Aspirated consonant: Difference between revisions

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In Taiwanese phonetics, '''aspiration''' is the strong burst of [[hokhib|breath]] that accompanies the release of obstruents.  
In [[MTL]], the {{w|aspirated consonant}}s are ''ph'', ''th'', ''kh'', ''ch'', and ''zh'' (IPA: [pʰ], [tʰ], [kʰ], [tɕʰ], [tsʰ]). They are composed of the letter for the plain consonant (''p'', ''t'', ''k'', ''c'', or ''z''), plus the letter ''[[h]]'' for '''aspiration''', or strong burst of [[hokhib|breath]]. See [[MLT alphabet]].


In [[Taiwanese Hokkien]], the {{w|aspirated consonants}} are: [pʰ], [tʰ], [kʰ], [tɕʰ], [tsʰ]. In [[MTL]], these are written: ph, th, kh, ch, zh. They are composed of the symbols for voiceless consonants (p, t, k, c, z) followed by the aspiration modifier letter [[h]].
[[File:phy, thvy, khy, chy, zheq.mp3]]


You may have already noticed that this is a bit different from [[Engguo|English]], which always aspirates p, t, and k when they occur at the beginning of words.  
In [[Enggie|English]], we aspirate ''p'', ''t'', and ''k'' when they occur at the beginning of words, but don't really aspirate when they are inside the word. For example, think about the "p" inside "copy", "spot", and "spy".


Why would we choose to use these letters different from English?
[[Peh-oe-ji]], the ancestor of MTL, also uses ''h'' to denote aspiration, and uses ''b'', ''g'', and ''j'' for the ''muddy'' or voiced consonants. A similar convention is also found in:
* [[POJ]], the ancestor of MTL, also uses '''h''' to denote aspiration. This preserves b, (d), g, and j for voiced consonants.
* [[Wade-Giles]] (using the apostrophe)
* The convention of the apostrophe or "h" to denote aspiration is also found in romanizations of other Asian languages, such as {{w|McCune–Reischauer}} for [[Hankok'oe|Korean]] and ISO 11940 for [[Thaeguo|Thai]].
* [[Kokzex Imphiaw|International Phonetic Alphabet]] (uses {{wt|ʰ}})
*The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) uses the {{w|aspiration modifier letter}} ⟨◌ʰ⟩ following symbols for voiceless consonants.
* {{w|McCune–Reischauer}} for [[Hankog-oe|Korean]] (apostrophe)
*In [[Jidguo|Japanese]], the voiceless stops /p, t, k/ are slightly aspirated: less aspirated than English stops, but more so than Spanish.
* {{w|ISO 11940}} for [[Thaeguo|Thai]] (''h'')
* [[Hoatguo|French]], [[Hølangie|Dutch]] and [[Sepangaa-gie|Spanish]] don't even have aspirated consonants. So they use initial p, t, and k pretty much the same as in written Taiwanese.
 
Other notes:
*In [[Jidgie|Japanese]], the voiceless stops /p, t, k/ are slightly aspirated: less aspirated than English stops, but more so than Spanish.
* [[Hoatgie|French]], [[Hølaan-guo|Dutch]], [[Italia-gie|Italian]] and [[Sepangaa-gie|Spanish]] do not have phonemic aspirated consonants.
 
== See also ==
* {{w|tenuis consonant}}
* [[List of all initial consonants in MTL]]
* [[MLT alphabet]]


[[Category:Zwym]]
[[Category:Zwym]]

Revision as of 11:25, 18 February 2024

In MTL, the aspirated consonants are ph, th, kh, ch, and zh (IPA: [pʰ], [tʰ], [kʰ], [tɕʰ], [tsʰ]). They are composed of the letter for the plain consonant (p, t, k, c, or z), plus the letter h for aspiration, or strong burst of breath. See MLT alphabet.

In English, we aspirate p, t, and k when they occur at the beginning of words, but don't really aspirate when they are inside the word. For example, think about the "p" inside "copy", "spot", and "spy".

Peh-oe-ji, the ancestor of MTL, also uses h to denote aspiration, and uses b, g, and j for the muddy or voiced consonants. A similar convention is also found in:

Other notes:

  • In Japanese, the voiceless stops /p, t, k/ are slightly aspirated: less aspirated than English stops, but more so than Spanish.
  • French, Dutch, Italian and Spanish do not have phonemic aspirated consonants.

See also

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