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'''Tone sandhi''' ([[Zoafntiau]]) in Taiwanese is the process of altering the tone of a syllable depending on the surrounding words and grammatical function. Most nouns in Taiwanese do | '''Tone sandhi''' ([[Zoafntiau]]) in [[Taiguo|Taiwanese]] is the process of altering the [[Tones of Taiwanese|tone]] of a syllable depending on the surrounding words and grammatical function. Most nouns in Taiwanese do not change tone. However, almost all verbs and adjectives do change tone when not at the end of a phrase. | ||
==Basic Rules== | ==Basic Rules (Tone Circle)== | ||
* If the original tone number is '''5''' (curving up), pronounce it as tone number '''7''' (basic). | * If the original tone number is '''5''' ([[curving-up tone]]), pronounce it as tone number '''7''' (basic). (see [[Ciangciw-oe]]) | ||
* If the original tone number is '''7''' (basic), pronounce it as tone number '''3''' (low falling). | * If the original tone number is '''7''' ([[basic tone]]), pronounce it as tone number '''3''' (low falling). | ||
* If the original tone number is '''3''' (low | * If the original tone number is '''3''' ([[low tone]]), pronounce it as tone number '''2''' (shouting out). | ||
* If the original tone number is '''2''' (shouting | * If the original tone number is '''2''' ([[shouting tone]]), pronounce it as tone number '''1''' (high). | ||
* If the original tone number is '''1''' (high), pronounce it as tone number '''7''' (basic). | * If the original tone number is '''1''' ([[high tone]]), pronounce it as tone number '''7''' (basic). | ||
* If the original tone number is '''8''', pronounce it as tone number '''4'''. | |||
* If the original tone number is '''4''', pronounce it as tone number '''8'''. | |||
See [http://learntaiwanese.org/Beginner's%20Guide%20to%20Taiwanese_files/Tone%20Circle.gif diagram] and {{w|Taiwanese Hokkien#Tone sandhi}} for a more detailed explanation. | |||
==Examples== | |||
*{{tts|køf}} + {{tts|hioong}} = {{tts|[[Køhioong]]}} | |||
*{{tts|tvar}} + {{tts|kao}} = {{tts|[[Tvafkao]]}} | |||
*{{tts|baq}} + {{tts|zaxng}} = {{tts|[[bahzaxng]]}} | |||
*{{tts|Taai}} + {{tts|oaan}} = {{tts|[[Taioaan]]}} | |||
*{{tts|ki}} + {{tts|zhvef}} = {{tts|[[kixzhvef]]}} | |||
*{{tts|bak}} + {{tts|ciw}} = {{tts|[[bagciw]]}} | |||
==Exceptions== | |||
*most nouns | |||
*ciaf, hiaf, zef, hef, ciahniq', hiahniq' | |||
*[[symmih]], [[ui symmih]], (see [[Taiguo_Siong'iong_460-ji#Demonstrative_pronouns]]) | |||
*basic+[[ar]]. (The basic tone syllable is excepted). | |||
*surnames before ''{{tts|siensvy}}'': {{tts|Taan`siensvy}} | |||
==Further details== | |||
* more detailed rules have been posted at Wikipedia: {{w|Taiwanese Hokkien#Tone sandhi}}, esp. special cases involving suffix ''ar'' (仔) and [[triplication]] | |||
*syllables ending in "[[h]]" are usually pronounced in [[shouting tone]], such as in {{tts|bahzaxng}}, but not {{tts|beq}} | |||
*[[khix (toxngsuu)]] is usually treated as if originally "khiq" | |||
== External Links == | == External Links == | ||
* | *Wikipedia: {{w|Tone sandhi}} | ||
* | |||
== SK == | |||
*[[Zoanciw-oe]] | |||
*[[Tones of Taiwanese]] | |||
[[Category:gwimhak]] | |||
[[Category: Tones of Taiwanese]] |
Revision as of 02:16, 1 September 2017
Tone sandhi (Zoafntiau) in Taiwanese is the process of altering the tone of a syllable depending on the surrounding words and grammatical function. Most nouns in Taiwanese do not change tone. However, almost all verbs and adjectives do change tone when not at the end of a phrase.
Basic Rules (Tone Circle)
- If the original tone number is 5 (curving-up tone), pronounce it as tone number 7 (basic). (see Ciangciw-oe)
- If the original tone number is 7 (basic tone), pronounce it as tone number 3 (low falling).
- If the original tone number is 3 (low tone), pronounce it as tone number 2 (shouting out).
- If the original tone number is 2 (shouting tone), pronounce it as tone number 1 (high).
- If the original tone number is 1 (high tone), pronounce it as tone number 7 (basic).
- If the original tone number is 8, pronounce it as tone number 4.
- If the original tone number is 4, pronounce it as tone number 8.
See diagram and Taiwanese Hokkien#Tone sandhi for a more detailed explanation.
Examples
- køf 🔊 + hioong 🔊 = Køhioong 🔊
- tvar 🔊 + kao 🔊 = Tvafkao 🔊
- baq 🔊 + zaxng 🔊 = bahzaxng 🔊
- Taai 🔊 + oaan 🔊 = Taioaan 🔊
- ki 🔊 + zhvef 🔊 = kixzhvef 🔊
- bak 🔊 + ciw 🔊 = bagciw 🔊
Exceptions
- most nouns
- ciaf, hiaf, zef, hef, ciahniq', hiahniq'
- symmih, ui symmih, (see Taiguo_Siong'iong_460-ji#Demonstrative_pronouns)
- basic+ar. (The basic tone syllable is excepted).
- surnames before siensvy 🔊: Taan`siensvy 🔊
Further details
- more detailed rules have been posted at Wikipedia: Taiwanese Hokkien#Tone sandhi, esp. special cases involving suffix ar (仔) and triplication
- syllables ending in "h" are usually pronounced in shouting tone, such as in bahzaxng 🔊, but not beq 🔊
- khix (toxngsuu) is usually treated as if originally "khiq"
External Links
- Wikipedia: Tone sandhi