Tones of Taiwanese: Difference between revisions

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Below is a chart of the '''Tones of Taiwanese''' and correspondence to '''Tones of [[Middle Chinese]]''' (yin/yang, [[im'ioong]]). In [[MTL]], the tone is indicated by ''f'', ''r'', or ''x'' or modified spelling of the vowel.
'''Tones of Taiwanese'''. The traditional tone class categorization, named after the [[suosefng|tones]] of [[Middle Chinese]]:
[[Image:Taiwanese tones.png|thumb|none|The seven tones of Taiwanese, written in [[Peh-oe-ji]] (POJ)]]
 
[[File:Seven Tones.mp3|thumb|none|1. ''{{x|af}}'', 2. ''{{x|ar}}'', 3. ''ax'', 4. ''{{x|aq}}'', 5. ''aa'', 7. ''a'', 8. ''{{x|ah}}'']]
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{|class=wikitable
!Tone <br>number !! Name !! Description !! Pitch !! [[MTL]] !! Example
!Order (順序)!!Name (調名)!!Description!!colspan=2|調值!![[POJ]]!![[MTL]]!!Example
|-
|-align=center
|1 || dark level ({{gs|ym-pviaa|陰平}}) || [[high tone|high]] || 55 || af || {{gs|say|獅}}
|1||陰平 (yin level)||align=left|[[Køtiau-ym]] (高平音; High Tone)||˥˥||55||a||af||獅 （[[say]]）
|-
|-align=center
|2 || rising ({{gs|siorng|上}}) || [[shouting tone|shouting]] || 51 || ar || {{gs|hor|虎}}
|2||上 (rising)||align=left|[[Sioxngtut-ym]] (高降音; Shouting-Out Tone)||˥˩||51||á||ar||虎 （[[hor]]）
|-
|-align=center
|3 || dark departing ({{gs|ym-khix|陰去}}) || [[low tone|low falling]] || 31 || ax || {{gs|pax|豹}}
|3||陰去 (yin departing)||align=left|[[Extut-ym]] (下突音; Low Falling Tone)||˧˩||31||à||ax||豹 （{{x|pax}}）
|-
|-align=center
|4 || dark entering ({{gs|ym-jip|陰入}}) || [[short tones|low short]] || 3ʔ || aq || {{gs|piq|鱉}}, {{gs|aq|鴨}}
|4||陰入 (yin entering)||align=left| Tef-[[Chiok'ym]] (低促音; Low Short Tone)||˧ʔ||3ʔ||ah||aq||鱉 （[[piq]]），鴨 （[[aq]]）
|-
|-align=center
|5 || light level ({{gs|ioong-pviaa|陽平}}) || [[curving tone]] || 24 || aa || {{gs|hiim|熊}}, {{gs|guu|牛}}
|5||陽平 (yang level)||align=left| [[Hoesoaan-ym]] (迴旋音; Curving Tone)||˨˦||24||â||aa||熊 （[[hiim]]），牛 （[[guu]]）
|-
|-align=center
|7 || light departing ({{gs|ioong-khix|陽去}}) || [[basic tone]] || 33 || a || {{gs|chviu|象}}
|7||陽去 (yang departing)||align=left|[[Kitiau-ym]] (基調音; Basic Tone)||˧˧||33||ā||a||象 （[[chviu]]）
|-
|-align=center
|8 || light entering ({{gs|ioong-jip|陽入}}) || high short || 5ʔ || ah || {{gs|lok|鹿}}
|8||陽入 (yang entering)||align=left| Køf-[[Chiok'ym]] (高促音; High Short Tone)||˥ʔ||5ʔ||a̍h||ah||鹿 （[[lok]]）
|}
|}
[[File:say, hor, pax, piq, hiim, chviu, lok.mp3|thumb|none|{{x|say}}, {{x|hor}}, {{x|pax}}, {{x|piq}}, {{x|hiim}}, {{x|chviu}}, {{x|lok}} (''[[MoeDict]]'')]]
* tone names "level, rising, departing, entering" or "pviaa, siorng, khix, jip" are from the ''[[suosefng]]'' of Middle Chinese
* Tone 6 used to be a distinct tone, but has long since merged with tone 2
* Not shown: Tone 6 ("light rising", pitch 22/33) is not widely used. [[Logkarng-khviw|Lukang accent]] still has the 6th tone, which has merged with the 2nd and 7th tones in other dialects of Taiwanese. Tone 9 (pitch 35) is used in [[Japanese loanwords]] and contractions. See [[TL]] for diacritics.
** ([[Logkarng-khviw|Lukang accent]] still has the 6th tone, which has merged with the 2nd and 7th tones in other dialects of Taiwanese.)
** Tone 6 is used in [[reduplication]]
* Chart adapted from {{z|臺灣話#.E8.81.B2.E8.AA.BF}}


== Examples ==
[[File:Taiwanese-8Tones.ogg|thumb|none|[[hogzofng|svaf]], {{x|tea}}, [[khox]], {{x|khoaq}}, [[laang]], {{x|øea}}, [[phvi]], {{x|tit}} (shirt, short, pants, wide, person, short, nose, straight; 衫 短 褲 闊 人 矮 鼻 直) ]]
[[File:ty, bea, pax, aq, zoaa, chviu, lok.mp3|thumb|none|{{x|ty}}, {{x|bea}}, {{x|pax}}, {{x|aq}}, {{x|zoaa}}, {{x|chviu}}, {{x|lok}} (''[[MoeDict]]'')]]
[[File:Taiwanese-8Tones.ogg|thumb|none|[[svaf]], {{x|tea}}, [[khox]], {{x|khoaq}}, [[laang]], [[ea]], [[phvi]], {{x|tit}} (衫 短 褲 闊 人 矮 鼻 直) ]]


== See Also ==
== See also ==
* [[Table of all finals in MTL]]
* [[Table of all MLT finals]]
* [[tngym]] (long tone), [[tefym]] (short tone)
* [[long tone]], [[short tone]]
* [[Tone sandhi]]
* [[Tone sandhi]]
* [[Reduplication]]
* [[Reduplication]]
* [[Taiwanese Romanization System]]
* [[TL]]


[[Category:Tones of Taiwanese]]
[[Category:Tones of Taiwanese]]

Latest revision as of 10:49, 2 April 2024

Tones of Taiwanese. The traditional tone class categorization, named after the tones of Middle Chinese:

Tone
number		 Name Description Pitch MTL Example
1 dark level (ym-pviaa (陰平)) high 55 af say (獅)
2 rising (siorng (上)) shouting 51 ar hor (虎)
3 dark departing (ym-khix (陰去)) low falling 31 ax pax (豹)
4 dark entering (ym-jip (陰入)) low short 3ʔ aq piq (鱉), aq (鴨)
5 light level (ioong-pviaa (陽平)) curving tone 24 aa hiim (熊), guu (牛)
7 light departing (ioong-khix (陽去)) basic tone 33 a chviu (象)
8 light entering (ioong-jip (陽入)) high short 5ʔ ah lok (鹿)
  • tone names "level, rising, departing, entering" or "pviaa, siorng, khix, jip" are from the suosefng of Middle Chinese
  • Not shown: Tone 6 ("light rising", pitch 22/33) is not widely used. Lukang accent still has the 6th tone, which has merged with the 2nd and 7th tones in other dialects of Taiwanese. Tone 9 (pitch 35) is used in Japanese loanwords and contractions. See TL for diacritics.
svaf, tea, khox, khoaq, laang, øea, phvi, tit (shirt, short, pants, wide, person, short, nose, straight; 衫 短 褲 闊 人 矮 鼻 直)

See also

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