Personal pronouns

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Template:Ttsx (人稱代名詞; personal pronouns; ref. to Chinese pronouns and 臺灣閩南語常用代名詞)

Personal pronouns
Person Singular Plural
First
person

goar 🔊
I, me
Exclusive Inclusive

goarn 🔊 / gurn 🔊
we, us

larn 🔊
we, us
Second
person
Informal Formal
Template:TtsX
you

lie 🔊
you
n/a
n/a
n/a
Third
person

Template:TtsX
(s)he, him, her
𪜶
Template:TtsX
they, them

Goar

Template:TtsX (; I/me)

Goar kah'ix`lie 🔊
I like you.

Goarn

Template:TtsX / Template:TtsX (; we (exclusive))

  • usually means "we" (not including listener). Can also mean you (singular) in a polite manner. For example, "How are we doing today?" to really mean "How are you doing today?"
  • "Lie aix khix tøfui?" (normal)
  • A girl asks her boyfriend, "Goarn aix khix tøfui?" (polite). Equivalent to "Lie aix..." but it's more inclusive.
  • goarn-taw, goarn-amar
  • Gurn is more common in the north
  • Goarn is used in the south (Tvafkao and Tailaam)
    • However, in Tailaam, goarn is used for males; gurn is used for females

Larn

Template:TtsX (; we (inclusive))

  • The inclusive "larn" may be used to express politeness or solidarity, as in the example of a speaker asking a stranger "Where do we live?", but meaning "Where do you live?".
    • Speaker asks stranger, "Larn toax ti tøfui?"
    • Speaker means, "Lie toax ti tøfui?" in a polite manner.

Lie

lie 🔊 (/; (singular) you)

Lirn

Template:Ttsx (; (plural) you/(possessive) your)

Thaekhofng peng'iuo, lirn hør! 🔊
Friends from outer space, hello! (see Greetings of the Voyager Golden Record)
Lirn-taw ti tøfui? 🔊
Where is your home/house?

SK