌||to detest; to dislike
|-
| [[hiin]]||{{wt|眩}}||眩/暈||dizzy
|-
| [[hipsioxng]]||翕相||照相||take a picture
|-
| [[hiøq]]||歇||休息||rest
|-
| {{x|hiw}} ||{{tj|咻}}||喊||scream; shout
|-
| {{x|hoaq}} ||{{wt|喝}}||喊||shout
|-
| {{x|i}} ||{{wt|奕}} ||玩||to play
|-
| {{x|jiarng}} ||{{wt|嚷}}||嚷||shout
|-
| {{x|jiog}} ||{{wt|逐}}||追||to chase; to follow
|-
| {{x|kaam}} ||{{wt|含}}||含/唅||hold in the mouth
|-
| {{x|kah'ix}} ||{{wt|佮意}}||中意||feel satisfied; take delight
|-
| {{x|kaxn}} ||{{tj|姦}}||姦||intercourse
|-
| {{x|kerng}} ||{{wt|揀}}||揀||choose; select
|-
| {{x|khausøea}} ||{{wt|剾洗}} ||諷刺/刨說||give sarcastic; ironical caustic comments
|-
| {{x|khaw}} ||{{wt|剾}} ||諷刺/刮/刨||speak ironically
|-
| {{x|khia}} ||{{tj|徛}} ||豎/站||to stand
|-
| {{x|khoarn}} ||{{wt|款}} ||整理行李||pack; prepare for travel
|-
| [[khuxn]]||{{tj|睏}} ||睡||sleep
|-
| {{x|khvoax}} ||{{wt|看}} ||看||to see
|-
| [[kiernsiaux]] ||{{wt|見笑}}||丟人||feel ashamed; embarrassed
|-
| {{x|kiørsi}} ||{{wt|叫是}}||以為||assume; presume
|-
| {{x|korng}} ||{{wt|講}}||講||to say; to speak
|-
| {{x|koxng}} ||{{tj|摃}} ||打/摃||hit
|-
| {{x|køeasyn}} ||{{wt|過身}}||過世||pass away; die
|-
| [[kviaa]] ||{{wt|行}} ||行走||walk
|-
| {{x|kvoa}} ||{{tj|捾}} ||攜||carry by a handle
|-
| {{x|kvoaa`tiøh}} ||{{wt|寒著}}||著涼||catch cold
|-
| [[laosae]]||落屎||拉肚子/瀉肚子||have loose bowel
|-
| {{x|larm}} ||{{wt|攬}} ||攬||embrace/bear
|-
| {{x|liah}} ||{{wt|掠}}||掠/捕||catch; grasp
|-
| {{x|liam}} ||{{wt|唸}}||唸||to read; to recite
|-
| {{x|liaqzurn}} ||{{wt|掠準}} ||以為||presume
|-
| {{x|liaxm}} ||{{tj|捻}}||捻||to drive; to expel
|-
| {{x|lym}} ||{{tj|啉}} ||喝/飲||to drink
|-
| {{x|ngx}} ||{{wt|向}} ||向||to face
|-
| {{x|oar}} ||{{wt|倚}} ||倚||recline; lean on
|-
| [[ølør]]||{{tj|呵咾}} ||讚美||praise
|-
| {{x|parngsag}} ||{{tj|放捒}} ||放棄||give up; abandon
|-
| {{x|phag}} ||{{wt|覆}}/{{wt|仆}} ||覆/仆||lying face down
|-
| [[phahkhachviux]]||{{ptj|拍咳啾}} ||打噴嚏||sneeze
|-
| [[phahphvae]]`khix ||{{ptj|拍歹去}} || ||to ruin; spoil; make a mess of something
|-
| {{x|phak-jidthaau}} ({{x|phagjit}}) ||曝日頭||晒太陽||be exposed to sunshine; sunbath
|-
| {{x|pharngkvix}} ({{x|phah'mxkvix}}) ||{{ptj|拍毋見}} ||丟掉/不見||lose; misplace
|-
| {{x|phoarpve}} ||{{wt|破病}}||生病||get sick
|-
| [[phvi (toxngsuu)|phvi]]||{{wt|鼻}} ||聞/嗅||smell
|-
| {{x|phuix}} || {{tj|呸}} ||吐/翻臉/唾||spit
|-
| {{x|po}} ||{{tj|哺}}||哺||chew
|-
| {{x|poah}} ||{{tj|跋}} ||跌||fall down (see {{x|poah cidtør}})
|-
| {{x|poaqkiao}} ||{{ptj|跋筊}} ||賭博||gamble
|-
| {{x|puun}} ||{{wt|歕}}||吹||to blow
|-
| {{x|saf}} ||{{wt|捎}} ||抓||to grasp; to catch
|-
| {{x|siafphøef}} ||{{wt|寫批}}||寫信||to write a letter
|-
| {{x|siar}} ||{{wt|寫}}||寫||to write
|-
| {{x|siuu}} ||{{wt|泅}} ||泅||to swim
|-
| {{x|siuxkhix}} ||{{wt|受氣}}||生氣||get angry; get upset
|-
| {{x|soahsoaq`khix}} ||{{wt|煞煞去}}||算了||to stop or discontinue with intention; call it off
|-
| {{x|søeaji}}||{{wt|細膩}} ||小心||be careful; concerned; deliberate; watchful
|-
| {{x|søf}} ||{{wt|挲}} ||搔/搓||stroke; rub; pet
|-
| {{x|søo}} ||{{tj|趖}}||爬行||wonder around
|-
| {{x|suq}} ||{{wt|欶}}||吸||suck
|-
| {{x|tafm}} ||{{tj|啖}} ||嚐||lick; taste
|-
| {{x|thef}} ||{{tj|䖙}}||靠/躺||recline; lean on
|-
| {{x|theh}} ||{{tj|提}}||提/拿||to lift; hold in the hand; grasp; take. cf. ''zhoa''
|-
| {{x|thviaf}} ||{{wt|聽}} ||聽||to listen
|-
| {{x|tiøo}} || {{wt|趒}} ||跳||jump
|-
| {{x|tngr`khix}} ||{{wt|轉去}}||回去||go home; go back
|-
| {{x|tong}} ||{{wt|洞}} ||洞||poke; hole
|-
| {{x|tør}}`leq||{{wt|倒}}咧!||倒哩!||lying down
|-
| {{x|tuhkw}} ||{{ptj|盹龜}}||打瞌睡||doze
|-
| {{x|zaiviar}} ||{{wt|知影}}||知道||be aware of
|-
| {{x|zao}} ||{{wt|走}}||跑/逃||to run; to leave
|-
| {{x|zefng}} ||{{wt|舂}}||舂||hit
|-
| {{x|zhamsioong}} ||{{wt|參詳}}||商量||discuss; confer
|-
| {{x|zhoa}} ||{{tj|𤆬}} ||導/迎娶 ||lead; guide; accompany; escort; show the way (cf. ''theh'')
|-
| {{x|zhoafnkhuix}} ||{{wt|喘氣}}||呼吸||breathe
|-
| {{x|zhoaq}} ||{{wt|掣}} ||顫||to shake; to tremble; to shiver
|-
| {{x|zhoxng}} ||{{wt|創}}||創||to do; to create; to establish
|-
| {{x|zhorngsviar}} ||{{ptj|創啥}}||創甚|| to do something
|-
| {{x|zhw}} ||{{ptj|趨}} ||滑 ||to slide
|-
| {{x|zhwn}} ||{{tj|賰}}||剩||to be left; to remain
|-
| {{x|zng}} ({{x|cvi}}) ||吮/{{wt|舐}}||饌||to lick
|-
| {{x|zuxn}} ||{{tj|顫}} ||抖||shiver
|}

== Adjectives (Heng'iongsuu)==
[[Heng'iongsuu]]

[[File:460_Heng'iongsuu.mp3]]

{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
| [[bae]]|| {{wt|䆀}} ||醜||ugly; mean
|-
| {{x|bø'eeng}} ||{{ptj|無閒}}||無閑||busy
|-
| {{x|bøzhae}} ||{{ptj|無彩}}||可惜/白費||too bad; regrettable
|-
| {{x|chirnzhae}} ||{{wt|凊彩}}||隨便/馬虎||one or other; either way
|-
| {{x|chiuchixn}} ||{{wt|秋凊}}||涼快||pleasantly cool
|-
| {{x|chvihun}} ({{x|svihun}}) ||{{wt|生份}}||陌生/生疏||strange; unfamiliar
|-
| {{x|cidkoar}} ({{x|cidkoafar}}) ||{{ptj|一寡}}||少許/一些||some; a little; a few
|-
| {{x|cidsi'ar}} ||{{ptj|一絲仔}}||絲毫||a little bit
|-
| {{x|cidsut'ar}} ||{{tj|一屑仔}}||一點點||a little bit
|-
| {{x|ciør}} ||{{wt|少}} ||少||few
|-
| {{x|eng'eeng}}  ({{x|uxeeng}}) ||{{wt|閒閒}}||閒著沒事||not busy
|-
| {{x|gaau}} ||{{wt|𠢕}}||賢||clever; good at …; wise
|-
| {{x|gong}} ||{{wt|戇}}||傻||stupid; silly
|-
| {{x|hanban}} ([[hamban]]) ||{{ptj|頇顢|頇ban}}||愚笨 ||incompetent; clumsy; unskillful
|-
| {{x|hiaau}} || {{tj|嬈}} ||嬲||lascivious; lewd
|-
| {{x|hiafm}} || {{wt|薟}} ||辛||hot; spicy
|-
| {{x|høfgiah}} ||{{wt|好額}}||有錢||rich
|-
| {{x|høfkhafng}} ||{{wt|好空}} ||好門路||lucky; blessed
|-
| {{x|høfsex}} ||{{wt|好勢}}||好勢||settled; finished
|-
| {{x|huiekhix}} ||{{wt|費氣}}||麻煩||troublesome; difficult
|-
| {{x|hvoahie}} ||{{wt|歡喜}}||高興||glad ; happy
|-
| {{x|ientaau}} ||{{wt|緣投}}||英俊||handsome
|-
| {{x|jixncyn}} ||{{wt|認真}} ||認真||serious
|-
| {{x|keksae}} ||{{wt|激屎}}||傲慢||snobbish; snooty;
|-
| {{x|khiao}} ||{{wt|巧}}||聰明||clever; intelligent
|-
| {{x|khiarngkhaf}} ||{{ptj|勥跤}} ||精明/厲害||shrewd; ambitious
|-
| {{x|khoaelok}} ||{{wt|快樂}}||快樂||happy
|-
| {{x|khofng}} ||{{wt|悾}}||呆笨||frantic; wild; maniac
|-
| {{x|khor}} ||{{wt|苦}}||苦||bitter
|-
| {{x|khinkhiam}} ||{{wt|勤儉}}||勤儉||hard-working and thrifty; diligent and frugal
|-
| {{x|kiaam}} ||{{wt|鹹}}||鹹||salty (also stingy)
|-
| {{x|kirn}} ||{{wt|緊}}||快/急||fast
|-
| {{x|kofix}} ||{{wt|古意}}||忠厚/老實||gentle; mild; well-behaved
|-
| {{x|kofzuy}} ||{{wt|古錐}}||可愛||cute
|-
| {{x|koarnsix}} ||{{wt|慣勢}}||習慣||used to; accustomed to
|-
| {{x|kutlat}} ||{{wt|骨力}}||勤勞||hard-working
|-
| {{x|kvialaang}} ||{{ptj|驚人}}||||dirty; filthy; soiled
|-
| {{x|lau}} ||{{wt|老}}||老||old
|-
| {{x|lahsab}} ||{{ptj|垃圾}}||骯髒||dirty; filthy
|-
| {{x|lixpien}} ||{{wt|利便}}||便利||convenient
|-
| {{x|og}} ||{{wt|惡}}||不好的||bad; evil
|-
| [[phahpviax]]|| {{wt|拍拚}} ||打拚||work very hard; exerting the utmost strength
|-
| [[phvae]]||{{tj|歹}}||壞/惡/難||bad; evil
|-
| [[phvaysex]]||{{ptj|歹勢}}||不好意思||embarrassed; shy; coy
|-
| {{x|pintvoa}} ||{{wt|貧惰}} ||怠惰||[[pintvoa|lazy]]
|-
| {{x|sarnchiaq}} ||{{wt|散赤}} ||赤貧||poor; poverty
|-
| {{x|segsai}} || {{wt|熟似}} ||熟識||familiar; reminiscent
|-
| {{x|siab}} ||{{wt|澀}} || ||rough; a slightly bitter taste that numbs the tongue
|-
| [[siaolieen]]||{{wt|少年}}||少年||young
|-
| {{x|sien}} || {{tj|𤺪}} ||倦||tired; sick of
|-
| {{x|simseg}} ||{{wt|心適}}|| ||interesting
|-
| {{x|siok}} ||{{wt|俗}} || ||cheap; not expensive
|-
| [[siøfkhoar]]||{{ptj|小可仔}}||稍微||some; a little; a few
|-
| {{x|siongpurn}} ||{{wt|傷本}}||高成本/花費大|| cost too much; too expensive; costly
|-
| {{x|sngf}} ||{{wt|酸}}||||sour
|-
| {{x|soong}} ||{{tj|倯}} ||||hick; clownish; bucolic; stupid
|-
| {{x|søex}} ||{{wt|細}}||||small; little
|-
| {{x|suie}} ||{{tj|媠}} ||美||beautiful
|-
| {{x|tarngsngf}} ||{{wt|凍霜}}|| ||stingy
|-
| {{x|taxmpøqar}} ||{{ptj|淡薄仔}}||||some; a little bit
|-
| {{x|thiarm}} || {{tj|忝}} || ||tired; weary
|-
| {{x|thihkhie}} ||{{wt|鐵齒}}||||stubborn ({{x|thihkhie-tanggezøo}})
|-
| {{x|thøfzex}} ||{{wt|討債}}||||prodigal; in expenditure
|-
| {{x|tiaau}} || {{wt|牢}} ||牢/住||tight
|-
| {{x|tiautit}} ||{{wt|條直}}||||honest and straight-forward
|-
| {{x|toa}} ||{{wt|大}}||大||big
|-
| {{x|tvy}} ||{{wt|甜}}||甜||sweet
|-
| {{x|voax}} ||{{wt|晏}}||晚/遲||late
|-
| {{x|zar}} ||{{wt|早}}||||early
|-
| {{x|zhengkhix}} ||{{wt|清氣}}||||clean
|-
| {{x|zøe}} ||{{tj|濟}}||多||plenty; many
|}

== Nouns - blood relation and relations by marriage ==
[[File:460_nouns_relation.mp3]]

{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
| {{x|acie}} ||{{wt|阿姊}} |||| [[acie|older sister]]
|-
| {{x|acirm}} ||{{wt|阿嬸}} ||||the wife of one’s father’s younger brother
|-
| {{x|afng}} ||{{wt|翁}}||||[[afng|husband]]
|-
| {{x|ahviaf}} ||{{wt|阿兄}}|||| [[ahviaf|older brother]]
|-
| {{x|akim}} ||{{wt|阿妗}}||||wife of maternal uncle
|-
| {{x|akofng}} ||{{wt|阿公}}|||| [[akofng|grandfather]]
|-
| {{x|aku}} ||{{wt|阿舅}}||||mother’s brother
|-
| {{x|amar}} ||{{wt|阿媽}}||||[[amar|grandmother]]
|-
| {{x|amr}} ||{{wt|阿姆}}||||the wife of one’s father’s older brother
|-
| {{x|apeq}} ||{{wt|阿伯}}||||father’s older brother
|-
| {{x|azeg}} ||{{wt|阿叔}}||||father’s younger brother
|-
| {{x|bor}} ||{{tj|某}}||妻|| [[bor|wife]]
|-
| {{x|gyn'ar}} ||{{tj|囡仔}} ||孩子|| [[gyn'ar|kids]]
|-
| {{x|hauxsvef}} ||{{wt|後生}}||兒子|| [[hauxsvef|son]]
|-
| {{x|khanchiuo`ee}} ||{{wt|牽手}}||||wife
|-
| {{x|kviafsaix}} ||{{wt|囝婿}} ||||son-in-law
|-
| {{x|kviar}} ||{{wt|囝}}||子|| child; son
|-
| {{x|mamaf}} ({{x|mafmaq}}) ||{{wt|媽媽}}|| || [[mafmaq|mother]]
|-
| {{x|papaf}} ({{x|apaq}}) ||{{wt|爸爸}}||||[[papaf|father]]
|-
| {{x|Siensvy}} ||{{wt|先生}}|||| Mr.; Sir (see [[Siensvy]])
|-
| {{x|simpu}} ({{x|sinpu}}) ||{{wt|新婦}} ||媳婦||[[sinpu|daughter-in-law]]
|-
| {{x|siøfmoe}} ||{{wt|小妹}}||||younger sister
|-
| {{x|siøfti}} ||{{wt|小弟}}||||younger brother
|-
| {{x|sixtoa}} ||{{wt|序大}}||||the senior; elder
|-
| {{x|sun'ar}} ||{{ptj|孫仔}}||||grandchildren
|-
| {{x|takef}} ||{{ptj|大家}} ||婆婆||[[takef|husband’s mother]]
|-
| {{x|takvoaf}} || {{ptj|大官}} ||公公||[[takvoaf|husband’s father]]
|-
| {{x|tangmngg}}`ee ||{{ptj|同門的}} ||連襟||the men whose wives are sisters
|-
| {{x|tangsai'ar}} ({{x|tangsai}}) ||{{wt|同姒}}||妯娌||the women whose husbands are brothers ([[tangsai]])
|-
| {{x|Thaethaix}} ||{{wt|太太}}|||| [[Thaethaix|Mrs.]]
|-
| {{x|tviuxlaang}} ||{{ptj|丈人}} ||岳父 ||wife’s father
|-
| {{x|tviuxmr}} ||{{wt|丈姆}}|| || wife’s mother
|-
| {{x|zabor-kviar}} || 查某囝 || || [[zabof'kviar|daughter]]
|-
| {{x|zapof-kviar}} || 查埔囝 || || [[zapof-kviar|son]]
|}

== Nouns describing body (sengkhw) ==
[[File:460_nouns_sengkhw.mp3]]

{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
| [[axmkurn]]||{{ptj|頷頸}}||||neck
|-
| [[bagbaai]]||{{wt|目眉}}||||eye brow
|-
| [[bagciw]]||{{ptj|目睭}}||眼睛||eye
|-
| [[chiuo]]||{{wt|手}}||||hands
|-
| [[chiwkhiaw]]||{{wt|手曲}}||||elbow
|-
| [[exhaai]]||{{wt|下頦}}||||lower jaw
|-
| [[hengkharm]]||{{wt|胸坎}}||||chest; thorax
|-
| [[hvi]]||{{wt|耳}}||||ears
|-
| [[hvixkhafng]]||{{wt|耳空}}||||ear hole/ear
|-
| [[hvixzw]]||{{wt|耳珠}}||||ear lobe
|-
| [[kengkahthaau]]||{{wt|肩胛頭}}|| ||shoulder
|-
| {{x|khachiuo}}||{{wt|跤手}}||手和腳||foot and hands
|-
| [[khaf]]||{{wt|跤}} ||腳||legs
|-
| [[khazhngf]]||{{tj|尻川}}||臀||buttocks
|-
| [[na'aau]]||{{wt|嚨喉}}||咽喉||throat
|-
| [[paktor]]||{{wt|腹肚}}||||stomach
|-
| {{x|phvi}} ([[phvi'ar]])||{{wt|鼻}}||||nose
|-
| [[sengkhw]]||{{wt|身軀}}||||trunk; body
|-
| [[thaukhag]]||{{wt|頭殼}}||||head
|-
| [[thaumngg]]||{{wt|頭毛}}||||hair
|-
| [[thauzafng]]||{{wt|頭鬃}}||||hair
|-
| [[toxzaai]]||{{wt|肚臍}}||||belly button
|-
| {{x|zhuie'extao}} ||{{wt|喙下斗}}||||lower jaw
|-
| [[zhuiekhie]]||{{wt|喙齒}}||||teeth
|-
| [[zhuietuun]]||{{wt|喙脣}}||||lips
|-
| [[zhuix]]||{{wt|喙}}||||mouth
|}

== Nouns - general use ==
[[File:460_nouns_general_use.mp3]]

{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
| [[kankhor]]||{{wt|艱苦}}||||hardship
|-
| {{x|loxeng}}/loxiong||{{wt|路用}}||||use
|-
| [[miqkvia]]||{{wt|物件}}||||thing
|-
| {{x|paxnsex}}||{{wt|範勢}} ||辦勢||condition; situation
|-
| [[sapbuun]]||{{ptj|雪文}}||||soap
|-
| [[senglie]]||{{wt|生理}}||生意||business
|-
| [[sihnaq]]||{{tj|爍爁}}||閃電||lightning
|-
| [[sofzai]]||{{wt|所在}}||||place; location
|-
| [[taixcix]]||{{ptj|代誌}}||事情||thing
|-
| [[zhuopvy]]||{{wt|厝邊}}||||neighbor
|}

== Nouns - Time (sikafn) ==
See also: [[sikafn]]
[[File:460_nouns_time.mp3]]

{| class="wikitable"
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG
|-
| [[armsii]]||{{wt|暗時}} ||||at night; night time
|-
| {{x|armthau'ar}} ||{{ptj|暗頭仔}}||||evening
|-
| {{x|au`jit}} ||{{wt|後日}}||||the day after tomorrow
|-
| {{x|auxjit}}|| {{wt|後日}} ||幾天後||some other day in the future
|-
| [[bin'afzaix]]/mia'afzaix ||{{ptj|明仔載}}|| ||tomorrow
|-
| {{x|bømee-bøjit}} ||{{wt|無暝無日}}||||day in day out
|-
| {{x|cidtiafm'ar-kuo}}||{{ptj|一點仔久}}|| ||only a little bit long
|-
| {{x|cidtiap'afkuo}} ||{{tj|一霎仔}}久||||in a moment
|-
| {{x|cirnzeeng}}||{{wt|進前}}||無多久以前||not long ago
|-
| [[citmar]]||{{tj|這馬}}||現在||right now
|-
| [[citzun]]||{{tj|這陣}}||這時||right now
|-
| {{x|e'hngf}}||{{ptj|下昏}} ||今昏||tonight
|-
| [[e'axm]]|| {{ptj|下昏暗}} ||今暗/今晚||tonight
|-
| etaux || {{ptj|下晝}} ||今罩/今午||this afternoon
|-
| [[expof]]||{{wt|下晡}}||||afternoon
|-
| [[extaux]]||{{wt|下晝}}||||afternoon
|-
| [[hiexntai]]||{{wt|現代}}||||modern
|-
| [[hiøhjoah]]||{{wt|歇熱}}||||summer vacation
|-
| {{x|hiøhkvoaa}} ||{{wt|歇寒}}||||winter vacation
|-
| {{x|jit`sii}} ||{{wt|日時}}||||day time
|-
| [[joaqthvy]]||{{wt|熱天}}||||summer
|-
| {{x|khahtheng'ar}} ||{{ptj|較停仔}}||||in a very short time
|-
| [[kin'afjit]]||{{ptj|今仔日}}||||today
|-
| {{x|kinnii}} ||{{wt|今年}}||||this year
|-
| [[køeakhix]] ||{{wt|過去}}||||in the past
|-
| {{x|kofzar}} ||{{wt|古早}}||||long long ago
|-
| {{x|kuxnii}} ||{{wt|舊年}}||||last year
|-
| [[kvoathvy]]||{{wt|寒天}}||||winter
|-
| [[Lefpaix-jit]]||{{wt|禮拜日}}||||Sunday
|-
| [[Pae'id]]||{{wt|拜一}}||禮拜一||Monday
|-
| [[Pae'ji]]||{{wt|拜二}}||禮拜二||Tuesday
|-
| [[Pae'svaf]]||{{wt|拜三}}||禮拜三||Wednesday
|-
| [[Pae'six]]||{{wt|拜四}}||禮拜四||Thursday
|-
| [[Pae'go]]||{{wt|拜五}}||禮拜五||Friday
|-
| [[Pae'lak]]||{{wt|拜六}}||禮拜六||Saturday
|-
| [[sincviaf]]||{{wt|新正}}|||| Lunar New Year
|-
| [[tangthvy]]||{{wt|冬天}}||||winter
|-
| {{x|thao'axm}}||{{wt|透暗}}||||all night; very late at night
|-
| {{x|thaomee}}/{{x|thaomii}} ||{{wt|透暝}}||||all night
|-
| {{x|thaozar}} ||{{wt|透早}}||||very early in the morning
|-
| thaozar-thao'axm||透早透暗||||day or night
|-
| [[thautwar]]||{{ptj|頭拄仔}}||||not long ago
|-
| [[thvy-kngf]]||{{wt|天光}}||||dawn; at dawn
|-
| [[tiongtaux]]||{{wt|中晝}} ||||noon
|-
| {{x|tviaxtvia}} ||{{wt|定定}} ||||quite often
|-
| [[twciaq]]||{{ptj|拄才}}||剛剛||just now; just a moment ago
|-
| {{x|za'axm}} ||{{wt|昨暗}}||||last night
|-
| {{x|zafban}} ||{{wt|早慢}}||||sooner or later
|-
| [[zafkhie]]||{{wt|早起}}||||morning
|-
| {{x|za'hngf}}/[[zaqhngf]] ||{{wt|昨昏}} ||昨天||yesterday
|-
| [[zhunthvy]]||{{wt|春天}}||春天||spring
|-
| [[zøh`jit]]||{{wt|昨日}}||前天||the day before yesterday
|-
| {{x|zuun`nii}} ||{{ptj|前年}} ||||the year before last year
|}

==Chviar Zhamkhør==
* [[臺灣閩南語推薦用字]] (300-ji)
* ''[[Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan]]''

== Siongkoafn ==
* [[Swadesh List]]
* [[My First 100 Words in Taiwanese]]
* [[Common Taiwanese phrases]]

[[Category: Getting started]]