Taiguo Siong'iong 460-ji: Difference between revisions
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(→Adverbs (Huosuu): hutjieen) |
(→Auxiliary verbs: e (toxngsuu)) |
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Main article: [[Personal pronouns]] | Main article: [[Personal pronouns]] | ||
[ | [[File:460A.mp3]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! MTL || THJ || Hoaguo || Engguo | ! MTL || THJ || Hoaguo || Engguo | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{tx|goar|r=2}} ||我||我||I; me | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{tx|gurn|r=2}} ||{{tj|阮}}||我們/我的||we; us; (not including listener) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{tx|goarn|r=2}} ||{{tj|阮}}||我/我們/我等/咱們||we; us; (not including listener) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{tx|[[kaki]]|r=2}} ||{{wt|家己}}||自己||self | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{tx|larn|r=2}} ||{{tj|咱}}||我們/咱||we; us; (includes listener) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{tx|lie|r=2}} ||{{wt|汝}}/{{tj|你}}/妳||你/妳/汝||you | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{tx|lirn|r=2}} ||{{tj|恁}}||你們/你的/你們的||you (plural/exclusive) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{tx|tag'ee|r=2}} ||{{wt|逐个}}||各個/每個||everybody | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{tx|[[taixkef]]|r=2}} ||{{wt|大家}}||大家||everybody; all the people | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{tx|y|r=2}} ||{{wt|伊}}||他/她/祂||he; she; it; his; her | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ | | {{tx|yn|r=2}} ||{{tj|𪜶}} ||他們/他的||they; them | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Demonstrative pronouns == | == Demonstrative pronouns == | ||
[ | [[File:460B.mp3]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| cidee|| cid个 ||一個||one | | {{x2|cidee}} || cid个 ||一個||one | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ciaf^||{{tj|遮}}||這裡||here | | {{x2|ciaf}}^ ||{{tj|遮}}||這裡||here | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ciah'ee | | {{x2|ciah'ee}} ({{x2|ciaf`ee}}) ||{{tj|遮的}}||這些||these | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ciahniq'||{{tj|遮爾}} ||這麼||such; so | | {{x|ciahniq}}' ({{x|ciahni}}) ||{{tj|遮爾}} ||這麼||such; so | ||
|- | |- | ||
| cit'ee|| cit个 ||這個||this one | | {{x2|cit'ee}} ({{x|cid}} ee) || cit个 ||這個||this one | ||
|- | |- | ||
| citkhoarn||cit款 ||這種/這樣||this kind of | | {{x2|citkhoarn}} ||cit款 ||這種/這樣||this kind of | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hef^||{{tj|彼}} ||那||that one | | {{x2|hef}}^ ||{{tj|彼}} ||那||that one | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hiah'ee | | {{x2|hiah'ee}} ({{x2|hiaf`ee}}) ||{{tj|遐的}} ||那些||those | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hiaf^||{{tj|遐}} ||那裡||there | | {{x2|hiaf}}^ ||{{tj|遐}} ||那裡||there | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hiahniq'/hiahni||{{tj|遐爾}} ||那麼||in that way | | {{x2|hiahniq}}' / {{x2|hiahni}} ||{{tj|遐爾}} ||那麼||in that way | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hit'ee|| | | {{x2|hit'ee}} ||{{ptj|彼个}} ||那個||that one | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hitkhoarn|| | | {{x2|hitkhoarn}} ||{{ptj|彼款}} ||那款||that kind of | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sviafkhoarn|| | | {{x2|sviafkhoarn}} ||{{ptj|啥款}} ||怎麼樣||what kind | ||
|- | |- | ||
| symmih'khoarn||symmih款 ||什麼樣||what do you think | | {{x2|symmih'khoarn}} ||symmih款 ||什麼樣||what do you think | ||
|- | |- | ||
| zef^||{{tj|這}}||這||this one | | {{x2|zef}}^ ||{{tj|這}}||這||this one | ||
|} | |} | ||
[[Tone sandhi]] exceptions: | [[Tone sandhi]] exceptions: | ||
*^: | * ^: words that never change tone. | ||
*': words ending with [[vertical typewriter apostrophe|apostrophe]], which will be directly followed by another word with no space. | * ': words ending with [[vertical typewriter apostrophe|apostrophe]], which will be directly followed by another word with no space. | ||
== Interrogative pronouns == | == Interrogative pronouns == | ||
[ | [[File:460C.mp3]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| joaxkuo|| | | {{x|joaxkuo}} || {{ptj|偌久}} ||多久 ||how long | ||
|- | |- | ||
| joaxtoa|| | | {{x|joaxtoa}} (goaxtoa) || {{ptj|偌大}} ||多大 ||how big | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[joaxze]] ({{x|goaxze}}) ||{{tj|偌濟}} ||多少 ||how many; how much | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kuyee||幾个||幾個||how many | | {{x|kuyee}} ||幾个 ||幾個 ||how many | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kuyjit||幾日||幾日||how many days | | {{x|kuyjit}} ||幾日 ||幾日 ||how many days | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kuykafng||{{ | | {{x|kuykafng}} ||{{wt|幾工}} ||幾天 ||how many days | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kuytiarm||幾點||幾點||what time it is | | {{x|kuytiarm}} ||幾點 ||幾點 ||what time it is | ||
|- | |- | ||
| nar||{{tj| | | {{x|nar}} ||{{tj|哪}} ||怎 ||how; why; what | ||
|- | |- | ||
| nar | | {{x|nar e}} ({{x|naføe}}) ||{{tj|哪會}} ||怎會 ||how come; how could this be possible | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sviafhøex|| | | {{x|sviafhoex}} ({{x|sviafhøex}}) || {{ptj|啥貨|sviaf貨}} ||甚麼/什麼東西 ||what | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sviaflaang||{{tj|啥人}} ||哪個/孰/誰/誰人/誰個||who | | {{x|sviaflaang}} ||{{tj|啥人}} ||哪個/孰/誰/誰人/誰個 ||who | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sviar||{{tj|啥}} ||甚||what | | {{x|sviar}} ||{{tj|啥}} ||甚 ||what | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[symmih]]^ | | [[symmih]]^ ({{x|sviafmih}}) || {{ptj|啥物|sym物}} ||什麼 ||what | ||
|- | |- | ||
| symmih'laang||sym物laang ||什麼人||who | | {{x|symmih'laang}} ({{x|sviaflaang}}) ||sym物laang ||什麼人 ||who | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tafcidee | | {{x|tafcidee}} ({{x|tøfcidee}}) || {{ptj|佗一个|tøfcid个}} ||哪一個 ||which one | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tafcidhang|| | | {{x|tafcidhang}} ({{x|tøfcidhang}}) ||tøfcid項 ||哪一項 ||which item | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tafcidui|| | | {{x|tafcidui}} ({{x|tøfcidui}}) ||tøfcid位 ||哪一位 ||which one | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tangsii||{{ | | {{x|tangsii}} ||{{wt|當時}} ||何時 ||when | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tafui | | {{x|tafui}} ([[tøfui]]) || {{ptj|佗位|tøf位}} ||那裡 ||where | ||
|- | |- | ||
| uixhøo||{{wt|為何}}||因何/為什麼/為何||why; for what | | {{x|uixhøo}} ||{{wt|為何}} ||因何/為什麼/為何 ||why; for what | ||
|- | |- | ||
| uixsymmih^ | | {{x|uixsymmih}}^ (ui symmih)^ || {{ptj|為甚物|為sym物}} ||為什麼 ||why; for what. see ''[[sixafnzvoar]]'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Conjunctions == | == Conjunctions == | ||
{{tts|Listen| | {{tts|Listen|afnnef,afnzvoar,ar,iao, chinchviu,citmar,hafntid,høfkazaix,iah,in'ui / sofie,kab,kiafmzhae,kaxngkhoarn,koputciofng,lofngzorng,ma,mxbiern,mxkøq,mxna,na,suxnsoax,pwntea,taxnsi,tiaukafng,tiaukorix,tvaf,twciaq}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| afnny | | afnnef / afnny ||{{tj|按呢}} ||這樣子 / 如此 ||well…then | ||
|- | |- | ||
| afnzvoar|| | | afnzvoar || {{ptj|按怎}} ||何以 / 怎的 / 怎麼 ||how | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ar | | ar ({{x2|iao}}) ||{{tj|猶}} ||而 ||but; still (synonym [[iawkøq]]) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| chinchviu||{{wt|親像}} ||就像||as; such as; as if | | chinchviu ||{{wt|親像}} ||就像 ||as; such as; as if | ||
|- | |- | ||
| citmar|| | | citmar || {{ptj|這馬|cit馬}} / {{wt|即碼}} ||現在 ||at this moment | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hafntid||{{bt|罕得}}||少有/難得||rarely; seldom | | hafntid ||{{bt|罕得}} ||少有 / 難得 ||rarely; seldom | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[høfkazaix]]|| | | [[høfkazaix]] || {{ptj|好佳哉|好佳zaix}} ||幸好 / 幸虧 ||fortunately | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | iah ||{{wt|抑}} ||或 / 抑 ||or | ||
|- | |- | ||
| in'ui | | in'ui...sofie ||{{wt|因為}}…{{wt|所以}} || ||because…therefore | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kab||{{bt|佮}}||和||and; with | | kab ||{{bt|佮}} ||和 ||and; with | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kiafmzhae||{{ | | {{tx|kiafmzhae}} ||{{wt|檢采}} / 減采 ||{{wt|假使}} ||perhaps | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kaxngkhoarn|| | | kaxngkhoarn || {{ptj|仝款|kaxng款}} / 共款 ||一樣 / 同樣 / 相同 / 相像 ||same ; similar | ||
|- | |- | ||
| koputciofng/koputjiciofng||姑不將/{{bt|姑不而將}} ||不得已/無奈何||be obliged; have no choice but to; reluctant | | koputciofng / koputjiciofng ||姑不將 / {{bt|姑不而將}} ||不得已 / 無奈何 ||be obliged; have no choice but to; reluctant | ||
|- | |- | ||
| lofngzorng||{{wt|攏總}}||一共/一總/打總兒/全部||all; collectively | | lofngzorng ||{{wt|攏總}} ||一共 / 一總 / 打總兒 / 全部 ||all; collectively | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ma||{{tj|嘛}}||也/亦||also; too | | ma ||{{tj|嘛}} ||也 / 亦 ||also; too | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[mxbiern]]|| | | [[mxbiern]] || {{ptj|毋免|mx免}} ||不免 / 不必 ||not necessary; unnecessary; not have to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| mxkuo | | mxkøq / mxkuo || {{ptj|毋過}} ||不過 / 然而 ||but | ||
|- | |- | ||
| mxna|| | | mxna || {{ptj|毋但}} ||不只 / 不光 / 不但 ||not only… | ||
|- | |- | ||
| na||{{wt|若}}||若/如果||if | | na ||{{wt|若}} ||若 / 如果 ||if | ||
|- | |- | ||
| suxnsoax|| | | suxnsoax || {{ptj|順紲|順soax}} ||附帶 / 趁便 / 順便 ||conveniently | ||
|- | |- | ||
| pwntøea||{{bt|本底}}||本來/原本/先前||at first; originally | | pwntea (pwntøea) ||{{bt|本底}} ||本來 / 原本 / 先前 ||at first; originally | ||
|- | |- | ||
| taxnsi||{{wt|但是}}||但是||but | | taxnsi ||{{wt|但是}} ||但是 ||but | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tiaukafng/thiaukafng||{{bt|刁工}}/thiau工 ||特意||on purpose | | tiaukafng / thiaukafng ||{{bt|刁工}} / thiau工 ||特意 ||on purpose | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tiaukorix/thiaukorix||{{bt|刁故意}}/thiau故意 ||存心/成心/刻意/故意||on purpose | | tiaukorix / thiaukorix ||{{bt|刁故意}} / thiau故意 ||存心 / 成心 / 刻意 / 故意 ||on purpose | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tvaf||{{tj|今}}||現在/如今||now | | tvaf ||{{tj|今}} ||現在 / 如今 ||now | ||
|- | |- | ||
| twciaq|| | | twciaq || {{ptj|拄才|拄ciaq}} ||適即 / 剛剛 ||moment ago | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Auxiliary verbs == | == Auxiliary verbs == | ||
{{tts|Listen|aix,borng,bøe, | {{tts|Listen|aix,borng,be,bøe,beq,bexhiao,bexsae,bextaxng,e,øe,exhiao,exsae,extaxng,extitthafng,laai,m,maix,mxthafng,phvae,thafng,tiøqaix}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
Line 188: | Line 188: | ||
| borng||{{tj|罔}} ||姑且/將就||content oneself with; may as well | | borng||{{tj|罔}} ||姑且/將就||content oneself with; may as well | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bøe||{{tj|袂}} ||不會||be not able to; not willing to | | [[be]] (bøe) ||{{tj|袂}} ||不會||be not able to; not willing to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[beq]] ||{{tj|欲}} ||要/如果/快要||want; like | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[bexhiao]] || {{ptj|袂曉}} ||不會||don’t know | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[bexsae]] || {{ptj|袂使}} ||不可以||it can not be; be not able to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[bextaxng]] || {{ptj|袂當}} ||未為/不能||it can not be; be not able to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[e (toxngsuu)|e]] ||{{tj|會}} ||會/能||be able and willing to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[exhiao]]|| {{ptj|會曉}} ||能曉/會 ||know | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[exsae]]|| {{ptj|會使}} ||能使/可以||it may | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[extaxng]] ||{{ptj|會當}} ||能為/可以||be able to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | {{x|extitthafng}} ||{{ptj|會得通}} ||可以||it can be; be able to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | laai||{{wt|來}} ||來||let’s ; come | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | m ||{{tj|毋}} ||不||not | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | [[maix]]||{{tj|莫}} ||勿/毋||do not | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | mxthafng||mx通/{{ptj|毋通}} ||不可||may not | ||
|- | |- | ||
| phvae||{{tj|歹}} ||壞/惡/難||it’s bad to | | phvae||{{tj|歹}} ||壞/惡/難||it’s bad to | ||
Line 222: | Line 222: | ||
| tiøqaix||著愛||須||have to | | tiøqaix||著愛||須||have to | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Adverbs (Huosuu) == | == Adverbs (Huosuu) == | ||
See also: [[Huosuu]] | See also: [[Huosuu]] | ||
{{tts|Listen|bøo-tviutii | {{tts|Listen|bøo-tviutii. ciog. ciu. cyn. cviaa. iao. iawboe. juo...juo. kaix. kaq. kantvaf. khaq. køhkhaq. køq. kuikhix. liammy. lorng. luo...luo. niaxnia. siong. sioxngkaix. suii. svakab. sviw. teq. thaix. thaothaux. tø. tvaf hai`aq. twtwafhør}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bøo-tviutii||{{ptj|無張持 | | bøo-tviutii ||{{ptj|無張持}} ||沒注意/不小心 ||unexpectedly (see {{x|hutjieen}}) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ciog||{{wt|足}}||足/很||very; very much | | ciog ||{{wt|足}} ||足/很 ||very; very much | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ciu||{{wt|就}} ||就||then | | ciu ||{{wt|就}} ||就 ||then | ||
|- | |- | ||
| cyn-||{{wt|真}} ||真||very | | cyn- ||{{wt|真}} ||真 ||very | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[uxkaux|cviaa]]||{{wt|誠}} ||很||very much | | [[uxkaux|cviaa]] ||{{wt|誠}} ||很 ||very much | ||
|- | |- | ||
| iao||{{tj|猶}} ||還/尚|| still; yet | | iao ||{{tj|猶}} ||還/尚 || still; yet | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[iawboe]] ||{{ptj|猶未}} ||尚未 ||not yet | ||
|- | |- | ||
| juo...juo||愈…愈 ({{wt|愈}})||愈…愈||the more…the more | | juo...juo ||愈…愈 ({{wt|愈}}) ||愈…愈 ||the more…the more | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kaix||{{wt|界}}||最||very | | kaix ||{{wt|界}} ||最 ||very | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kaq||{{ | | kaq ||{{wt|佮}} ||與 ||to | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kantvaf|| | | kantvaf || {{ptj|干焦|干tvaf}} ||只有 ||only; merely | ||
|- | |- | ||
| khaq||{{wt|較}}||比較/更/再||more | | khaq ||{{wt|較}} ||比較/更/再 ||more | ||
|- | |- | ||
| køhkhaq|| | | køhkhaq ||{{ptj|閣較}} ||更較/復較 ||even more | ||
|- | |- | ||
| køq||{{tj|閣}} ||再/還/更加||again; more | | køq ||{{tj|閣}} ||再/還/更加 ||again; more | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kuikhix||{{ | | kuikhix ||{{wt|規氣}}/歸氣 ||索性/乾脆 ||simply; totally | ||
|- | |- | ||
| liampvy | | liammy / liampvy ||{{wt|連鞭}} ||馬上 ||at once | ||
|- | |- | ||
| lorng||{{ | | lorng ||{{wt|攏}} ||都/皆/全部 ||all | ||
|- | |- | ||
| luo...luo||愈…愈||愈…愈||the more…the more | | luo...luo ||愈…愈 ||愈…愈 ||the more…the more | ||
|- | |- | ||
| niaxnia||{{ | | niaxnia ||{{tj|爾爾}} ||而已 ||only | ||
|- | |- | ||
| siong||{{ | | siong ||{{wt|上}} ||尚/最 ||the most | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sioxngkaix||{{ | | sioxngkaix ||{{wt|上蓋}} ||最 ||the most | ||
|- | |- | ||
| suii||{{wt|隨}} ||馬上||immediately | | suii ||{{wt|隨}} ||馬上 ||immediately | ||
|- | |- | ||
| svakab||{{ | | svakab ||{{wt|相佮}} ||一起 ||together | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sviw||{{ | | sviw ||{{wt|傷}} ||太 ||too much; too many | ||
|- | |- | ||
| teq||{{tj|咧}} ||在/正在||in the process of | | teq ||{{tj|咧}} ||在/正在 ||in the process of | ||
|- | |- | ||
| thaix||{{wt|太}} ||太||very | | thaix ||{{wt|太}} ||太 ||very | ||
|- | |- | ||
| thaothaux||{{ | | thaothaux ||{{wt|透透}} ||透徹 ||thoroughly | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tø||{{tj|就}} || ||yet; though; then | | tø ||{{tj|就}} || ||yet; though; then | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tvaf hai`aq||{{ | | tvaf hai`aq ||{{wt|今害矣}} ||? ||"too bad" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| twafhør/twtwafhør|| | | twafhør / twtwafhør ||{{ptj|拄仔好}} ||剛剛好 ||just right | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 322: | Line 320: | ||
| tiaxm||{{tj|踮}} ||站/在||at; in | | tiaxm||{{tj|踮}} ||站/在||at; in | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ti teq||佇leq/{{ptj|佇咧}} ||正在||in the process of | | ti teq / {{x|tixleq}} ||佇leq/{{ptj|佇咧}} ||正在||in the process of | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tngf||{{wt|當}} ||當||when; at that moment | | tngf||{{wt|當}} ||當||when; at that moment | ||
Line 334: | Line 332: | ||
== Suffix particles indicating mood == | == Suffix particles indicating mood == | ||
{{tts|Listen|par`aq. par`ax. par` | ''See also'': [[Twenty-seven words beginning with the grave accent]] | ||
{{tts|Listen|par`aq. par`ax. par`boe. par`bøo. par`hvoq. par`jiblaai. par`jibkhix. jip`laai. jip`khix. khix`aq. par`khylaai. par`khykhix. par`khylix. exsae`tid. khvoarmai. laq. leq. løq. par`løqkhix. par`løqlaai. oq. tiøh}} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| `aq/`ax||{{wt|矣}}||呀||an enclitic at the end of sentence to mark the completion of action | | `aq / `ax||{{wt|矣}}||呀||an enclitic at the end of sentence to mark the completion of action | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ` | | `[[boe]] / `be ||{{wt|未}}||未||did… or not | ||
|- | |- | ||
| `bøo||{{tj|無}}||沒有||yes or not | | `bøo||{{tj|無}}||沒有||yes or not | ||
Line 363: | Line 363: | ||
| `khylix||`起去||||get up | | `khylix||`起去||||get up | ||
|- | |- | ||
| khvoarmai|| | | {{x2|exsae`tid}} ||{{ptj|會使得}}||能使得/可以的||okay; can be; may | ||
|- | |||
| khvoarmai ||{{ptj|看覓|看mai}} ||看看||just try it to see | |||
|- | |- | ||
| laq||{{tj|啦}}||啦||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate recognition; affirmative; impatience; completion; request | | laq||{{tj|啦}}||啦||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate recognition; affirmative; impatience; completion; request | ||
|- | |- | ||
| liq/leq||{{tj|哩}}/{{tj|咧}}!||||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate command; emphasize on interrogative mood | | liq / leq||{{tj|哩}}/{{tj|咧}}!||||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate command; emphasize on interrogative mood | ||
|- | |- | ||
| løq||{{bt|囉}}||囉||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate completion; exclamation; or emphasize | | løq||{{bt|囉}}||囉||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate completion; exclamation; or emphasize | ||
Line 376: | Line 378: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| `oq||`喔!||||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate caution; exclamation; | | `oq||`喔!||||an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate caution; exclamation; | ||
|- | |- | ||
| tiøh||{{bt|著}}|| ||affix to many verbs expressing accomplishment or taking effect | | tiøh||{{bt|著}}|| ||affix to many verbs expressing accomplishment or taking effect | ||
Line 385: | Line 385: | ||
See also: [[Toxngsuu]] | See also: [[Toxngsuu]] | ||
{{tts|Listen|aix.ao.barn.biq.bøviar.chi.chiaau.chiøf.chitthøo.chviaa.chviar.chviax.chviux.ciah.ciaokhykafng.cym.giaa.giexn.giin.hahhix.hao.haxmbiin.hiaam.hiin.hipsiong.hiøq.hiw.hoaq.i.jiarng.jiog.kaam.kah'ix.kaxn.kerng. | {{tts|Listen|aix.ao.barn.biq.bøviar.chi.chiaau.chiøf.chitthøo.chviaa.chviar.chviax.chviux.ciah.ciaokhykafng.cym.giaa.giexn.giin.hahhix.hao.haxmbiin.hiaam.hiin.hipsiong.hiøq.hiw.hoaq.i.jiarng.jiog.kaam.kah'ix.kaxn.kerng.khausea.khaw.khia.khoarn.khuxn.khvoax.kiernsiaux.kiørsi.korng.koxng.keasyn.kviaa.kvoa.kvoaa`tiøh.laosae.larm.liah.liam.liaqzurn.liaxm.lym.ngx.oar.ølør.parngsag.phag.phahkhachviux.phahphvae`khix.phak jidthaau.pharngkvix.phoarpvi.phvi.phuix.po.poah.poaqkiao.puun.saf.siafphoef.siar.siongpurn.siuu.siuxkhix.soahsoaq`khix.seaji.søf.søo.suq.tafm.thef.theh.thviaf.tiøo.tngr`khix.tong.tør`leq.tuhkw.zaiviar.zao.zefng.zhamsioong.zhoa.zhoafnkhuix.zhoaq.zhoarnsviu.zhoxng.zhoxng sviar.zhw.zhwn.zng.zuxn}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
Line 460: | Line 460: | ||
| kerng||{{wt|揀}}||揀||choose; select | | kerng||{{wt|揀}}||揀||choose; select | ||
|- | |- | ||
| khausøea||{{bt|剾洗}} ||諷刺/刨說||give sarcastic; ironical caustic comments | | khausea/khausøea||{{bt|剾洗}} ||諷刺/刨說||give sarcastic; ironical caustic comments | ||
|- | |- | ||
| khaw||{{wt|剾}} ||諷刺/刮/刨||speak ironically | | khaw||{{wt|剾}} ||諷刺/刮/刨||speak ironically | ||
Line 480: | Line 480: | ||
| koxng||{{tj|摃}} ||打/摃||hit | | koxng||{{tj|摃}} ||打/摃||hit | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | koeasyn||{{wt|過身}}||過世||pass away; die | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[kviaa]] ||{{wt|行}} ||行走||walk | | [[kviaa]] ||{{wt|行}} ||行走||walk | ||
Line 528: | Line 528: | ||
| po||{{tj|哺}}||哺||chew | | po||{{tj|哺}}||哺||chew | ||
|- | |- | ||
| poah||{{tj|跋}} ||跌||fall down | | poah||{{tj|跋}} ||跌||fall down (see {{x2|poah cidtør}}) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| poaqkiao||{{ptj|跋筊}} ||賭博||gamble | | {{tx|poaqkiao}} ||{{ptj|跋筊}} ||賭博||gamble | ||
|- | |- | ||
| puun||{{wt|歕}}||吹||to blow | | puun||{{wt|歕}}||吹||to blow | ||
Line 536: | Line 536: | ||
| saf||{{wt|捎}} ||抓||to grasp; to catch | | saf||{{wt|捎}} ||抓||to grasp; to catch | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | siafphoef||{{bt|寫批}}||寫信||to write a letter | ||
|- | |- | ||
| siar||{{wt|寫}}||寫||to write | | siar||{{wt|寫}}||寫||to write | ||
Line 546: | Line 546: | ||
| soahsoaq`khix||{{bt|煞煞去}}||算了||to stop or discontinue with intention; call it off | | soahsoaq`khix||{{bt|煞煞去}}||算了||to stop or discontinue with intention; call it off | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{tts| | | {{tts|seaji}}/{{tts|søeaji}}||{{wt|細膩}} ||小心||be careful; concerned; deliberate; watchful | ||
|- | |- | ||
| søf||{{wt|挲}} ||搔/搓||stroke; rub; pet | | søf||{{wt|挲}} ||搔/搓||stroke; rub; pet | ||
Line 558: | Line 558: | ||
| thef||{{tj|䖙}}||靠/躺||recline; lean on | | thef||{{tj|䖙}}||靠/躺||recline; lean on | ||
|- | |- | ||
| theh||{{tj|提}}||提/拿||to lift | | theh||{{tj|提}}||提/拿||to lift; hold in the hand; grasp; take. cf. ''zhoa'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| thviaf||{{wt|聽}} ||聽||to listen | | thviaf||{{wt|聽}} ||聽||to listen | ||
Line 580: | Line 580: | ||
| zhamsioong||{{wt|參詳}}||商量||discuss; confer | | zhamsioong||{{wt|參詳}}||商量||discuss; confer | ||
|- | |- | ||
| zhoa||{{tj|𤆬}} ||導/迎娶 ||lead; guide; accompany; escort; show the way | | zhoa||{{tj|𤆬}} ||導/迎娶 ||lead; guide; accompany; escort; show the way (cf. ''theh'') | ||
|- | |- | ||
| zhoafnkhuix||{{wt|喘氣}}||呼吸||breathe | | zhoafnkhuix||{{wt|喘氣}}||呼吸||breathe | ||
Line 600: | Line 600: | ||
[[Heng'iongsuu]] | [[Heng'iongsuu]] | ||
{{tts|Listen|bae.bø'eeng.bøzhae.chirnzhae.chiuchixn.chvihun/zhvehun.cidkoar.cidsi'ar.cidsut'ar.ciør.eng'eeng.gaau.gong.hamban.hiaau.hiafm.høfgiah.høfkhafng.høfsex.huiekhix.hvoahie.ientaau.jixncyn.keksae.khiao.khiarngkhaf.khoaelok.khofng.khor.khunkhiam.kiaam.kirn.kofix.kofzuy.koarnsix.kutlat.kvialaang.lau.lahsab.lixpien.og.phahpviax.phvae.phvaysex.pintvoa.sarnchiaq.segsai.siab.siaolieen.sien.simseg.siok.siøfkhoar.siongpurn.sngf.soong. | {{tts|Listen|bae.bø'eeng.bøzhae.chirnzhae.chiuchixn.chvihun/zhvehun.cidkoar.cidsi'ar.cidsut'ar.ciør.eng'eeng.gaau.gong.hamban.hiaau.hiafm.høfgiah.høfkhafng.høfsex.huiekhix.hvoahie.ientaau.jixncyn.keksae.khiao.khiarngkhaf.khoaelok.khofng.khor.khunkhiam.kiaam.kirn.kofix.kofzuy.koarnsix.kutlat.kvialaang.lau.lahsab.lixpien.og.phahpviax.phvae.phvaysex.pintvoa.sarnchiaq.segsai.siab.siaolieen.sien.simseg.siok.siøfkhoar.siongpurn.sngf.soong.sex.suie.tarngsngf.taxmpøqar.thiarm.thihkhie.thøfzex.tiaau.tiautit.toa.tvy.voax.zar.zhengkhix.zhwn.ze}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ! MTL || THJ || MSM || ENG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bae|| {{wt|䆀}} ||醜||ugly; mean | | [[bae]]|| {{wt|䆀}} ||醜||ugly; mean | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bø'eeng||{{ptj|無閒}}||無閑||busy | | bø'eeng||{{ptj|無閒}}||無閑||busy | ||
Line 631: | Line 631: | ||
| gong||{{wt|戇}}||傻||stupid; silly | | gong||{{wt|戇}}||傻||stupid; silly | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hanban/hamban||{{ptj|頇顢|頇ban}}||愚笨 ||incompetent; clumsy; unskillful | | hanban/[[hamban]]||{{ptj|頇顢|頇ban}}||愚笨 ||incompetent; clumsy; unskillful | ||
|- | |- | ||
| hiaau|| {{tj|嬈}} ||嬲||lascivious; lewd | | hiaau|| {{tj|嬈}} ||嬲||lascivious; lewd | ||
Line 717: | Line 717: | ||
| soong||{{tj|倯}} ||||hick; clownish; bucolic; stupid | | soong||{{tj|倯}} ||||hick; clownish; bucolic; stupid | ||
|- | |- | ||
| søex||{{wt|細}}||||small; little | | sex/søex||{{wt|細}}||||small; little | ||
|- | |- | ||
| suie||{{tj|媠}} ||美||beautiful | | suie||{{tj|媠}} ||美||beautiful | ||
Line 747: | Line 747: | ||
| zhwn||{{tj|賰}}||剩||(adj) more than enough | | zhwn||{{tj|賰}}||剩||(adj) more than enough | ||
|- | |- | ||
| zøe||{{tj|濟}}||多||plenty; many | | ze/zøe||{{tj|濟}}||多||plenty; many | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 914: | Line 914: | ||
See also: [[sikafn]] | See also: [[sikafn]] | ||
{{tts|Listen|armsii. armthau'ar. au`jit. auxjit. bin'afzaix. mia'afzaix. bømii-bøjit. cidtiafm'afkuo. cidtiap'afkuo. cirnzeeng. citmar. citzun. ehngf. eng'axm. etaux. expof. extaux. hiexntai. hiøhjoah. hiøhkvoaa. jit`sii. joaqthvy. khahtheng'ar. kin'afjit. kinnii. | {{tts|Listen|armsii. armthau'ar. au`jit. auxjit. bin'afzaix. mia'afzaix. bømii-bøjit. cidtiafm'afkuo. cidtiap'afkuo. cirnzeeng. citmar. citzun. ehngf. eng'axm. etaux. expof. extaux. hiexntai. hiøhjoah. hiøhkvoaa. jit`sii. joaqthvy. khahtheng'ar. kin'afjit. kinnii. koeakhix. kofzar. kuxnii. kvoathvy. Lefpaix-jit. Paix-id. Paix-ji. Paix-svaf. Paix-six. Paix-go. Paix-lak. sincviaf. tangthvy. thao'axm. thaomii. thaozar. thaozar-thao'axm. thautwar. thvikngf. tiongtaux. tviaxtvia. twciaq. za'axm. zafban. zafkhie. zahngf. zhunthvy. zøjit. zuun`nii}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
Line 966: | Line 966: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kinnii||{{wt|今年}}||||this year | | kinnii||{{wt|今年}}||||this year | ||
|- | |||
| [[koeakhix]]||{{wt|過去}}||||in the past | |||
|- | |- | ||
| {{x|kofzar}} ||{{wt|古早}}||||long long ago | | {{x|kofzar}} ||{{wt|古早}}||||long long ago | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kuxnii||{{wt|舊年}}||||last year | | kuxnii||{{wt|舊年}}||||last year |
Revision as of 04:44, 18 February 2018
Taiguo Siong'iong 460 ji 🔊 (台語常用460字; 460 Common Taiwanese Words) written in MTL with English definitions. Source: Taiguo Siong’iong 460-ji (台語文協會/2004年黃美雲整理) Note: the Taiwanese Harnji shown are not necessarily standard.
Personal pronouns
Main article: Personal pronouns
MTL | THJ | Hoaguo | Engguo |
---|---|---|---|
goar 🔊 | 我 | 我 | I; me |
gurn 🔊 | 阮† | 我們/我的 | we; us; (not including listener) |
goarn 🔊 | 阮† | 我/我們/我等/咱們 | we; us; (not including listener) |
kaki 🔊 | 家己 | 自己 | self |
larn 🔊 | 咱† | 我們/咱 | we; us; (includes listener) |
lie 🔊 | 汝/你†/妳 | 你/妳/汝 | you |
lirn 🔊 | 恁† | 你們/你的/你們的 | you (plural/exclusive) |
tag'ee 🔊 | 逐个 | 各個/每個 | everybody |
taixkef 🔊 | 大家 | 大家 | everybody; all the people |
y 🔊 | 伊 | 他/她/祂 | he; she; it; his; her |
yn 🔊 | 𪜶† | 他們/他的 | they; them |
Demonstrative pronouns
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
Template:X2 | cid个 | 一個 | one |
Template:X2^ | 遮† | 這裡 | here |
Template:X2 (Template:X2) | 遮的† | 這些 | these |
ciahniq' (ciahni) | 遮爾† | 這麼 | such; so |
Template:X2 (cid ee) | cit个 | 這個 | this one |
Template:X2 | cit款 | 這種/這樣 | this kind of |
Template:X2^ | 彼† | 那 | that one |
Template:X2 (Template:X2) | 遐的† | 那些 | those |
Template:X2^ | 遐† | 那裡 | there |
Template:X2' / Template:X2 | 遐爾† | 那麼 | in that way |
Template:X2 | 彼个‡ | 那個 | that one |
Template:X2 | 彼款‡ | 那款 | that kind of |
Template:X2 | 啥款‡ | 怎麼樣 | what kind |
Template:X2 | symmih款 | 什麼樣 | what do you think |
Template:X2^ | 這† | 這 | this one |
Tone sandhi exceptions:
- ^: words that never change tone.
- ': words ending with apostrophe, which will be directly followed by another word with no space.
Interrogative pronouns
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
joaxkuo | 偌久‡ | 多久 | how long |
joaxtoa (goaxtoa) | 偌大‡ | 多大 | how big |
joaxze (goaxze) | 偌濟† | 多少 | how many; how much |
kuyee | 幾个 | 幾個 | how many |
kuyjit | 幾日 | 幾日 | how many days |
kuykafng | 幾工 | 幾天 | how many days |
kuytiarm | 幾點 | 幾點 | what time it is |
nar | 哪† | 怎 | how; why; what |
nar e (naføe) | 哪會† | 怎會 | how come; how could this be possible |
sviafhoex (sviafhøex) | 啥貨‡/sviaf貨 | 甚麼/什麼東西 | what |
sviaflaang | 啥人† | 哪個/孰/誰/誰人/誰個 | who |
sviar | 啥† | 甚 | what |
symmih^ (sviafmih) | 啥物‡/sym物 | 什麼 | what |
symmih'laang (sviaflaang) | sym物laang | 什麼人 | who |
tafcidee (tøfcidee) | 佗一个‡/tøfcid个 | 哪一個 | which one |
tafcidhang (tøfcidhang) | tøfcid項 | 哪一項 | which item |
tafcidui (tøfcidui) | tøfcid位 | 哪一位 | which one |
tangsii | 當時 | 何時 | when |
tafui (tøfui) | 佗位‡/tøf位 | 那裡 | where |
uixhøo | 為何 | 因何/為什麼/為何 | why; for what |
uixsymmih^ (ui symmih)^ | 為甚物‡/為sym物 | 為什麼 | why; for what. see sixafnzvoar |
Conjunctions
Listen 🔊
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
afnnef / afnny | 按呢† | 這樣子 / 如此 | well…then |
afnzvoar | 按怎‡ | 何以 / 怎的 / 怎麼 | how |
ar (Template:X2) | 猶† | 而 | but; still (synonym iawkøq) |
chinchviu | 親像 | 就像 | as; such as; as if |
citmar | 這馬‡/cit馬 / 即碼 | 現在 | at this moment |
hafntid | 罕得 | 少有 / 難得 | rarely; seldom |
høfkazaix | 好佳哉‡/好佳zaix | 幸好 / 幸虧 | fortunately |
iah | 抑 | 或 / 抑 | or |
in'ui...sofie | 因為…所以 | because…therefore | |
kab | 佮 | 和 | and; with |
kiafmzhae 🔊 | 檢采 / 減采 | 假使 | perhaps |
kaxngkhoarn | 仝款‡/kaxng款 / 共款 | 一樣 / 同樣 / 相同 / 相像 | same ; similar |
koputciofng / koputjiciofng | 姑不將 / 姑不而將 | 不得已 / 無奈何 | be obliged; have no choice but to; reluctant |
lofngzorng | 攏總 | 一共 / 一總 / 打總兒 / 全部 | all; collectively |
ma | 嘛† | 也 / 亦 | also; too |
mxbiern | 毋免‡/mx免 | 不免 / 不必 | not necessary; unnecessary; not have to |
mxkøq / mxkuo | 毋過‡ | 不過 / 然而 | but |
mxna | 毋但‡ | 不只 / 不光 / 不但 | not only… |
na | 若 | 若 / 如果 | if |
suxnsoax | 順紲‡/順soax | 附帶 / 趁便 / 順便 | conveniently |
pwntea (pwntøea) | 本底 | 本來 / 原本 / 先前 | at first; originally |
taxnsi | 但是 | 但是 | but |
tiaukafng / thiaukafng | 刁工 / thiau工 | 特意 | on purpose |
tiaukorix / thiaukorix | 刁故意 / thiau故意 | 存心 / 成心 / 刻意 / 故意 | on purpose |
tvaf | 今† | 現在 / 如今 | now |
twciaq | 拄才‡/拄ciaq | 適即 / 剛剛 | moment ago |
Auxiliary verbs
Listen 🔊
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
aix | 愛 | 喜歡/想要/愛 | want; like |
borng | 罔† | 姑且/將就 | content oneself with; may as well |
be (bøe) | 袂† | 不會 | be not able to; not willing to |
beq | 欲† | 要/如果/快要 | want; like |
bexhiao | 袂曉‡ | 不會 | don’t know |
bexsae | 袂使‡ | 不可以 | it can not be; be not able to |
bextaxng | 袂當‡ | 未為/不能 | it can not be; be not able to |
e | 會† | 會/能 | be able and willing to |
exhiao | 會曉‡ | 能曉/會 | know |
exsae | 會使‡ | 能使/可以 | it may |
extaxng | 會當‡ | 能為/可以 | be able to |
extitthafng | 會得通‡ | 可以 | it can be; be able to |
laai | 來 | 來 | let’s ; come |
m | 毋† | 不 | not |
maix | 莫† | 勿/毋 | do not |
mxthafng | mx通/毋通‡ | 不可 | may not |
phvae | 歹† | 壞/惡/難 | it’s bad to |
thafng | 通 | 通過/可以 | may |
tiøqaix | 著愛 | 須 | have to |
Adverbs (Huosuu)
See also: Huosuu
Listen 🔊
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
bøo-tviutii | 無張持‡ | 沒注意/不小心 | unexpectedly (see hutjieen) |
ciog | 足 | 足/很 | very; very much |
ciu | 就 | 就 | then |
cyn- | 真 | 真 | very |
cviaa | 誠 | 很 | very much |
iao | 猶† | 還/尚 | still; yet |
iawboe | 猶未‡ | 尚未 | not yet |
juo...juo | 愈…愈 (愈) | 愈…愈 | the more…the more |
kaix | 界 | 最 | very |
kaq | 佮 | 與 | to |
kantvaf | 干焦‡/干tvaf | 只有 | only; merely |
khaq | 較 | 比較/更/再 | more |
køhkhaq | 閣較‡ | 更較/復較 | even more |
køq | 閣† | 再/還/更加 | again; more |
kuikhix | 規氣/歸氣 | 索性/乾脆 | simply; totally |
liammy / liampvy | 連鞭 | 馬上 | at once |
lorng | 攏 | 都/皆/全部 | all |
luo...luo | 愈…愈 | 愈…愈 | the more…the more |
niaxnia | 爾爾† | 而已 | only |
siong | 上 | 尚/最 | the most |
sioxngkaix | 上蓋 | 最 | the most |
suii | 隨 | 馬上 | immediately |
svakab | 相佮 | 一起 | together |
sviw | 傷 | 太 | too much; too many |
teq | 咧† | 在/正在 | in the process of |
thaix | 太 | 太 | very |
thaothaux | 透透 | 透徹 | thoroughly |
tø | 就† | yet; though; then | |
tvaf hai`aq | 今害矣 | ? | "too bad" |
twafhør / twtwafhør | 拄仔好‡ | 剛剛好 | just right |
Prepositions
(介詞) Listen 🔊
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
ciaux | 照 | 照 | follow |
ciofng | 將 | 將 | going to ; about to |
ho | 予 | 給/乎 | to; by |
ka | 共 | 給/跟 | with; to |
kab | 佮 | 和 | with; and |
kaux | 到†/夠 | 到/夠 | to; enough |
kuozai | 據在 | 隨便 | indiscreetly; at one’s convenience |
pie | 比 | 比 | compare |
suizai | 隨在 | 任憑/任由 | at one’s convenience; no matter; regardless |
ti | 佇 | 在 | at; in |
tiaxm | 踮† | 站/在 | at; in |
ti teq / tixleq | 佇leq/佇咧‡ | 正在 | in the process of |
tngf | 當 | 當 | when; at that moment |
tuix | 對 | 對 | right; correct |
tuy | 追? | 從 | from |
uixtiøh | 為著 | 為了 | for the sake of |
Suffix particles indicating mood
See also: Twenty-seven words beginning with the grave accent
Listen 🔊
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
`aq / `ax | 矣 | 呀 | an enclitic at the end of sentence to mark the completion of action |
`boe / `be | 未 | 未 | did… or not |
`bøo | 無† | 沒有 | yes or not |
`hvoq | 乎 | 吧 | an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate emphasize on interrogative mood |
`jiblaai | `入來 | 進來 | come in here |
`jibkhix | `入去 | 進去 | get in there |
jip`laai | 入`來 | come in | |
jip`khix | 入`去 | to go in | |
khix`aq | 去矣 | enclitic affixes to verbs to express completion of action | |
`khylaai | `起來 | get up to here | |
`khykhix | `起去 | get up to there | |
`khylix | `起去 | get up | |
Template:X2 | 會使得‡ | 能使得/可以的 | okay; can be; may |
khvoarmai | 看覓‡/看mai | 看看 | just try it to see |
laq | 啦† | 啦 | an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate recognition; affirmative; impatience; completion; request |
liq / leq | 哩†/咧†! | an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate command; emphasize on interrogative mood | |
løq | 囉 | 囉 | an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate completion; exclamation; or emphasize |
`løqkhix | `落去 | 下去 | downward to there |
`løqlaai | `落來 | 下來 | downward to here |
`oq | `喔! | an enclitic at the end of sentence to indicate caution; exclamation; | |
tiøh | 著 | affix to many verbs expressing accomplishment or taking effect |
Verbs (Toxngsuu)
See also: Toxngsuu
Listen 🔊
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
aix | 愛 | 喜歡/想要/愛 | love; like |
ao | 拗 | 折/扭曲 | break and snap |
barn | 挽 | 拔 | pluck |
biq | 覕 | 匿/逃避/躲 | hide |
bøviar | bø影/無影‡ | 不真實的 | no such thing; groundless; unsubstantiated |
chi | 飼 | 飼 | raise; feed |
chiaau | 撨† | 移/調整 | to adjust; to move |
chiøf | 𪁎† | 好色 | be horny |
chitthøo | 𨑨迌† | 玩耍 | play; have fun |
chviaa | 晟† | 成/栽培 | to raise kids |
chviar | 請 | 請 | to request; to ask; to invite |
chviax | 倩 | 聘僱/僱用 | to hire |
chviux | 唱 | 唱 | to sing |
ciah | 食 | 吃 | to eat |
ciaokhykafng | 照起工 | 按部就班 | keep to the working routine |
cym | 唚† | 吻 | to kiss |
giaa | 夯† | 抬 | carry heavy thing over the shoulder |
giexn | 癮† | 癮/渴望 | to crave; addict |
giin | 睨† | 凝 | stare |
hahhix | 哈hix/哈唏‡ | 喝噓/打哈欠 | to yawn |
hao | 吼 | 哭/叫 | roar; howl |
haxmbiin | 陷眠 | 做夢 | talk in one's sleep; dreaming |
hiaam | 嫌 | 嫌 | to detest; to dislike |
hiin | 眩 | 眩/暈 | dizzy |
hipsiong | 翕相 | 照相 | take a picture |
hiøq | 歇 | 休息 | rest |
hiw | 咻† | 喊 | scream; shout |
hoaq | 喝 | 喊 | shout |
i | 奕 | 玩 | to play |
jiarng | 嚷 | 嚷 | shout |
jiog | 逐 | 追 | to chase; to follow |
kaam | 含 | 含/唅 | hold in the mouth |
kah'ix | 佮意 | 中意 | feel satisfied; take delight |
kaxn | 姦† | 姦 | intercourse |
kerng | 揀 | 揀 | choose; select |
khausea/khausøea | 剾洗 | 諷刺/刨說 | give sarcastic; ironical caustic comments |
khaw | 剾 | 諷刺/刮/刨 | speak ironically |
khia | 徛† | 豎/站 | to stand |
khoarn | 款 | 整理行李 | pack; prepare for travel |
khuxn | 睏† | 睡 | sleep |
khvoax | 看 | 看 | to see |
kiernsiaux | 見笑 | 丟人 | feel ashamed; embarrassed |
kiørsi | 叫是 | 以為 | assume; presume |
korng | 講 | 講 | to say; to speak |
koxng | 摃† | 打/摃 | hit |
koeasyn | 過身 | 過世 | pass away; die |
kviaa | 行 | 行走 | walk |
kvoa | 捾† | 攜 | carry by a handle |
kvoaa`tiøh | 寒著 | 著涼 | catch cold |
laosae | 落屎 | 拉肚子/瀉肚子 | have loose bowel |
larm | 攬 | 攬 | embrace/bear |
liah | 掠 | 掠/捕 | catch; grasp |
liam | 唸 | 唸 | to read; to recite |
liaqzurn | 掠準 | 以為 | presume |
liaxm | 捻† | 捻 | to drive; to expel |
lym | 啉† | 喝/飲 | to drink |
ngx | 向 | 向 | to face |
oar | 倚 | 倚 | recline; lean on |
ølør | 呵咾† | 讚美 | praise |
parngsag | 放捒† | 放棄 | give up; abandon |
phag | 覆/仆 | 覆/仆 | lying face down |
phahkhachviux | 拍咳啾‡ | 打噴嚏 | sneeze |
phahphvae`khix | 拍歹去‡ | to ruin; spoil; make a mess of something | |
phak jidthaau | 曝日頭 | 晒太陽 | be exposed to sunshine; sunbath |
pharngkvix | 拍毋見‡ | 丟掉/不見 | lose; misplace |
phoarpvi | 破病 | 生病 | get sick |
phvi | 鼻 | 聞/嗅 | smell |
phuix | 呸† | 吐/翻臉/唾 | spit |
po | 哺† | 哺 | chew |
poah | 跋† | 跌 | fall down (see Template:X2) |
poaqkiao 🔊 | 跋筊‡ | 賭博 | gamble |
puun | 歕 | 吹 | to blow |
saf | 捎 | 抓 | to grasp; to catch |
siafphoef | 寫批 | 寫信 | to write a letter |
siar | 寫 | 寫 | to write |
siuu | 泅 | 泅 | to swim |
siuxkhix | 受氣 | 生氣 | get angry; get upset |
soahsoaq`khix | 煞煞去 | 算了 | to stop or discontinue with intention; call it off |
seaji 🔊/søeaji 🔊 | 細膩 | 小心 | be careful; concerned; deliberate; watchful |
søf | 挲 | 搔/搓 | stroke; rub; pet |
søo | 趖† | 爬行 | wonder around |
suq | 欶 | 吸 | suck |
tafm | 啖† | 嚐 | lick; taste |
thef | 䖙† | 靠/躺 | recline; lean on |
theh | 提† | 提/拿 | to lift; hold in the hand; grasp; take. cf. zhoa |
thviaf | 聽 | 聽 | to listen |
tiøo | 趒 | 跳 | jump |
tngr`khix | 轉去 | 回去 | go home; go back |
tong | 洞 | 洞 | poke; hole |
tør`leq | 倒咧! | 倒哩! | lying down |
tuhkw | 盹龜‡ | 打瞌睡 | doze |
zaiviar | 知影 | 知道 | be aware of |
zao | 走 | 跑/逃 | to run; to leave |
zefng | 舂 | 舂 | hit |
zhamsioong | 參詳 | 商量 | discuss; confer |
zhoa | 𤆬† | 導/迎娶 | lead; guide; accompany; escort; show the way (cf. theh) |
zhoafnkhuix | 喘氣 | 呼吸 | breathe |
zhoaq | 掣 | 顫 | to shake; to tremble; to shiver |
zhoxng | 創 | 創 | to do; to create; to establish |
zhoxng sviar | 創啥‡ | 創甚 | to do something |
zhw | 趨‡ | 滑 | to slide |
zng/cvi | 吮/舐 | 饌 | to lick |
zuxn | 顫† | 抖 | shiver |
Adjectives (Heng'iongsuu)
Listen 🔊
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
bae | 䆀 | 醜 | ugly; mean |
bø'eeng | 無閒‡ | 無閑 | busy |
bøzhae | 無彩‡ | 可惜/白費 | too bad; regrettable |
chirnzhae | 凊彩 | 隨便/馬虎 | one or other; either way |
chiuchixn | 秋凊 | 涼快 | pleasantly cool |
chvihun/zhvehun | 生份 | 陌生/生疏 | strange; unfamiliar |
cidkoar | 一寡‡ | 少許/一些 | some; a little; a few |
cidsi'ar | 一絲仔‡ | 絲毫 | a little bit |
cidsut'ar | 一屑仔† | 一點點 | a little bit |
ciør | 少 | 少 | few |
eng'eeng | 閒閒 | 閒著沒事 | not busy |
gaau | 𠢕 | 賢 | clever; good at …; wise |
gong | 戇 | 傻 | stupid; silly |
hanban/hamban | 頇顢‡/頇ban | 愚笨 | incompetent; clumsy; unskillful |
hiaau | 嬈† | 嬲 | lascivious; lewd |
hiafm | 薟 | 辛 | hot; spicy |
høfgiah | 好額 | 有錢 | rich |
høfkhafng | 好空 | 好門路 | lucky; blessed |
høfsex | 好勢 | 好勢 | settled; finished |
huiekhix | 費氣 | 麻煩 | troublesome; difficult |
hvoahie | 歡喜 | 高興 | glad ; happy |
ientaau | 緣投 | 英俊 | handsome |
jixncyn | 認真 | 認真 | serious |
keksae | 激屎 | 傲慢 | snobbish; snooty; |
khiao | 巧 | 聰明 | clever; intelligent |
khiarngkhaf | 勥跤‡ | 精明/厲害 | shrewd; ambitious |
khoaelok | 快樂 | 快樂 | happy |
khofng | 悾 | 呆笨 | frantic; wild; maniac |
khor | 苦 | 苦 | bitter |
khunkhiam | 勤儉 | 勤儉 | hard-working and thrifty; diligent and frugal |
kiaam | 鹹 | 鹹 | salty (also stingy) |
kirn | 緊 | 快/急 | fast |
kofix | 古意 | 忠厚/老實 | gentle; mild; well-behaved |
kofzuy | 古錐 | 可愛 | cute |
koarnsix | 慣勢 | 習慣 | used to; accustomed to |
kutlat | 骨力 | 勤勞 | hard-working |
kvialaang | 驚人‡ | dirty; filthy; soiled | |
lau | 老 | 老 | old |
lahsab | 垃圾‡ | 骯髒 | dirty; filthy |
lixpien | 利便 | 便利 | convenient |
og | 惡 | 不好的 | bad; evil |
phahpviax | 拍拚 | 打拚 | work very hard; exerting the utmost strength |
phvae | 歹† | 壞/惡/難 | bad; evil |
phvaysex | 歹勢‡ | 不好意思 | embarrassed; shy; coy |
pintvoa | 貧惰 | 怠惰 | lazy |
sarnchiaq | 散赤 | 赤貧 | poor; poverty |
segsai | 熟似 | 熟識 | familiar; reminiscent |
siab | 澀 | rough; a slightly bitter taste that numbs the tongue | |
siaolieen | 少年 | 少年 | young |
sien | 𤺪† | 倦 | tired; sick of |
simseg | 心適 | interesting | |
siok | 俗 | cheap; not expensive | |
siøfkhoar | 小可仔‡ | 稍微 | some; a little; a few |
siongpurn | 傷本 | 高成本/花費大 | cost too much; too expensive; costly |
sngf | 酸 | sour | |
soong | 倯† | hick; clownish; bucolic; stupid | |
sex/søex | 細 | small; little | |
suie | 媠† | 美 | beautiful |
tarngsngf | 凍霜 | stingy | |
taxmpøqar | 淡薄仔‡ | some; a little bit | |
thiarm | 忝† | tired; weary | |
thihkhie | 鐵齒 | stubborn | |
thøfzex | 討債 | prodigal; in expenditure | |
tiaau | 牢 | 牢/住 | tight |
tiautit | 條直 | honest and straight-forward | |
toa | 大 | 大 | big |
tvy | 甜 | 甜 | sweet |
voax | 晏 | 晚/遲 | late |
zar | 早 | early | |
zhengkhix | 清氣 | clean | |
zhwn | 賰† | 剩 | (adj) more than enough |
ze/zøe | 濟† | 多 | plenty; many |
Nouns - blood relation and relations by marriage
Listen 🔊
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
acie | 阿姊 | older sister | |
acirm | 阿嬸 | the wife of one’s father’s younger brother | |
afng | 翁 | husband | |
ahviaf | 阿兄 | older brother | |
akim | 阿妗 | wife of maternal uncle | |
akofng | 阿公 | grandfather | |
aku | 阿舅 | mother’s brother | |
amar | 阿媽 | grandmother | |
amr | 阿姆 | the wife of one’s father’s older brother | |
apeq | 阿伯 | father’s older brother | |
azeg | 阿叔 | father’s younger brother | |
bor | 某† | 妻 | wife |
gyn'ar | 囡仔† | 孩子 | kids |
hauxsvy | 後生 | 兒子 | son |
khanchiuo`ee | 牽手 | wife | |
kviafsaix | 囝婿 | son-in-law | |
kviar | 囝 | 子 | child; son |
mamaf/mafmaq | 媽媽 | mother | |
papaf | 爸爸 | father | |
Siensvy | 先生 | Mr.; Sir | |
simpu/sinpu | 新婦 | 媳婦 | daughter-in-law |
siøfmoe | 小妹 | younger sister | |
siøfti | 小弟 | younger brother | |
sixtoa | 序大 | the senior; elder | |
sun'ar | 孫仔‡ | grandchildren | |
takef | 大家‡ | 婆婆 | husband’s mother |
takvoaf | 大官‡ | 公公 | husband’s father |
tangmngg`ee | 同門的‡ | 連襟 | the men whose wives are sisters |
tangsai | 同姒 | 妯娌 | the women whose husbands are brothers |
Thaethaix | 太太 | Mrs. | |
tviuxlaang | 丈人‡ | 岳父 | wife’s father |
tviuxmr | 丈姆 | wife’s mother | |
zabor-kviar | 查某囝‡ | daughter | |
zapof-kviar | 查甫囝‡ | son |
Nouns describing body (sengkhw)
Listen 🔊
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
axmkurn | 頷頸‡ | neck | |
bagbaai | 目眉 | eye brow | |
bagciw | 目睭‡ | 眼睛 | eye |
chiuo | 手 | hands | |
chiwkhiaw | 手曲 | elbow | |
exhaai | 下頦 | lower jaw | |
hengkharm | 胸坎 | chest; thorax | |
hvi | 耳 | ears | |
hvixkhafng | 耳空 | ear hole/ear | |
hvixzw | 耳珠 | ear lobe | |
kengkahthaau | 肩胛頭 | shoulder | |
khachiuo | 跤手 | 手和腳 | foot and hands |
khaf | 跤 | 腳 | legs |
khazhngf | 尻川† | 臀 | buttocks |
na'aau | 嚨喉 | 咽喉 | throat |
paktor | 腹肚 | stomach | |
phvi (phvi'ar) | 鼻 | nose | |
sengkhw | 身軀 | trunk; body | |
thaukhag | 頭殼 | head | |
thaumngg | 頭毛 | hair | |
thauzafng | 頭鬃 | hair | |
toxzaai | 肚臍 | belly button | |
zhuie'extao | 喙下斗 | lower jaw | |
zhuiekhie | 喙齒 | teeth | |
zhuietuun | 喙脣 | lips | |
zhuix | 喙 | mouth |
Nouns - general use
Listen 🔊
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
kankhor | 艱苦 | hardship | |
loxiong/loxeng | 路用 | use | |
miqkvia | 物件 | thing | |
paxnsex | 範勢 | 辦勢 | condition; situation |
sapbuun | 雪文‡ | soap | |
senglie | 生理 | 生意 | business |
sihnax | 爍爁† | 閃電 | lightning |
sofzai | 所在 | place; location | |
taixcix | 代誌‡ | 事情 | thing |
zhuopvy | 厝邊 | neighbor |
Nouns - Time (sikafn)
See also: sikafn
Listen 🔊
MTL | THJ | MSM | ENG |
---|---|---|---|
armsii | 暗時 | at night; night time | |
armthau'ar | 暗頭仔‡ | evening | |
au`jit | 後日 | the day after tomorrow | |
auxjit | 後日 | 幾天後 | some other day in the future |
bin'afzaix/mia'afzaix | 明仔載‡ | tomorrow | |
bømii-bøjit | 無暝無日 | day in day out | |
cidtiafm'ar-kuo | 一點仔久‡ | only a little bit long | |
cidtiap'ar-kuo | 一霎仔†久 | in a moment | |
cirnzeeng | 進前 | 無多久以前 | not long ago |
citmar | 這馬† | 現在 | right now |
citzun | 這陣† | 這時 | right now |
ehngf | 下昏‡ | 今昏 | tonight |
eng'axm | 下昏暗‡ | 今暗/今晚 | tonight |
etaux | 下晝‡ | 今罩/今午 | this afternoon |
expof | 下晡 | afternoon | |
extaux | 下晝 | afternoon | |
hiexntai | 現代 | modern | |
hiøhjoah | 歇熱 | summer vacation | |
hiøhkvoaa | 歇寒 | winter vacation | |
jit`sii | 日時 | day time | |
joaqthvy | 熱天 | summer | |
khahtheng'ar | 較停仔‡ | in a very short time | |
kin'afjit | 今仔日‡ | today | |
kinnii | 今年 | this year | |
koeakhix | 過去 | in the past | |
kofzar | 古早 | long long ago | |
kuxnii | 舊年 | last year | |
kvoathvy | 寒天 | winter | |
Lefpaejit | 禮拜日 | Sunday | |
Paeid | 拜一 | 禮拜一 | Monday |
Paeji | 拜二 | 禮拜二 | Tuesday |
Paesvaf | 拜三 | 禮拜三 | Wednesday |
Paesix | 拜四 | 禮拜四 | Thursday |
Paego | 拜五 | 禮拜五 | Friday |
Paelak | 拜六 | 禮拜六 | Saturday |
sincviaf | 新正 | lunar new year | |
tangthvy | 冬天 | winter | |
thao'axm | 透暗 | all night; very late at night | |
thaomii | 透暝 | all night | |
thaozar | 透早 | very early in the morning | |
thaozar-thao'axm | 透早透暗 | day or night | |
thautwar | 頭拄仔‡ | not long ago | |
thvikngf | 天光 | dawn; at dawn | |
tiongtaux | 中晝 | noon | |
tviaxtvia | 定定 | quite often | |
twciaq | 拄才‡ | 剛剛 | just now; just a moment ago |
za'axm | 昨暗 | last night | |
zafban | 早慢 | sooner or later | |
zafkhie | 早起 | morning | |
zahngf/zaqhngf | 昨昏 | 昨天 | yesterday |
zhunthvy | 春天 | 春天 | spring |
zøh`jit | 昨日 | 前天 | the day before yesterday |
zuun`nii | 前年‡ | the year before last year |