Table of all MLT finals: Difference between revisions

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A table of all ''finals'' in Taiwanese is presented in the following files using the [[Modern Taiwanese Language|MTL]] writing system. In MTL, the final contains the vowel, [[Tones of Taiwanese|tone]], and any consonant endings. There are 266 commonly-used finals found in the dictionary. If you drop the tones (count only the basic and high-short tones), there are 70.
'''Tables of all MLT finals'''. In a Taiwanese [[imcied|syllable]], there are two main parts: '''initial''' + '''final''', where the final includes [[Tones of Taiwanese|tone]]. In the [[Modern Literal Taiwanese|MLT]] writing system, the final may include up to three parts:


* Here is an [[:File:Abridged_table_of_finals_of_Taiwanese_in_MTL.pdf|abridged table of the finals of Taiwanese in MTL (PDF)]].
:: '''vowel''' + '''tone''' + optional '''final consonant'''


* Here is a [[:File:Finals_of_Taiwanese_in_MTL_PTC.pdf|companion chart (PDF)]] using words from [[Practical Taiwanese Conversation]], which covers 166 finals.
The tables below show how to spell any '''MLT final''' in each tone.


== Method ==
== Versions ==
266 distinct finals were found in the main entries of ''[[Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan]]''. First, 17,916 rows in the two main sections (starting with #1 & #50001) were considered. Each [[TRS]] word was broken down into pre-[[sandhi]] [[syllable]]s, yielding a total of 35,859 syllables, from which 2,080 distinct syllables were counted. Each syllable was then converted into MTL and broken into initial and final parts. Finally, the finals were counted.
* [[Media:Seven_Tones_of_Taiwanese.pdf|''Seven Tones of Taiwanese'']], 32 × 7 grid for spelling out all tones
* The ten most frequent finals (across the headwords) are: {{x|ar}}, {{x|ie}}, {{x|eeng}}, {{x|ii}}, {{x|ofng}}, {{x|i}}, {{x|efng}}, {{x|ix}}, {{x|o}}, and {{x|af}} tied with {{x|aau}}. ''Ar'' was found 997 times, ''af'' and ''aau'' 395 times.
* [[Media:Examples_of_Seven_Tones_of_Taiwanese.pdf|Examples]], using words and syllables from  [[Practical Taiwanese Conversation]] (Level 1)
* The nine least frequent, found only once, are: {{x|oafng}}, {{x|ob}}, {{x|om}}, {{x|oom}}, {{x|vaai}}, {{x|vau}}, {{x|viao}}, {{x|voq}}, {{x|vuix}}. They belong to words: ''{{x|oafng}}'', ''{{x|lob}}'', ''{{x|om}}'', ''{{x|toom}}'', ''{{x|pefngpeqkvaai}}'', ''{{x|liengvau}}'', ''{{x|gviao}}'', ''{{x|`hvoq}}'', ''{{x|khvuieoah}}''.
* [[Media:Finals of Modern Literal Taiwanese.pdf|''Finals of Modern Literal Taiwanese'']], 46 × 7 grid, including '''om''', '''oang''' and "front nasal" vowels (see [[v]])
* Data: [[:File:MoeDict mainspace finals MTL KH.ods|Frequency count (ODS)]], and [[:File:Finals of Taiwanese in MTL.pdf|table (PDF)]]
 
== Background ==
* counted over 2100 distinct [[TL]] [[syllable]]s in ''[[Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan]]''
* after dropping tone markings, found 80 distinct finals: 44 long, 36 short
** ten most frequent: '''i''', '''e''', '''a''', '''ing''', '''u''', '''oo''', '''au''', '''ue''', '''o''', '''ai'''
** nine least frequent: '''om''', '''aunnh''', '''aih''', '''iuh''', '''ennh''', '''mh''', '''uang''', '''onnh''', '''iaunn''', '''op'''. These can be found in the MTL words: {{x|om}}, {{x|hvauqhvauh}}, {{x|haiq}}, {{x|tiuq}}, {{x|khveh}}, {{x|hmqhmh}}, {{x|oafng}}, {{x|`hvoq}}, {{x|viaw}}, {{x|lob}}


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[List of all initial consonants in MTL]]
* [[MTL Toolbox]] - soundboard
* initial consonants in [[Modern Literal Taiwanese alphabet]]
* [[Tones of Taiwanese]]
* [[Tones of Taiwanese]]
* [[Frequently-used Taiwanese monosyllables]]
* [[Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan/Monosyllables]]

Latest revision as of 10:52, 2 April 2024

Tables of all MLT finals. In a Taiwanese syllable, there are two main parts: initial + final, where the final includes tone. In the MLT writing system, the final may include up to three parts:

vowel + tone + optional final consonant

The tables below show how to spell any MLT final in each tone.

Versions

Background

See also

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