Hokkien numerals: Difference between revisions
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{{lead|Sorji|數字|Hokkien numerals|numbers in Taiwanese}} come in [[Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters|two different sets]]: | {{lead|Sorji|數字|Hokkien numerals|numbers in Taiwanese}} come in [[Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters|two different sets]]: | ||
{{ | * colloquial (''{{x|peh}}''): used the most | ||
* literary (''{{x|buun}}''): mostly for [[tiexn'oe|telephone]] numbers and dates | |||
In normal speech, a mix of both types is used. Let's start with colloquial. | |||
[[File: sorji (peh).mp3|thumb|none|{{ | == Colloquial numbers == | ||
[[File: sorji (peh).mp3|thumb|none|({{x|bøo}}), {{x|cit}}, {{x|nng}}, {{x|svaf}}, {{x|six}}, {{x|go}}, {{x|lak}}, {{x|chid}}, {{x|pøeq}}, {{x|kao}}, {{x|zap}}]] | |||
=== Cardinal numbers === | |||
To count "how many", "{{w|cardinal numbers}}" are used. Use the colloquial system (''cit'', ''nng'', ''svaf'') together with a [[measure word|classifier]] (the classifier will [[tone sandhi|change tone]] when spoken). For example, from ''[[Cidbøea Hii]]'': | |||
; cidbøea hii, nngxciaq køef, svazaang chiu'ar, ... | |||
: a tail of fish, a pair of chickens, three trees, ... | |||
'''{{x|Zap}}''' is '''10'''. From '''11''', use '''{{x|id}}''' and '''{{x|ji}}''', instead of '''cit''' & '''nng''', in the ones place. For example: | |||
; zab'id-bøea (11-bøea), zabji-ciaq (12-ciaq), zabsvaf-zaang (13-zaang), ... | |||
'''{{x|Jixzap}}''' is '''20'''. | |||
; jixzab'id-bøea (21-bøea), jixzabji-ciaq (22-ciaq), ... | |||
'''{{x|Paq}}''' is '''100'''. Count how many hundred with '''cit''', '''nng''', '''svaf'''. {{gt|Khoxng|空|[[0|zero]]}} is for the blank tens place. We omit the classifier below but don't forget to include it. | |||
; {{ | ; 100 {{x|cidpaq}}, 101 cidpaq-khoxng-id, 102 cidpaq-khoxng-ji, ... | ||
; 110 cidpaq-zap, 111 cidpaq-zab'id, 112 cidpaq-zabji, ... | |||
There are shortcuts when the ones place is blank: | |||
; {{ | ; 110 {{x|pah'id}}, 111 cidpaq-zab'id, 112 cidpaq-zabji, ... | ||
; 120 {{x|pahji}}, 121 cidpaq-jixzap-id, 122 cidpaq-jixzap-ji, ... | |||
As we said, the next hundreds place is counted with '''{{x|nng}}'''. | |||
; {{ | ; 200 {{x|nngxpaq}}, 201 nngxpaq-khoxng-id, 202 nngxpaq-khoxng-ji, ... | ||
; 210 nngxpaq-zap (nngxpaq-id?), 211 nngxpaq-zab'id, ... | |||
; 220 nngxpaq-jixzap (nngxpaq-ji?) | |||
Above '''200''', there's a shortcut using '''[[ar]]''' as a "weak form" of "hundred" (''{{x|paq}}'' -> ''{{x|aq}}'' -> ''ar''): | |||
; | ; 210 ji-ar-id, 211 nngxpaq-zab'id, ... | ||
; 220 ji-ar-ji, 221 nngxpaq-jixzap-id, ... | |||
; 510 goxafid, 520 goxafji, ... (here [[5|go]] has changed tone before "ar", violating a [[tone sandhi]] exception) | |||
'''{{x|Zhefng}}''' is '''1000''': | |||
; 1000 {{x|cidzhefng}}, 1001 cidzhefng-khoxng-id, ... | |||
; 1100 {{x|zheng'id}} / cidzheng'id, 1101 cidzhefng-cidpaq-khoxng-id | |||
; {{ | ; 1200 zhefng-ji, 1201 cidzhefng-nngxpaq-khoxng-id, ... | ||
; 2000 {{x|nngxchiefn}} | |||
'''{{x|Ban}}''' is '''10000''': | |||
; 1,0000 {{x|cidban}}, 1,1000 cidbaxn'id, ..., 2,0000 nngxban, ... | |||
: 10,000, 11,000, ..., 20,000 | : 10,000, 11,000, ..., 20,000 | ||
; 2,2000 jixban-ji, ..., 3,0300 svaban-svapaq, ... | |||
'''{{x|Pahban}}''' (100,0000) is '''1,000,000'''. | |||
=== Ordinal numbers === | === Ordinal numbers === | ||
For [[ordinal numbers]], when the numerals are preceded by the prefix ''{{x|te}}'': | For [[ordinal numbers]], when the numerals are preceded by the prefix '''{{x|te}}''': | ||
; {{x| | ; {{x|te-1}} ({{x|tex'id}}), {{x|te-2}} ({{x|texji}}), {{x|te-3}} ({{x|texsvaf}}), {{x|te-4}}, {{x|te-5}}, ... | ||
: first, second, third, ... | : first, second, third, ... | ||
== Literary numbers == | |||
[[File:sorji (buun).mp3|thumb|none|literary: {{x|id}}, {{x|ji}}, {{x|safm}}, {{x|sux}}, {{x|gvor}}, {{x|liok}}, {{x|chid}}, {{x|pad}}, {{x|kiuo}}, {{x|sip}}]] | |||
{{HokkienLiteraryColloquial-Num}} | |||
=== Telephone digits === | === Telephone digits === | ||
[[File:3945068.mp3|thumb|none|telephone number: 3945068]] | [[File:3945068.mp3|thumb|none|telephone number: 3945068]] | ||
Telephone digits are read using the literary system. The digits are grouped according to certain rules and [[tone sandhi]] is applied. For example, 3945068 is read: ''samkiwsux, gvofkhoxng, liogpad'' | Telephone digits are read using the literary system, with [[0]] read as ''khoxng''. The digits are grouped according to certain rules and [[tone sandhi]] is applied. For example, 3945068 is read: 394, 50, 68 (''samkiwsux, gvofkhoxng, liogpad''; ''safm-kiuo-sux, gvor-khoxng, liok-pad''; see ''[[Khax Tiexn'oe]]''). | ||
=== Date === | === Date === | ||
The year is also read using the literary system. For example: 1998 is read: '' | The year is also read using the literary system. For example: 1998 is read: 19, 98-nii (''itkiuo, kiwpatnii''; see ''[[Jidkix Cidphvy]]''). | ||
== References == | |||
* [[Oong Iogteg]] (1972-3). 台湾語入門. Tōkyō | |||
** ''[http://www.edutech.org.tw/Text-Book/T-Jibbuun.htm Taioaan-oe Jibmngg (MLT-parn)]'' Liim Keahioong hoan'ek (2000). | |||
[[Category:Getting started]] | [[Category:Getting started]] | ||
Latest revision as of 10:02, 21 January 2024
Sorji (數字 Hokkien numerals; numbers in Taiwanese) come in two different sets:
In normal speech, a mix of both types is used. Let's start with colloquial.
Colloquial numbers
Cardinal numbers
To count "how many", "cardinal numbers" are used. Use the colloquial system (cit, nng, svaf) together with a classifier (the classifier will change tone when spoken). For example, from Cidbøea Hii:
- cidbøea hii, nngxciaq køef, svazaang chiu'ar, ...
- a tail of fish, a pair of chickens, three trees, ...
Zap is 10. From 11, use id and ji, instead of cit & nng, in the ones place. For example:
- zab'id-bøea (11-bøea), zabji-ciaq (12-ciaq), zabsvaf-zaang (13-zaang), ...
Jixzap is 20.
- jixzab'id-bøea (21-bøea), jixzabji-ciaq (22-ciaq), ...
Paq is 100. Count how many hundred with cit, nng, svaf. Khoxng (空† zero) is for the blank tens place. We omit the classifier below but don't forget to include it.
- 100 cidpaq, 101 cidpaq-khoxng-id, 102 cidpaq-khoxng-ji, ...
- 110 cidpaq-zap, 111 cidpaq-zab'id, 112 cidpaq-zabji, ...
There are shortcuts when the ones place is blank:
- 110 pah'id, 111 cidpaq-zab'id, 112 cidpaq-zabji, ...
- 120 pahji, 121 cidpaq-jixzap-id, 122 cidpaq-jixzap-ji, ...
As we said, the next hundreds place is counted with nng.
- 200 nngxpaq, 201 nngxpaq-khoxng-id, 202 nngxpaq-khoxng-ji, ...
- 210 nngxpaq-zap (nngxpaq-id?), 211 nngxpaq-zab'id, ...
- 220 nngxpaq-jixzap (nngxpaq-ji?)
Above 200, there's a shortcut using ar as a "weak form" of "hundred" (paq -> aq -> ar):
- 210 ji-ar-id, 211 nngxpaq-zab'id, ...
- 220 ji-ar-ji, 221 nngxpaq-jixzap-id, ...
- 510 goxafid, 520 goxafji, ... (here go has changed tone before "ar", violating a tone sandhi exception)
Zhefng is 1000:
- 1000 cidzhefng, 1001 cidzhefng-khoxng-id, ...
- 1100 zheng'id / cidzheng'id, 1101 cidzhefng-cidpaq-khoxng-id
- 1200 zhefng-ji, 1201 cidzhefng-nngxpaq-khoxng-id, ...
- 2000 nngxchiefn
Ban is 10000:
- 1,0000 cidban, 1,1000 cidbaxn'id, ..., 2,0000 nngxban, ...
- 10,000, 11,000, ..., 20,000
- 2,2000 jixban-ji, ..., 3,0300 svaban-svapaq, ...
Pahban (100,0000) is 1,000,000.
Ordinal numbers
For ordinal numbers, when the numerals are preceded by the prefix te:
Literary numbers
| 1 | 2 | 3 / 三 | 4 / 四 | 5 / 五 | 6 / 六 | 7 / 七 | 8 / 八 | 9 / 九 | 10 / 十 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peh | cit (蜀) | nng (兩) | svaf | six | go | lak | chid | pøeq | kao | zap |
| Buun | id (一) | ji (二) | safm | sux | gvor | liok | pad | kiuo | sip |
Telephone digits
Telephone digits are read using the literary system, with 0 read as khoxng. The digits are grouped according to certain rules and tone sandhi is applied. For example, 3945068 is read: 394, 50, 68 (samkiwsux, gvofkhoxng, liogpad; safm-kiuo-sux, gvor-khoxng, liok-pad; see Khax Tiexn'oe).
Date
The year is also read using the literary system. For example: 1998 is read: 19, 98-nii (itkiuo, kiwpatnii; see Jidkix Cidphvy).
References
- Oong Iogteg (1972-3). 台湾語入門. Tōkyō
- Taioaan-oe Jibmngg (MLT-parn) Liim Keahioong hoan'ek (2000).