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-A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swadesh_list Swadesh list] is one of several lists of vocabulary with "basic" meanings, developed by Morris Swadesh in the 1940=9650s, which is used in lexicostatistics (quantitative language relatedness assessment) and glottochronology (language divergence dating).
+#REDIRECT [[Swadesh List]]
-See also [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Sino-Tibetan_Swadesh_lists Sino-Tibetan Swadesh lists] for a comparison of Mandarin, Cantonese, Amoy, Teochew, Hakka, and Burmese.
-English word...POS...MTL...notes
-#I...personal pronoun...goar...
-#you(singular)...personal pronoun...lie...
-#he...personal pronoun...y...
-#we...personal pronoun...gurn/goarn...we (not including you)
-**...larn...we (including you)
-#you(plural)...personal pronoun...lirn...
-#they...personal pronoun...yn...
-#this...demonstrative pronoun...zef...
-**...cit'ee...
-#that...demonstrative pronoun...hef...
-**...hit'ee...
-#here...demonstrative pronoun...ciaf...
-#there...demonstrative pronoun...hiaf...
-#who...interrogative...sviaflaang...
-**...siafng...contraction of sviaflaang
-#what...interrogative...sviafmih...
-**...symmih...
-**...tQfcidee...which
-#where...interrogative...tQfui...
-#when...interrogative...symmih-sizun...what time
-**...tangsii...
-#how...interrogative...juhQo...formal
-**...afnzvoar...informal
-**...zvoafviu...in what way
-#not......pud...literary
-**...m...is not/does not
-**...boe...is not able to
-**...maix...do not (imperative)
-**...bQo...does not have/did not
-#all...quantifier...zoanpo...all of it
-**...kuy...ex. all day
-**...sofu...ex. all cars
-**...lorng...ex. they all see it.
-**...lofngzorng...ex. how many in all?
-#many...quantifier...zoe...
-#some...quantifier...cidkoar...
-**...kuynaxee...
-#few...quantifier...ciQr...
-#other...quantifier...kithvaf...
-**...padee...
-#one...cardinal number...id...more than 10
-**...cit...less than 10
-#two...cardinal number...ji...
-**...nng...
-#three...cardinal number...svaf...
-#four...cardinal number...six...
-#five...cardinal number...go...
-#big...adjective...toa...
-#long...adjective...tngg...
-#wide...adjective...khoafn...
-#thick...adjective...kau...
-#heavy...adjective...tang...
-#small...adjective...soex...
-#short...adjective...tQea...
-#narrow...adjective...oeh...
-#thin...adjective...pQh...
-#woman...noun...lwjiin...formal
-**...zabor...informal
-#man(adult male)...noun...lamjiin...formal
-**...zapof...informal
-#man(human being)...noun...laang...
-#child(a youth)...noun...gyn'ar...informal
-**...jitoong...formal
-#wife...noun...bor...
-#husband...noun...afng...
-#mother...noun...bwchyn/bQfchyn...literary
-**...lauxbuo...
-**...mamaf...
-**...abuo...
-#father...noun...huxchyn...literary
-**...lauxpe...
-**...papaf...
-**...apaf...
-#animal...noun...toxngbut...
-#fish...noun...hii...
-#bird...noun...ciao...
-**...ciawar...
-#dog...noun...kao...
-**...kawar...
-#louse...noun...sad...
-**...satbuo...
-#snake...noun...zoaa...
-#worm...noun...thaang...
-**...toxurn...earthworm
-**...toxkurn...earthworm
-#tree...noun...chiu...
-**...chiu'ar (chiu-ar)...
-#forest...noun...simliim...
-**...chiuxnaa...
-#stick...noun...chiuxky...tree branch
-**...ki'ar...informal
-#fruit...noun...zuykQr...
-**...koefcie...
-#seed...noun...zefngcie...
-#leaf...noun...hiQh...
-**...hiQqar...
-#root...noun...kwn...
-#bark...noun...chiuxphQee...
-#flower...noun...hoef...
-#grass...noun...zhao...
-#rope...noun...sQq...
-**...sQh'ar...
-#skin...noun...phQee...
-**...phQehw...
-#meat...noun...baq...
-#blood...noun...huiq...
-**...hiet'ek...
-#bone...noun...kud...
-**...kutthaau...
-#fat...noun...cihoong...academic
-**...jixnngg...colloquial
-#egg...noun...nng...
-**...koenng...chicken egg
-#horn...noun...kag...
-#tail...noun...bQea...
-**...bQefliw...
-#feather...noun...ciawmngg...
-#hair...noun...thaumngg...
-#head...noun...thaau...affix
-**...thaukhag...
-#ear...noun...hvi...
-**...hvi'ar (hvi-ar)...
-**...hvixkhafng...
-#eye...noun...bagciw...
-#nose...noun...phvi...
-**...phvi'ar (phvi-ar)...
-#mouth...noun...zhuix...
-#tooth...noun...zhuiekhie...
-#tongue...noun...cih...
-**...zhuiecih...
-#fingernail...noun...zefngkaq...
-#foot...noun...khaf...
-#leg...noun...thuie...
-#knee...noun...khathauw...
-#hand...noun...chiuo...
-#wing...noun...ek...literary
-**...sit...
-**...sidar...
-**...sidkor...
-#belly...noun...paktor...
-#guts...noun...tng'ar...
-#neck...noun...axmkurn...
-#back...noun...khaciahphviaf...
-#breast...noun...hiofng...chest (affix)
-**...hiongpo...chest (academic)
-**...hengkharm...chest (generic)
-**...lengpoong...female organ
-#heart...noun...simzong...
-#liver...noun...kvoaf...affix
-**...kvoazong...
-#drink...verb...lym...
-#eat...verb...ciah...
-#bite...verb...ka...
-#suck...verb...khib...affix
-**...cip...sip
-**...suq...suck
-#spit...verb...phuix...generic
-**...phuienoa...lit. spit saliva (informal)
-**...phuiezhuienoa...lit. spit saliva (informal)
-**...phuiethaam...lit. spit phlegm (informal)
-#vomit...verb...ao...informal
-**...thox...informal
-**...awthox...formal
-#blow...verb...zhef...
-**...puun...
-#breathe...verb...hokhib...academic (respire)
-**...zhoafnkhuix...
-#laugh...verb...chiQx...
-#see...verb...khvoax...
-#hear...verb...thviaf...
-#know...verb...zay...
-**...zaiviar...
-**...pad...to recognize
-#think...verb...sviu...
-#smell...verb...phvi...
-#fear...verb...kviaf...
-#sleep...verb...khuxn...
-#live...verb...oah...
-#die...verb...sie...
-#kill...verb...thaai...
-#fight...verb...oankef...argue
-**...siQphaq...fists
-**...siQthaai...war
-#hunt...verb...phahlah...
-#hit...verb...phaq...
-#cut...verb...koaq...cut in two
-**...chied...slice
-**...kaf...scissors
-#split...verb...phoarkhuy...transitive split open
-**...liqkhuy...intransitive split open
-**...hunkhuy...split up
-#stab...verb...chix...
-**...zaan...
-**...tuh...
-#scratch...verb...pee...
-#dig...verb...or...
-**...oea...
-**...iaq...
-**...liuo...
-**...kut...
-#swim...verb...siuzuie...
-#fly...verb...pef...
-#walk...verb...kviaa...generic
-**...kvialo...go on foot (informal)
-**...poxheeng...go on foot (formal)
-**...poxkviaa...go on foot (formal)
-**...poxliern...go on foot (formal)
-#come...verb...laai...
-#lie...verb...tQr...horizontal
-#sit...verb...ze...
-#stand...verb...zam...affix
-**...khia...
-#turn...verb...oad...change direction
-#fall...verb...laklQh...drop
-#give...verb...ho...
-#hold...verb...theh...
-#squeeze...verb...lut...
-#rub...verb...loarn...massage; knead
-#wash...verb...soea...
-#wipe...verb...chid...
-#pull...verb...khiuo...
-**...giuo...
-#push...verb...sag...
-#throw...verb...taxn...
-#tie...verb...pak...
-#sew...verb...paang...
-**...thvi...
-#count...verb...siaux...
-#say...verb...korng...
-#sing...verb...chviux...
-#play...verb...sngr...
-**...chitthQo...intransitive
-#float...verb...phuu...
-#flow...verb...laau...
-#freeze...verb...kietpefng...
-#swell...verb...phorngtoa...
-#sun...noun...thaeioong...scientific
-**...jidthaau...informal
-#moon...noun...gQeqniuu...
-#star...noun...chvy...
-#water...noun...zuie...
-#rain...noun...ho...
-#river...noun...hQo...
-#lake...noun...oo...
-#sea...noun...hae...
-#salt...noun...iaam...
-#stone...noun...ciQh...affix
-**...ciQqthaau...
-#sand...noun...soaf...
-#dust...noun...thohurn...
-#earth...noun...texkiuu...planet
-#cloud...noun...huun...
-#fog...noun...bu...
-#sky...noun...thvy...
-#wind...noun...hofng...
-#snow...noun...seq...
-#ice...noun...pefng...
-#smoke...noun...hwn...
-#fire...noun...hea...
-#ashes...noun...hef...ashes or dust
-**...hefhw...
-#burn...verb...hviaa...
-#road...noun...lo...
-#mountain...noun...svoaf...
-#red...adjective...aang...
-#green...adjective...lek...
-**...chvy...
-#yellow...adjective...ngg...
-#white...adjective...peh...
-#black...adjective...of...
-#night...noun...armsii...
-#day...noun...jidsii...
-#year...noun...nii...
-#warm...adjective...siQlQ...
-#cold...adjective...kvoaa...
-#full...adjective...boarn...
-**...moar...
-**...tvi...
-#new...adjective...syn...
-#old...adjective...lau...not young
-**...ku...not new
-#good...adjective...hQr...
-#bad...adjective...phvae...
-#rotten...adjective...aux...
-**...zhaonoa...
-#dirty...adjective...lahsab...
-#straight...adjective...tit...
-#round...adjective...vii...
-#sharp...adjective...lai...
-#dull...adjective...tun...
-#smooth...adjective...kngkut...
-#wet...adjective...sib...
-**...taam...
-#dry...adjective...taf...
-#correct...adjective...tiQh...informal
-**...zerngkhag...formal
-#near...adjective...kun...
-#far...adjective...hng...
-#right...adjective...cviax...
-#left...adjective...tQx...
-#at...preposition...ti...
-#in...preposition...ti...lai...
-#with...conjunction...kab...
-#and...conjunction...kab...
-#if...conjunction...naxsi...
-#because...conjunction...in'ui...
-#name...noun...miaa...affix or generic

Swadesh list: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 07:53, 4 November 2012

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