Table of all MLT finals: Difference between revisions

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A '''list of all finals in Taiwanese Hokkien''' is presented in the following files using the [[Modern Taiwanese Language]] writing system, which integrates tone into the spelling of the final part of the [[syllable]] (the initial consonant is not affected). Note that several finals do not exist as standalone syllables or words.
'''Tables of all MLT finals'''. In a Taiwanese [[imcied|syllable]], there are two main parts: '''initial''' + '''final''', where the final includes [[Tones of Taiwanese|tone]]. In the [[Modern Literal Taiwanese|MLT]] writing system, the final may include up to three parts:


== Finals found in ''MoeDict'' ==
:: '''vowel''' + '''tone''' + optional '''final consonant'''
* 268 unique finals were found in the [[Frequently-Used Syllables in Frequently-Used Words of Taiwanese Hokkien]] via analysis of the ''[[MoeDict]]''.
** The top ten most frequent finals (across the headwords) are: {{xl|ar}}, {{xl|ie}}, {{xl|eeng}}, {{xl|ii}}, {{xl|ofng}}, {{xl|i}}, {{xl|efng}}, {{xl|ix}}, {{xl|o}}, {{xl|af}}.
** The ten least frequent are: {{xl|vaau}}, {{xl|vau}}, {{xl|voq}}, {{xl|vuix}}, {{xl|ob}}, {{xl|viao}}, {{xl|om}}, {{xl|oom}}, {{xl|oaxng}}, {{xl|oafng}}.
** [[File:Finals in Kaohsiung-area Taiwanese (MoeDict).ods]]


== Finals used for automated conversion ==
The tables below show how to spell any '''MLT final''' in each tone.
* A separate table of about 378 finals is used for the purpose of converting MTL to [[TRS]] or [[POJ]] or vice versa. Many of these do not appear in practice, or appear in loanwords, or other special cases.
 
** [[File:All finals in Taiwanese Hokkien.ods]] - rare finals (those that don't appear in ''MoeDict'') are grayed out
== Versions ==
* [[Media:Seven_Tones_of_Taiwanese.pdf|''Seven Tones of Taiwanese'']], 32 × 7 grid for spelling out all tones
* [[Media:Examples_of_Seven_Tones_of_Taiwanese.pdf|Examples]], using words and syllables from  [[Practical Taiwanese Conversation]] (Level 1)
* [[Media:Finals of Modern Literal Taiwanese.pdf|''Finals of Modern Literal Taiwanese'']], 46 × 7 grid, including '''om''', '''oang''' and "front nasal" vowels (see [[v]])
 
== Background ==
* counted over 2100 distinct [[TL]] [[syllable]]s in ''[[Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan]]''
* after dropping tone markings, found 80 distinct finals: 44 long, 36 short
** ten most frequent: '''i''', '''e''', '''a''', '''ing''', '''u''', '''oo''', '''au''', '''ue''', '''o''', '''ai'''
** nine least frequent: '''om''', '''aunnh''', '''aih''', '''iuh''', '''ennh''', '''mh''', '''uang''', '''onnh''', '''iaunn''', '''op'''. These can be found in the MTL words: {{x|om}}, {{x|hvauqhvauh}}, {{x|haiq}}, {{x|tiuq}}, {{x|khveh}}, {{x|hmqhmh}}, {{x|oafng}}, {{x|`hvoq}}, {{x|viaw}}, {{x|lob}}


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[List of all initial consonants in Taiwanese Hokkien]]
* [[MTL Toolbox]] - soundboard
* [[Frequently-Used Syllables in Frequently-Used Words of Taiwanese Hokkien]]
* initial consonants in [[Modern Literal Taiwanese alphabet]]
* [[Tones of Taiwanese]]
* [[Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan/Monosyllables]]

Revision as of 09:52, 2 April 2024

Tables of all MLT finals. In a Taiwanese syllable, there are two main parts: initial + final, where the final includes tone. In the MLT writing system, the final may include up to three parts:

vowel + tone + optional final consonant

The tables below show how to spell any MLT final in each tone.

Versions

Background

See also

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